Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 6726 in total

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  1. Fulltext Assessing the susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus on Penang Island using two different assays
    Chan HH, Mustafa FF, Zairi J
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):464-70.
    PMID: 22041770
    Routine surveillance on resistant status of field mosquito populations is important to implement suitable strategies in order to prevent pest outbreaks. WHO test kit bioassay is the most frequent bioassay used to investigate the susceptibility status of field-collected mosquitoes, as it is relatively convenient to be carried out in the field. In contrast, the topical application of active ingredient is less popular in investigating the susceptibility status of mosquitoes. In this study, we accessed the susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus Skuse collected from two dengue hotspots on Penang Island: Sungai Dua and Persiaran Mayang Pasir. Two active ingredients: permethrin and deltamethrin, were used. WHO test kit bioassay showed that both wild strains collected were susceptible to the two active ingredients; while topical application assay showed that they were resistant. This indicated that WHO test kit bioassay less sensitive to low level of resistance compared to topical application assay. Hence, topical application is expected to be more indicative when used in a resistance surveillance programme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insecticides/pharmacology*; Nitriles/pharmacology; Pyrethrins/pharmacology; Permethrin/pharmacology
  2. Phenolic constituents and anticancer properties of Morus alba (white mulberry) leaves
    Chan EWC, Wong SK, Tangah J, Inoue T, Chan HT
    J Integr Med, 2020 May;18(3):189-195.
    PMID: 32115383 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.006
    Flavonoids are by far the most dominant class of phenolic compounds isolated from Morus alba leaves (MAL). Other classes of compounds are benzofurans, phenolic acids, alkaloids, coumarins, chalcones and stilbenes. Major flavonoids are kuwanons, moracinflavans, moragrols and morkotins. Other major compounds include moracins (benzofurans), caffeoylquinic acids (phenolic acids) and morachalcones (chalcones). Research on the anticancer properties of MAL entailed in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of extracts or isolated compounds. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones and alkaloids are classes of compounds from MAL that have been found to be cytotoxic towards human cancer cell lines. Further studies on the phytochemistry and anticancer of MAL are suggested. Sources of information were PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Google, Google Scholar, J-Stage, PubChem and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology*; Phenols/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Phytochemicals/pharmacology
  3. Fulltext Effects of silica soil amendment against Exserohilum rostratum, the fungal pathogen of rice brown spot disease in Peninsular Malaysia
    Mahmad-Toher AS, Govender N, Dorairaj D, Wong MY
    Sci Rep, 2022 Sep 20;12(1):15690.
    PMID: 36127366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19308-z
    Rice brown spot (BS) exerts devastating agronomic effects on grain quality and overall productivity. In Peninsular Malaysia, BS disease incidence is fairly prevalent and little is known about the diversity of BS pathogens in the local granaries. Fifteen isolates from BS symptomatic rice plants were identified at five different rice granaries across Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, two isolates were confirmed as Bipolaris oryzae while the rest were identified as Exserohilum rostratum. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that BS incidence in rice granaries in Peninsular Malaysia is caused by a pair of closely related fungal pathogens, E. rostratum and B. oryzae, with the former being more predominant. Cultural characterization of E. rostratum isolate KT831962 showed the best growth and sporulation activity on corn meal agar plates incubated in complete darkness. The effects of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) and rice husk ash (RHA) soil amendment against MR219 and MR253 rice varieties were evaluated during rice-E. rostratum interaction. Results showed that soil amelioration using CaSiO3 and RHA singly and in combination with manganese (Mn) significantly reduced rice BS disease severity. The BS disease index was reduced significantly to less than 31.6% in the silicon-treated rice plants relative to the control plants at 41.2%. Likewise, the grain yield at the harvest stage showed significantly higher yield in the Si-treated rice plants in comparison to the control, non-Si treated rice plants. The findings highlight the potential of RHA agro-waste as Si fertilizer in a sustainable rice production system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agar/pharmacology; Manganese/pharmacology; Silicon Dioxide/pharmacology; Silicon/pharmacology
  4. Combining Copper and Zinc into a Biosensor for Anti-Chemoresistance and Achieving Osteosarcoma Therapeutic Efficacy
    Lim YY, Zaidi AMA, Miskon A
    Molecules, 2023 Mar 24;28(7).
    PMID: 37049685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072920
    Due to its built-up chemoresistance after prolonged usage, the demand for replacing platinum in metal-based drugs (MBD) is rising. The first MBD approved by the FDA for cancer therapy was cisplatin in 1978. Even after nearly four and a half decades of trials, there has been no significant improvement in osteosarcoma (OS) therapy. In fact, many MBD have been developed, but the chemoresistance problem raised by platinum remains unresolved. This motivates us to elucidate the possibilities of the copper and zinc (CuZn) combination to replace platinum in MBD. Thus, the anti-chemoresistance properties of CuZn and their physiological functions for OS therapy are highlighted. Herein, we summarise their chelators, main organic solvents, and ligand functions in their structures that are involved in anti-chemoresistance properties. Through this review, it is rational to discuss their ligands' roles as biosensors in drug delivery systems. Hereafter, an in-depth understanding of their redox and photoactive function relationships is provided. The disadvantage is that the other functions of biosensors cannot be elaborated on here. As a result, this review is being developed, which is expected to intensify OS drugs with higher cure rates. Nonetheless, this advancement intends to solve the major chemoresistance obstacle towards clinical efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cisplatin/pharmacology; Copper/pharmacology; Platinum/pharmacology; Zinc/pharmacology
  5. Embracing Imatinib: a novel approach to safeguarding the endothelial barrier in patients with COVID-19
    Kow CS, Ramachandram DS, Hasan SS
    Angiogenesis, 2023 Nov;26(4):481-483.
    PMID: 37530975 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09889-2
    Imatinib, an ABL tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, shows promise in restoring endothelial barrier function in patients with COVID-19, thus, preventing cytokine leakage from the alveolar compartment to the systemic compartment. COVID-19 is characterized by an alveolar cytokine storm, and imatinib has been shown to strengthen the endothelial barrier and mitigate alveolar inflammatory responses by modulating NF-κB signaling. Incorporating imatinib into COVID-19 treatment strategies offers a novel approach to safeguard the endothelial barrier and address the complex pathophysiology of the disease, including its potential implications in long COVID. Given that endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in COVID-19 progression and long COVID development, protecting the endothelial barrier during acute infection is crucial in preventing the persistent endothelial dysfunction associated with long COVID.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology; Benzamides/pharmacology; Piperazines/pharmacology; Pyrimidines/pharmacology
  6. Fulltext Bioactives from probiotics for dermal health: functions and benefits
    Lew LC, Liong MT
    J Appl Microbiol, 2013 May;114(5):1241-53.
    PMID: 23311666 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12137
    Probiotics have been extensively reviewed for decades, emphasizing on improving general gut health. Recently, more studies showed that probiotics may exert other health-promoting effects beyond gut well-being, attributed to the rise of the gut-brain axis correlations. Some of these new benefits include skin health such as improving atopic eczema, atopic dermatitis, healing of burn and scars, skin-rejuvenating properties and improving skin innate immunity. Increasing evidence has also showed that bacterial compounds such as cell wall fragments, their metabolites and dead bacteria can elicit certain immune responses on the skin and improve skin barrier functions. This review aimed to underline the mechanisms or the exact compounds underlying the benefits of bacterial extract on the skin based on evidences from in vivo and in vitro studies. This review could be of help in screening of probiotic strains with potential dermal enhancing properties for topical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diacetyl/pharmacology; Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology; Peptidoglycan/pharmacology; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/pharmacology; Teichoic Acids/pharmacology; Acetic Acid/pharmacology; Lactic Acid/pharmacology; Probiotics/pharmacology*
  7. Fulltext Inhibitors of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme ICL1 in Candida albicans for potential use as antifungal agents
    Cheah HL, Lim V, Sandai D
    PLoS One, 2014;9(4):e95951.
    PMID: 24781056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095951
    Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes candidiasis in humans. In recent years, metabolic pathways in C. albicans have been explored as potential antifungal targets to treat candidiasis. The glyoxylate cycle, which enables C. albicans to survive in nutrient-limited host niches and its. Key enzymes (e.g., isocitrate lyase (ICL1), are particularly attractive antifungal targets for C. albicans. In this study, we used a new screening approach that better reflects the physiological environment that C. albicans cells experience during infection to identify potential inhibitors of ICL. Three compounds (caffeic acid (CAFF), rosmarinic acid (ROS), and apigenin (API)) were found to have antifungal activity against C. albicans when tested under glucose-depleted conditions. We further confirmed the inhibitory potential of these compounds against ICL using the ICL enzyme assay. Lastly, we assessed the bioavailability and toxicity of these compounds using Lipinski's rule-of-five and ADMET analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Caffeic Acids/pharmacology; Cinnamates/pharmacology; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology*; Apigenin/pharmacology; Depsides/pharmacology
  8. Antibacterial effects of ellagitannins from Acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort.: surface morphology analysis with environmental scanning electron microscopy and synergy with antibiotics
    Din WM, Jin KT, Ramli R, Khaithir TM, Wiart C
    Phytother Res, 2013 Sep;27(9):1313-20.
    PMID: 23109276 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4876
    The present study served to gain further insight into the bactericidal effects of ellagitannins from Acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. against pathogenic bacteria. Ellagitannins from the aerial parts of A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (EAW) inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strain with inhibition zones equal to 11.01 ± 1.53 mm, 16.63 ± 0.11 mm, 11.40 ± 1.10 mm and 8.22 ± 0.19 mm, respectively. The minimal inhibition concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration of ellagitannins from A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (EAW) against MRSA were 750 µg/mL and 3000 µg/mL, respectively. We then examined the synergistic effect of EAW with three antibiotics, i.e. ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline, via the checkerboard assay and time-kill assay and observed that EAW is synergistic with ampicillin against S. aureus (ATCC 11632). Environmental electron scanning microscopy analysis showed cell lysis against S. aureus (ATCC 11632) upon treatment with the ellagitannin fraction. The ellagitannin fraction from A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. is bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria tested and works synergistically with ampicillin against S. aureus. Morphology analysis of the cell suggests that the bactericidal property of the ellagitannin fraction mechanism involves lysis of the cell wall. In summary, our studies demonstrate that A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. produces bactericidal ellagitannins of clinical and/or cosmetological value.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ampicillin/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Streptomycin/pharmacology; Tetracycline/pharmacology; Hydrolyzable Tannins/pharmacology*
  9. Phage displayed Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ba4 toxin is toxic to Plutella xylostella
    Nathan S, Aziz DH, Mahadi NM
    Curr Microbiol, 2006 Nov;53(5):412-5.
    PMID: 17036210
    We constructed recombinant phage particles displaying the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ba4 active toxin using the pfUSE5 and pComb3X phagemid vectors. The recombinant phage particles were screened and evaluated for displayed biologically active Cry1Ba4 toxin against the target insect larvae. Concurrent expression of Cry1Ba4 protoxin was carried out using the pETBlue -2 plasmid expression vector in Escherichia coli Tuner (DE3)pLacI and the protoxin was successfully expressed at a size of 129 kDa. In the bioassay, 3.30 mg crude extract of Cry1Ba4 protoxin, 9.35 x 10(9) TU and 7.70 x 10(9) TU of induced recombinant phage particles carrying Cry1Ba4 active toxin displayed on pComb3X and pFUSE5, respectively, demonstrated mortality of greater than 85% against Plutella xylostella (third-instar) within 48 hours. Thus, we have successfully displayed the Cry1Ba4 activated toxin on the surface of a phage and demonstrated toxicity towards larvae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology*; Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology*; Endotoxins/pharmacology*; Hemolysin Proteins/pharmacology*; Insecticides/pharmacology*; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
  10. Antioxidant, radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of some Hedyotis species
    Ahmad R, Ali AM, Israf DA, Ismail NH, Shaari K, Lajis NH
    Life Sci, 2005 Mar 11;76(17):1953-64.
    PMID: 15707878
    The antioxidant, radical-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of seven Hedyotisspecies were investigated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods while the radical scavenging activity was measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The anti-inflammatory activity related to NO inhibition of the plant extracts was measured by the Griess assay while cytotoxicity were measured by the MTT assay against CEM-SS cell line. The antibacterial bioassay (against 4 bacteria, i.e. Bacillus subtilis B28 (mutant), Bacillus subtilis B29 (wild-type), Pseudomonas aeruginosa UI 60690 and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (MRSA) was also carried out using the disc-diffusion method. All tested extracts exhibited very strong antioxidant properties when compared to Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) with percent inhibition of 89-98% in the FTC and 60-95% in the TBA assays. In the DPPH method, H. herbacea exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 32 microg/ml. The results from the Griess assay showed that the tested extracts are weak inhibitors of NO synthase. However, all tested extracts exhibited moderate cytotoxic properties against CEM-SS cell line giving CD50 values in the range of 21-41 microg/ml. In the antibacterial bioassay, the stems and the roots of H. capitellata showed moderate activity against the 4 tested bacteria while the leaves showed moderate activity towards B. subtilis B28, MRSA and P. aeruginosa only. The roots of H. dichotoma showed strong antibacterial activity against all 4 bacteria. All other extracts did not exhibit any antibacterial activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology*; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology*; Antioxidants/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology*; alpha-Tocopherol/pharmacology
  11. Insecticide susceptibility studies of three cryptic species of the Anopheles balabacensis complex
    Hii JL
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1984 Mar;15(1):104-11.
    PMID: 6740370
    Susceptibilities of two colonies of the taxon An. dirus (one from Perlis and from Thailand) and one colony of An. balabacensis from Sabah to DDT, dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion and propoxur were determined. DDT and fenitrothion tolerance was found in An. dirus species B and An. balabacensis. No resistant strain was isolated as the two colonies were not either homozygous or nearly so for resistance. Field testing of the susceptibility of the adults of An. balabacensis to DDT was carried out between 1957 to 1976. The results indicated a progressive rise in the LC50 levels greater than 1% in almost all instance. The variation in the number of sprays applied in some districts have resulted in varying sensitivities. Association between the changes in levels of DDT susceptibility and exophilic habit of An. balabacensis has been observed but needs further confirmation. The significance of these findings and the difficulties in distinguishing tolerant from truly resistant individuals are discussed in relation to accurate species identification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Propoxur/pharmacology; DDT/pharmacology; Dieldrin/pharmacology; Fenitrothion/pharmacology; Insecticides/pharmacology*; Malathion/pharmacology
  12. Anticancer Potential of Syzygium Species: a Review
    Chua LK, Lim CL, Ling APK, Chye SM, Koh RY
    Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 2019 Mar;74(1):18-27.
    PMID: 30535971 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0704-z
    Cancer is a preventable and treatable disease, however, the incidence rates are on the rise. Classical treatment modalities for cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these are associated with detrimental side effects such as nausea and emesis. Therefore, researchers currently vest interest in complementary and alternative medicines for cancer treatment and prevention. Plants such as Syzygium sp. are a common basis of complementary medicines due to its abundance of bioactive phytochemicals. Numerous natural compounds derived from Syzygium sp., such as phenolics, oleanolic acids, and betulinic acids, and dimethyl cardamonins, were reported to have anticancer effects. Many possess the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the vast potential Syzygium sp. harbours as a source of anticancer natural compounds due to its abundance, easy acceptability, affordability and safety for regular consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology*; Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology; Phenols/pharmacology; Triterpenes/pharmacology; Chalcones/pharmacology; Phytochemicals/pharmacology*
  13. Fulltext Comparative performance of two commercial neonicotinoid baits against filth flies under field conditions
    Nurita AT, Abu Hassan A
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Dec;27(3):559-65.
    PMID: 21399598 MyJurnal
    Two performance (efficacy and attractiveness) comparisons of neonicotinoid baits QuickBayt® (imidacloprid) and Agita® (thiamethoxam) against filth flies were conducted under field conditions to determine suitability for use outdoors. The first experiment compared bait performance and the second compared effects of different applications on QuickBayt® performance. Applications compared were: (i) scattered in petri dish (SPD); (ii) wet-down in petri dish (WPD); (iii) scattered on cardboard (SCB) and (iv) painted on cardboards (PCB). Efficacy and attractiveness were assessed based on knockdown percentage (KD%) and number of flies feeding on baits, respectively. The KD% of QuickBayt® (34% ± 3.0%) was not significantly higher than Agita® (29% ± 1.3%) (t-test, P>0.05). Agita® (101 ± 5.7 flies) was significantly more attractive to flies than QuickBayt® (76 ± 4.8 flies) and the sugar solution (49 ± 7.2) (one-way ANOVA, P<0.05). The PCB and SCB applications were significantly more attractive to filth flies than WPD and SPD (One-way ANOVA, P<0.05), however differences in KD% were not significantly different (One-way ANOVA, P>0.05). The two baits provided the same level of efficacy in a wide-open area against filth flies of various species. QuickBayt® was more versatile; efficacy was not significantly affected by different applications. Surface area and moisture affects attractiveness of the bait.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imidazoles/pharmacology*; Insecticides/pharmacology*; Nitro Compounds/pharmacology*; Oxazines/pharmacology*; Pheromones/pharmacology*; Thiazoles/pharmacology*
  14. Fulltext Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia
    Mah SH, Teh SS, Ee GC
    Pharm Biol, 2017 Dec;55(1):920-928.
    PMID: 28152649 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322
    CONTEXT: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation.

    OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC50 values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC50 of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol.

    CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology*; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology*; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Cholinergic Antagonists/pharmacology*
  15. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Genomic Stability Enhancement Effects of Zinc l-carnosine: A Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agent?
    Ooi TC, Chan KM, Sharif R
    Nutr Cancer, 2017 Feb-Mar;69(2):201-210.
    PMID: 28094570 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1265132
    Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and the incidence and mortality rates of cancer are expected to rise tremendously in the near future. Despite a better understanding of cancer biology and advancement in cancer management, current strategies in cancer treatment remain costly and ineffective. Hence, instead of putting more efforts to search for new cancer cures, attention has now been shifted to the development of cancer chemopreventive agents as a preventive measure for cancer formation. It is well known that neoplastic transformation of cells is multifactorial, and the occurrence of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and genomic instability events has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of cells. Zinc l-carnosine (ZnC), which is clinically used as gastric ulcer treatment in Japan, has been suggested to have the potential in preventing cancer development. Multiple studies have revealed that ZnC possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genomic stability enhancement effects. Thus, this review provides some mechanistic insight into the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genomic stability enhancement effects of ZnC in relevance to its chemopreventive potential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology*; Antioxidants/pharmacology*; Carnosine/pharmacology; Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology*; Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology*; Zinc Compounds/pharmacology
  16. Therapeutic potential of Artemisia vulgaris: An insight into underlying immunological mechanisms
    Soon L, Ng PQ, Chellian J, Madheswaran T, Panneerselvam J, Gupta G, et al.
    J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2019;38(3):205-216.
    PMID: 31679308 DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2019029397
    Artemisia vulgaris is a traditional Chinese herb believed to have a wide range of healing properties; it is traditionally used to treat numerous health ailments. The plant is commonly called mugwort or riverside wormwood. The plant is edible, and in addition to its medicinal properties, it is also used as a culinary herb in Asian cooking in the form of a vegetable or in soup. The plant has garnered the attention of researchers in the past few decades, and several research studies have investigated its biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, and antimicrobial properties. In this review, various studies on these biological effects are discussed along with the tests conducted, compounds involved, and proposed mechanisms of action. This review will be of interest to the researchers working in the field of herbal medicine, pharmacology, medical sciences, and immunology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology; Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*
  17. Bioactive Metabolites of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K014 Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 and In Vitro Evaluation of Its Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities
    Mlambo LK, Abbasiliasi S, Tang HW, Ng ZJ, Parumasivam T, Hanafiah KM, et al.
    Curr Microbiol, 2022 Oct 17;79(12):359.
    PMID: 36251092 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03038-6
    This study aims to evaluate the effects of bioactive metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. A total of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against MRSA ATCC 43300, a skin pathogen that is highly resistant to most antibiotics. The K014 isolate from a fermented vegetable recorded the highest inhibition against MRSA ATCC 43300 at 91.93 ± 0.36%. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the K014 isolate is closely related to L. plantarum and the sequence was subsequently deposited in the GenBank database with an accession number of MW180960, named as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K014. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. plantarum K014 had tolerance to high temperature as well as acidic pH. The bioactive metabolites, such as hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid and hyaluronic acid, were produced by L. plantarum K014. Result from ABTS assay showed higher antioxidant activity (46.28%) as compared to that obtained by DPPH assay (2.97%). The CFS had showed anti-inflammatory activity for lipoxygenase (LOX) assay at 43.66%. The bioactive metabolites of L. plantarum K014 showed very promising potential to be used topical skin pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology; Lactic Acid/pharmacology
  18. Effects of steroid hormones on cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in the rat lung
    Nabishah BM, Khalid BA, Morat PB, Alias AK, Zainuddin M
    J Endocrinol, 1992 Jul;134(1):73-6.
    PMID: 1323640
    The possible role of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in mediating the action of steroid hormones was investigated using the rat lung. Male rats were adrenalectomized and treated with olive oil, dexamethasone, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) or progesterone. At the end of 10 days, 100 micrograms isoprenaline/kg was injected intraperitoneally 5 min before the animals were killed to stimulate cAMP production. Adrenalectomy significantly decreased cAMP levels in the rat lung. Dexamethasone and corticosterone pretreatment reversed the effect of adrenalectomy whereas progesterone pretreatment but not DOC pretreatment significantly decreased lung cAMP levels. Cyclic AMP levels in normal female rats, whether pregnant or not, were not significantly different from those in male rats. We concluded that the absence of glucocorticoid, as after adrenalectomy, decreased the cAMP levels in rat lungs and that this could be reversed by either dexamethasone or corticosterone replacement. Progesterone reduced the cAMP content in rat lungs by acting as a glucocorticoid antagonist or by acting directly via progesterone receptors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Corticosterone/pharmacology; Desoxycorticosterone/pharmacology; Dexamethasone/pharmacology; Isoproterenol/pharmacology; Pregnanes/pharmacology*; Progesterone/pharmacology
  19. In vitro susceptibilities of Malaysian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii to five antifungal drugs
    Tay ST, Tanty Haryanty T, Ng KP, Rohani MY, Hamimah H
    Mycoses, 2006 Jul;49(4):324-30.
    PMID: 16784448
    The in vitro susceptibilities of Malaysian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and C . gattii to five antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole) were determined using the Etest method. None of the Malaysian isolates was resistant to amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Isolates resistant to flucytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole were observed in this study. Minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of > or = 32 microg ml(-1) against flucytosine, > or = 64 microg ml(-1) against fluconazole and > or = 1 microg ml(-1) against itraconazole were noted in four (8.3%), two (4.2%) and one (2.1%) isolates respectively. There was no significant difference in the MICs for both Cryptococcus species (P > 0.05), indicating that C. gattii was as susceptible as var. grubii to all the antifungal drugs tested. No significant difference in the MICs for both Cryptococcus species collected from 1980 to 1990 and 2002 to 2004 were observed (P > 0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Amphotericin B/pharmacology; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Flucytosine/pharmacology; Ketoconazole/pharmacology; Fluconazole/pharmacology; Itraconazole/pharmacology
  20. Fulltext Protecting mechanism of Swietenia macrophylla ethanol extract nanoparticle on streptozotocin induced renal damage in rat
    Kurnijasanti R, Wardani G, Mustafa MR, Sudjarwo SA
    Open Vet J, 2023 Dec;13(12):1623-1630.
    PMID: 38292712 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.12
    BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to diabetic complications such as kidney cell damage. Antioxidant administration could inhibit ROS and kidney cell damage commonly seen in hyperglycemia.

    AIM: We want to demonstrate that the antioxidant properties of Swietenia macrophylla ethanol extract nanoparticles can prevent kidney cell damage brought on by streptozotocin (STZ) in the current investigation.

    METHODS: This study employs high-energy ball milling to produce nanoparticles from S. macrophylla extract. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) is utilized to characterize the nanoparticle sizes of the S. macrophylla ethanol extract. Five groups, each consisting of 8 rats, were formed from 40 rats. Control rats received distilled water, the diabetic rats were administered STZ injections, while S. macrophylla rats were given S. macrophylla extract nanoparticles orally and STZ injection. After the trial, blood from a rat was drawn intracardially to check the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were then assessed in kidney tissue samples. Histological alterations were evaluated in kidney section samples.

    RESULTS: A DLS analysis estimated the size of the S. macrophylla ethanol extract nanoparticles to be about 91.50 ± 23.06 nm. BUN and creatinine levels were significantly raised after STZ treatment. STZ significantly decreased SOD and GPx levels in kidney tissue while raising MDA levels (p < 0.05). Swietenia macrophylla ethanol extract nanoparticle caused the decreased levels of BUN and creatinine in blood to normal levels (p < 0.05), indicating that S. macrophylla ethanol extract prevented the STZ-induced kidney cell damage. Additionally, S. macrophylla nanoparticles significantly raise GPx and SOD levels in kidney tissue while lowering MDA levels (p < 0.05). These actions are thought to have prevented kidney histological alterations (degeneration and necrosis) in diabetic rats.

    CONCLUSION: According to these results, the anti-oxidative stress properties of S. macrophylla nanoparticles make them potentially effective nephroprotective therapies for STZ-induced kidney cell damage.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/pharmacology; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Creatinine/pharmacology; Streptozocin/pharmacology; Superoxide Dismutase/pharmacology; Reactive Oxygen Species/pharmacology
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