Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 6617 in total

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  1. Chan PWK, De Bruyne JA
    JUMMEC, 2000;5:28-32.
    The use of steroid therapy and its treatment impact on children hospitalised with viral croup between 1994-1998 were reviewed by comparing 30 patients who received steroid therapy with 65 patients who did not. There was no difference in the socio-demographic and clinical profile between the two groups. The hospital stay (2.8 ± 1.3 vs 3.5 ± 1.2 days, p = 0.02) and duration of documented stridor (1.3 ±0.5 vs 2.8 ± 1.0 days, p = 0.001) were shorter for patients who received steroid therapy although they appeared to have more severe respiratory distress. There were no complications associated with steroid therapy use. Despite reluctance in administering steroid therapy for viral croup, patients who received the treatment had a shorter hospital stay and duration of stridor. KEYWORDS: Croup, steroid therapy, hospital stay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child
  2. Leung AKC, Sergi CM, Leong KF, Kantor PF, Md
    Pediatr Rev, 2021 05;42(5):e17-e22.
    PMID: 33931516 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2018-0330
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  3. Foster HE, Scott C, Tiderius CJ, Dobbs MB, Members of the Paediatric Global Musculoskeletal Task Force
    Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 2020 Oct;34(5):101566.
    PMID: 32727697 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101566
    This chapter describes the musculoskeletal (MSK) context in children and young people as an important contributor to the global non-communicable disease burden. Through selected MSK conditions, we describe the impact on patients, families and communities and highlight the challenges that need to be addressed. We focus on opportunities for better working together and describe exemplar initiatives to raise awareness, workforce capacity building, models of care and research agendas to have a greater global context.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child
  4. Hamza Hermis A, Tehrany PM, Hosseini SJ, Firooz M, Hosseini SR, Jamshidbeigi A, et al.
    Int Wound J, 2023 Nov;20(9):3855-3870.
    PMID: 37224877 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14236
    Non-accidental burns (NABs) in children had some adverse effects, such as severe burns, requiring skin grafting, and mortality. Previous studies reported NABs in the form of neglect, suspected abuse, and child abuse. Also, different statistics were estimated for the prevalence of NABs in children. Therefore, the current study aimed to comprehensively review and summarise the literature on the prevalence of NABs in children. Also, factors related to NABs as a secondary aim were considered in this review. Keywords combined using Boolean operators and searches were performed in international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Only studies in English were considered from the earliest to 1 March 2023. The analysis was performed using STATA software version 14. Finally, 29 articles were retrieved for the quantitative analysis. Results found that the prevalence of child abuse, suspected abuse, neglect, 'child abuse or suspect abused', and 'abuse, suspect abused, or neglect' was 6% (ES: 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05-0.07), 12% (ES: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09-0.15), 21% (ES: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07-0.35), 8% (ES: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.07-0.09), and 15% (ES: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.13-0.16) among burns victims, respectively. Also, factors related to NABs are categorised into age and gender, agent and area of burns, and family features. Considering the results of the current study, planning for rapid diagnosis and designing a process to manage NABs in children is necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child
  5. Mahmud MN, Othman A, Ilias MI
    Singapore Med J, 2023 Sep;64(9):557-562.
    PMID: 34600452 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2021128
    INTRODUCTION: The study was performed to determine the psychological problems in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) while they were on steroid therapy, as compared to healthy children.

    METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a paediatric clinic of a tertiary hospital. Parents of the participants in the INS group and control group (comprising children without chronic illness) completed questionnaires using the Child Behavioural Checklist (CBCL). The CBCL measures a range of age-specific emotional and psychological problems, including internalising and externalising domains. Analyses of the CBCL scores between groups were done using Mann-Whitney U test.

    RESULTS: A total of 140 children were recruited with an equal number in the INS and control groups. There was a significant difference in the mean total CBCL scores between the INS group and the control group, specifically in the withdrawal, somatic, anxious and aggressiveness subdomains. Similar findings were demonstrated in correlation between total psychological problems and corticosteroid dosage. In the INS group, steroid dose and cushingoid features were found to have a significant positive association with internalising psychological problems.

    CONCLUSION: Children with INS on corticosteroid treatment showed an increase in internalising and externalising scores, as compared to healthy children.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child
  6. Asokan S, Surendran S, Punugoti D, Nuvvula S, Geetha Priya PR
    Contemp Clin Dent, 2014 Oct;5(4):514-7.
    PMID: 25395769 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.142821
    Prediction of the child's behavior can adequately equip the dentist in rendering effective and efficient dental treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Behavior
  7. Tan AK, Mallika PS
    Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(2-3):97-8.
    PMID: 25606235 MyJurnal
    Coining is a technique used in treating many illnesses since ancient times. It is a form of dermabrasion therapy still widely practiced in China and South East Asia. This ancient treatment method is employed to rid the body of "heatiness" or "negative energies". Coining is associated with serious complications, and has been confused with child abuse by physicians unfamiliar to Asian cultures. Despite the availability of more simple and effective treatment for fever, coining is still widely practiced among Asians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Abuse
  8. Norzila MZ, Norrashidah AW, Rusanida A, Chan PWK, Azizi BHO
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):54-61.
    PMID: 16250281 MyJurnal
    Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease commonly found among the Caucasian population. The availability of sweat test and with increasing experience have made it possible to diagnose more cases of CF. Our first case of CF was diagnosed 16 years ago and to date we have managed sixteen cases of CF. Sixteen children were diagnosed with CF in our units at the Paediatric Institute and University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). They were referred with either one or all of the following symptoms: i) recurrent pneumonia, ii) bronchiectasis, iii) failure to thrive, iii) malabsorption or iv) history of meconium ileus obstruction during the neonatal period. When the clinical features suggested strongly of CF, sweat tests will be performed in duplicates and considered positive when the sweat chloride or sweat sodium was more than 60 mmol/l for both results. Seventy- two hours fecal fat excretion or stool for fat globule was performed to document malabsorption. From the year 1987 to 2003, 16 patients were confirmed to have cystic fibrosis in Malaysia by positive sweat tests. Thirteen patients were diagnosed in Paediatric Institute while the remaining three were diagnosed in UMMC. On follow-up two patients died due to severe bronchopneumonia at the age of two years old. Although once considered rare, CF should now be considered in any children with clinical presentations of recurrent chest infections, bronchiectasis, in the presence or absence of malabsoption stmptoms and in neonates with meconium ileus obstruction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool
  9. Mohd Sidik S, Ahmad R
    Malays J Nutr, 2004 Mar;10(1):13-22.
    PMID: 22691744
    Childhood obesity has been growing at an alarming rate and is the most common nutritional problem among children in developed as well as in developing countries. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine and psychosocial morbidities. This unhealthy trend will progress to adulthood and is expected to lead to huge economic costs in health and social security systems. Among the many factors which contribute to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity include environment and genetic factors. This paper discusses the aetiology, consequences and necessary interventions for this problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child*
  10. Woon TH
    Family Physician, 1996;9:12-16.
    This article highlighted the recent development in the prevention and management of child abuse in Malaysia. There is now a willingness to recognise the conlplex social, moral, medical, educational, legal and economic problems related to child abuse. Multidisciplinary research, comprehensive and longitudinal targeted services to prevent child abuse and neglect are needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Abuse
  11. Loke KH
    Family Practitioner, 1987;10:31-33.
    Child abuse is as age-old problem which involves physical, emotional and sexual abuse and also the unauthorised administration of drugs to children. The problem does not arise from just a single cause or factor but is multifactorial. One big area is the presence of social situational stresses prior to or during the episodes of abuse. The author has carried out a retrospective study of twenty cases of child abuse investigated by the Department of Social Welfare, Kuala Lumpur from December 1979 to January 1980. This paper describes part of the findings, namely the social situational stresses. The findings are found to be similar to those of other studies, both local and abroad.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Abuse
  12. Leung AKC, Barankin B, Leong KF
    Curr Pediatr Rev, 2020;16(4):265-276.
    PMID: 32384035 DOI: 10.2174/1573396316666200508104708
    BACKGROUND: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated systemic smallvessel vasculitis with a predilection for the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, and kidneys. It is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in children.

    OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to familiarize physicians with the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and management of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

    METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted in January 2020 in Clinical Queries using the key terms "Henoch-Schönlein purpura" OR "IgA vasculitis" OR "anaphylactoid purpura". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were included in this review. This paper is based on, but not limited to, the search results.

    RESULTS: Globally, the incidence of HSP is 10 to 20 cases per 100, 000 children per year. Approximately 90% of cases occur in children between 2 and 10 years of age, with a peak incidence at 4 to 7 years. The diagnosis should be based on the finding of palpable purpura in the presence of at least one of the following criteria, namely, diffuse abdominal pain, arthritis or arthralgia, renal involvement (hematuria and/or proteinuria), and a biopsy showing predominant IgA deposition. Most cases are self-limited. The average duration of the disease is 4 weeks. Long-term complications are rare and include persistent hypertension and end-stage kidney disease. Therapy consists of general and supportive measures as well as treatment of the sequelae of the vasculitis. Current evidence does not support the universal treatment of HSP patients with corticosteroids. Oral corticosteroids may be considered for HSP patients with severe gastrointestinal pain and gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

    CONCLUSION: Most cases of HSP have an excellent outcome, with renal involvement being the most important prognostic factor in determining morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, early steroid treatment does not reduce the incidence and severity of nephropathy in children with HSP. In HSP children who have severe nephritis or renal involvement with proteinuria of greater than 3 months, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker should be considered in addition to corticosteroids to prevent and/or limit secondary glomerular injury.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool
  13. Okely T, Reilly JJ, Tremblay MS, Kariippanon KE, Draper CE, El Hamdouchi A, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2021 10 25;11(10):e049267.
    PMID: 34697112 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049267
    INTRODUCTION: 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years protocol, designed to address this gap.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: SUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. Pilot research from 24 countries (14 LMICs) informed the study design and protocol. Data are collected locally by research staff from partnering institutions who are trained throughout the research process. Piloting of all measures to determine protocol acceptability and feasibility was interrupted by COVID-19 but is nearing completion. At the time of publication 41 countries are participating in the SUNRISE study.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The SUNRISE protocol has received ethics approved from the University of Wollongong, Australia, and in each country by the applicable ethics committees. Approval is also sought from any relevant government departments or organisations. The results will inform global efforts to prevent childhood obesity and ensure young children reach their health and developmental potential. Findings on the correlates of movement behaviours can guide future interventions to improve the movement behaviours in culturally specific ways. Study findings will be disseminated via publications, conference presentations and may contribute to the development of local guidelines and public health interventions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool
  14. Puthiaparampil T, Rahman MM, Sabrina BL, Nariman S, Shazrina AR
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):213-217.
    PMID: 36988533
    INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has reached a phase where many have been infected at least once. Healthcare workers were not spared from being infected. This study aimed to determine the period prevalence of COVID-19 among the paediatric healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan as the country transitioned into an endemic phase of the pandemic. Additionally, we investigate potential sociodemographic and occupational characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the healthcare workers in the paediatric department at three public specialist hospitals in Negeri Sembilan between 15 and 21 April 2022. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Out of the 504 eligible healthcare workers, 493 participated in this study (response rate 97.8%). The overall prevalence of COVID-19 (11 March 2020-15 April 2022) among healthcare workers was 50.9%. The majority (80.1%) were infected during the Omicron wave two months before the survey. Household contacts accounted for 35.9% of infection sources. The proportion of non-doctors in the COVID-19-infected group was significantly higher compared to the non-infected group (74.1% vs 64.0%, p=0.016). The COVID-19-infected group had a higher proportion of schoolgoing children (44.6% vs 30.6%, p=0.001) and children who attended pre-school/sent to the babysitter (49.0% vs 24.4%, p<0.001). There were no significant differences between infection rates among the healthcare workers working in the tertiary hospital and the district hospitals. There were also no significant differences in the proportion of COVID-19- infected doctors and nurses when analysed by seniority.

    CONCLUSION: Our study provided an estimate on the prevalence of COVID-19 among paediatric healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan and the factors associated with infection, which captures the extent and magnitude of this pandemic on the state's paediatric department. Most infections resulted from household contact, with a higher proportion of infected healthcare workers having young children.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool
  15. Olusanya BO, Gulati S, Berman BD, Hadders-Algra M, Williams AN, Smythe T, et al.
    Nat Med, 2023 May;29(5):1056-1060.
    PMID: 37055569 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02291-x
    Matched MeSH terms: Child Development; Child, Preschool
  16. Reeves S, Poh BK, Chong YT, Lee JAC, Cheah WL, Hafizah YN, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Aug 20;20(16).
    PMID: 37623197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166614
    Prevention and treatment of childhood obesity is a global concern, and in Malaysia, it is considered a national public health priority. Determinants of childhood obesity are multifactorial and include factors that directly and indirectly influence energy balance-related behaviours, including energy intake and energy expenditure. Interventions to address childhood obesity that have multiple components at different levels have been shown to be the most influential. The ToyBox-study is a childhood obesity intervention aimed at preschool-aged children and their families that had been shown to be effective in several European countries and so was chosen for adaption for the Malaysian setting. Materials were translated and adjusted for the Malaysian context and audience and implemented in kindergartens in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, teaching transitioned to being online. This brought an opportunity to reach a wider audience and consider the long-term sustainability of the intervention, and thus eToybox was born. eToybox aims to bring support for healthy energy balance behaviours directly to the teachers, into kindergartens and homes, to encourage families to be active and eat healthily, and prevent or reduce obesity. Through online innovation, the Toybox Study Malaysia programme has been expanded to enhance its potential to impact the promotion of healthy lifestyles among preschoolers and their families, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to preventing and treating childhood obesity in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool
  17. Nair T, Choo CSC, Abdullah NS, Lee S, Teo LLE, Chen Y, et al.
    Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2021 Aug 01;38(8):880-887.
    PMID: 33186309 DOI: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001385
    BACKGROUND: Hospital admissions and surgical operations commonly trigger anxiety in young children. Despite employing numerous support measures in our hospital, such as a pre-operative play room, the encouragement of parental companionship during induction of anaesthesia and distraction therapy, allaying the anxiety of our young surgical patients remains a challenge.

    OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a Home-Initiated-Programme-to-Prepare-for-Operation (HIPPO) on emotional manifestation and anxiety in children undergoing surgery.

    DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: One hundred and thirty children were randomly assigned to either control or intervention group between February 2018 and April 2019 in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Singapore.

    INTERVENTION: In addition to our standard pre-operative workflow, the intervention group received an additional home preparation kit consisting of an animated video on preoperative preparation and age-specific preoperative preparation activity sheets.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale score to evaluate behaviour and emotion in the children before and during induction of anaesthesia. Secondary outcomes evaluated anxiety levels in parents and children, the child's behaviour and degree of co-operation using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Children scores, the Induction Compliance Checklist scores, the Visual Analogue Scale scores for anxiety and the feedback questionnaire.

    RESULTS: The difference between the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale score in control and intervention groups was not statistically significant. A promising difference was however observed in one of the secondary outcomes where the state-State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Children scores of 7 to 10-year olds in the intervention group almost reached significance; P = 0.067.

    CONCLUSION: Despite being a child-friendly, easily accessible and affordable tool for patient education, HIPPO did not reduce anxiety experienced by children in the pre-operative waiting area or during induction of anaesthesia.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04271553.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool
  18. Mukherjee D, Bhavnani S, Lockwood Estrin G, Rao V, Dasgupta J, Irfan H, et al.
    Autism, 2024 Jan;28(1):6-31.
    PMID: 36336996 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221133176
    The challenge of finding autistic children, and finding them early enough to make a difference for them and their families, becomes all the greater in parts of the world where human and material resources are in short supply. Poverty of resources delays interventions, translating into a poverty of outcomes. Digital tools carry potential to lessen this delay because they can be administered by non-specialists in children's homes, schools or other everyday environments, they can measure a wide range of autistic behaviours objectively and they can automate analysis without requiring an expert in computers or statistics. This literature review aimed to identify and describe digital tools for screening children who may be at risk for autism. These tools are predominantly at the 'proof-of-concept' stage. Both portable (laptops, mobile phones, smart toys) and fixed (desktop computers, virtual-reality platforms) technologies are used to present computerised games, or to record children's behaviours or speech. Computerised analysis of children's interactions with these technologies differentiates children with and without autism, with promising results. Tasks assessing social responses and hand and body movements are the most reliable in distinguishing autistic from typically developing children. Such digital tools hold immense potential for early identification of autism spectrum disorder risk at a large scale. Next steps should be to further validate these tools and to evaluate their applicability in a variety of settings. Crucially, stakeholders from underserved communities globally must be involved in this research, lest it fail to capture the issues that these stakeholders are facing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool
  19. Song P, Adeloye D, Acharya Y, Bojude DA, Ali S, Alibudbud R, et al.
    J Glob Health, 2024 Feb 16;14:04054.
    PMID: 38386716 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04054
    BACKGROUND: In this priority-setting exercise, we sought to identify leading research priorities needed for strengthening future pandemic preparedness and response across countries.

    METHODS: The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to identify research priorities for future pandemic preparedness. Eighty experts in global health, translational and clinical research identified 163 research ideas, of which 42 experts then scored based on five pre-defined criteria. We calculated intermediate criterion-specific scores and overall research priority scores from the mean of individual scores for each research idea. We used a bootstrap (n = 1000) to compute the 95% confidence intervals.

    RESULTS: Key priorities included strengthening health systems, rapid vaccine and treatment production, improving international cooperation, and enhancing surveillance efficiency. Other priorities included learning from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, managing supply chains, identifying planning gaps, and promoting equitable interventions. We compared this CHNRI-based outcome with the 14 research priorities generated and ranked by ChatGPT, encountering both striking similarities and clear differences.

    CONCLUSIONS: Priority setting processes based on human crowdsourcing - such as the CHNRI method - and the output provided by ChatGPT are both valuable, as they complement and strengthen each other. The priorities identified by ChatGPT were more grounded in theory, while those identified by CHNRI were guided by recent practical experiences. Addressing these priorities, along with improvements in health planning, equitable community-based interventions, and the capacity of primary health care, is vital for better pandemic preparedness and response in many settings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child Health; Child
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