MyMedR

Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 437 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in adult Malaysian patients

Ismail R, Rahman AF

J Clin Pharm Ther, 1990 Dec;15(6):411-7.
PMID: 2089048

We reviewed our data from 122 records of patients taking phenytoin for the treatment of various types of epilepsy and selected 15 (age range 10-43 years old) who were on phenytoin alone to calculate Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetic parameters. The average Vm and Km for this age group was found to be 8.45 mg/kg/day and 6.72 mg/litre, respectively. Km was independent of age and weight. Vm correlated well with weight but there was no relationship with age.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext Mak nyahs in Malaysia: does HIV/AIDS knowledge really reduce HIV-related risk behaviours?

Maliya S., Zul A.R., Irwan, M.S., Irwan M.S., Samsul D., Zakiah M.S., et al.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(3):29-38.
MyJurnal

Introduction. Male-to-female transgender individuals are known as mak nyahs in Malaysia. Akin to many other countries, mak nyahs face discriminations in securing proper employment, thus many end up in sex trade, exposing them to HIV-related high risk behaviours. This paper aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and risk behaviours in HIV/AIDS among mak nyahs in Malaysia. Method. Validated questionnaires in local language were used. Knowledge, attitude, and HIV-related risk behaviours were measured. With respondent-driven sampling method, 54 subjects participated in the survey. IBM SPSS was used for data analysis. Results. Majority of the subjects reported to have HIV-related sexual risk, although only a quarter were sex workers. Misconceptions still remained among the subjects. Inconsistent condom use was common. Adequate knowledge did result in better attitude towards HIV/AIDS. However, multiple regression analysis showed that subjects with higher knowledge in HIV/AIDS tend to have higher sexual risks (β = 0.320, p = 0.030). Conclusion. Educating the transgender community about HIV/AIDS does not seem to adequately reduce the HIV-related sexual risks. Other approaches, i.e. socio-cultural values and religious practices may be effective to instil higher levels of awareness and self-responsibility in this community to eliminate HIVrelated high risk behaviours.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext Optimization for Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Cd(II) over Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Ionic Liquid Aliquat 336 with Tributyl Phosphate

Lee LY, Morad N, Ismail N, Talebi A, Rafatullah M

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Sep 18;21(18).
PMID: 32962106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186860

This study investigates the separation of two heavy metals, Cd(II) and Cu(II), from the mixed synthetic feed using a liquid-liquid extraction. The current study uses tri-octyl methylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) as the extractant (with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as a phase modifier), diluted in toluene, in order to investigate the selective extraction of Cd(II) over Cu(II) ions. We investigate the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a masking agent for Cu(II), when added in aqueous feed, for the selective extraction of Cd(II). Five factors that influence the selective extraction of Cd(II) over Cu(II) (the equilibrium pH (pHeq), Aliquat 336 concentration (Aliquat 336), TBP concentration (TBP), EDTA concentration (EDTA), and organic to aqueous ratio (O:A)) were analyzed. Results from a 25-1 fractional factorial design show that Aliquat 336 significantly influenced Cd(II) extraction, whereas EDTA was statistically significant for the antagonistic effect on the E% of Cu(II) in the same system. Moreover, results from optimization experiment showed that the optimum conditions are Aliquat 336 concentration of 99.64 mM and EDTA concentration of 48.86 mM-where 95.89% of Cd(II) was extracted with the least extracted Cu(II) of 0.59%. A second-order model was fitted for optimization of Cd(II) extraction with a R2 value of 0.998, and ANOVA results revealed that the model adequately fitted the data at a 5% significance level. Interaction between Aliquat 336 and Cd(II) has been proven via FTIR qualitative analysis, whereas the addition of TBP does not affect the extraction mechanism.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext DETERMINANT FACTORS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TERENGGANU

NUR ERNA ERLIANA SAMSUDIN, AZWADI ALI, ROSHAIZA TAHA

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):51-62.
MyJurnal

This study was conducted to assess how entrepreneurship experience, family background, and societal factors influence university students in Terengganu to embark on entrepreneurial activities. It cannot be denied that entrepreneurship exposure on campus may drive university students to engage in activities which may enhance their academic achievements in, boost confidence, and instill relevant qualities and skills to be successful graduates in the future. Such valuable experiences may be value added to the graduates. To see the impact of such an experience together with other relevant factors, this study has tested the relationship between entrepreneurship experience, family background, social factors and the subsequent effects among students of Universiti Malaysia Terengganu after graduation. The data were collected from 370 targeted respondents and were analysed using the multiple regression analysis. It was found that entrepreneurship experience and family background have significant relationships with entrepreneurship intention while societal factor was found to be insignificant.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Factors affecting health-related quality of life among patients with lower urinary tract symptoms

Quek KF

Int J Urol, 2005 Dec;12(12):1032-6.
PMID: 16409605

This study aimed to evaluate the association of factors such as pain, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), anxiety, depression and psychiatric morbidity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with LUTS.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext Frequencies of hepatitis B and C infections among haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in Asia-Pacific countries: analysis of registry data

Johnson DW, Dent H, Yao Q, Tranaeus A, Huang CC, Han DS, et al.

Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2009 May;24(5):1598-603.
PMID: 19096083 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn684

The impact of dialysis modality on the rates and types of infectious complications has not been well studied. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD) patients in the Asia-Pacific region.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Groundwater potential mapping using C5.0, random forest, and multivariate adaptive regression spline models in GIS

Golkarian A, Naghibi SA, Kalantar B, Pradhan B

Environ Monit Assess, 2018 Feb 17;190(3):149.
PMID: 29455381 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6507-8

Ever increasing demand for water resources for different purposes makes it essential to have better understanding and knowledge about water resources. As known, groundwater resources are one of the main water resources especially in countries with arid climatic condition. Thus, this study seeks to provide groundwater potential maps (GPMs) employing new algorithms. Accordingly, this study aims to validate the performance of C5.0, random forest (RF), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) algorithms for generating GPMs in the eastern part of Mashhad Plain, Iran. For this purpose, a dataset was produced consisting of spring locations as indicator and groundwater-conditioning factors (GCFs) as input. In this research, 13 GCFs were selected including altitude, slope aspect, slope angle, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), slope length, distance from rivers and faults, rivers and faults density, land use, and lithology. The mentioned dataset was divided into two classes of training and validation with 70 and 30% of the springs, respectively. Then, C5.0, RF, and MARS algorithms were employed using R statistical software, and the final values were transformed into GPMs. Finally, two evaluation criteria including Kappa and area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) were calculated. According to the findings of this research, MARS had the best performance with AUC-ROC of 84.2%, followed by RF and C5.0 algorithms with AUC-ROC values of 79.7 and 77.3%, respectively. The results indicated that AUC-ROC values for the employed models are more than 70% which shows their acceptable performance. As a conclusion, the produced methodology could be used in other geographical areas. GPMs could be used by water resource managers and related organizations to accelerate and facilitate water resource exploitation.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext Factors associated with poor academic achievement among urban primary school children in Malaysia

Ong LC, Chandran V, Lim YY, Chen AH, Poh BK

Singapore Med J, 2010 Mar;51(3):247-52.
PMID: 20428748

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with poor academic achievement during the early school years.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext Racial variations in tooth pain and care-seeking in adolescents in Malaysia

Tay K, Beh CLJ, Babar MG, Kweh TJ, Priya E, Pau A

BDJ Open, 2021 Jan 19;7(1):2.
PMID: 33469006 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-021-00058-5

OBJECTIVE: Tooth pain among adolescents is a common event that impacts substantially on quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of race in the tooth pain experience and associated care-seeking.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 14-18 years from four different public schools in Kuala Lumpur. Socio-demographic, pain symptoms, and social impacts data were collected as well as medication use and visiting a dentist for tooth pain.
RESULTS: Of 1473 questionnaires distributed, 1452 (98.6%) completed questionnaires were returned, with 269 (18.5%) reported having experienced tooth pain in the past 1 month. Those who identified as Indian (26.1%) were more likely to report tooth pain compared to Chinese (16.5%) and Malay (20.9%). In regression analysis, no factors were identified as independently associated with medication use, but Chinese and Indians compared to Malays, and those expressing difficulty sleeping were more likely to report visiting a dentist for treatment.
CONCLUSION: Racial variations in the tooth pain experience and care-seeking have been identified. This may be related to socio-economic status, but further research is needed on the role of culture-related care-seeking and accessibility of dental services.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Trait driving anger and driving styles among Colombian professional drivers

Useche SA, Cendales B, Alonso F, Montoro L, Pastor JC

Heliyon, 2019 Aug;5(8):e02259.
PMID: 31440599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02259

This study analyzes the association between trait driving anger and driving styles in a sample of Colombian professional drivers. Additionally, the internal and external validity of the Deffenbacher's Driving Anger Scale (DAS-14) was examined in the study population. The DAS-14 and the Spanish Version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (S-MDSI) were administered to 492 urban bus and taxi operators. Average trait driving anger scores in the study population were similar to those reported in previous validation studies from Spain, Argentina, China, and Malaysia. After deleting three cross-loaded items, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a three-dimensional latent structure for the DAS-14, similar but not equal to the previous Spanish speaking validations. This factorial structure fits the data reasonably well. Finally, linear regression analyses revealed that the three factors of the DAS-14 (impeded progress by others, illegal driving, and direct hostility) significantly predict adaptive and maladaptive driving styles. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the DAS-14 is a reasonably reliable measure of driving anger traits among professional drivers, and it also provides relevant insights for the prevention of risky driving styles in this occupational group.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext Cardiac Iodine-123-Meta-Iodo-Benzylguanidine Uptake in Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity

Tan MP, Murray A, Hawkins T, Chadwick TJ, Kerr SR, Parry SW

PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0126241.
PMID: 26057525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126241

Carotid sinus syndrome is the association of carotid sinus hypersensitivity with syncope, unexplained falls and drop attacks in generally older people. We evaluated cardiac sympathetic innervation in this disorder in individuals with carotid sinus syndrome, asymptomatic carotid sinus hypersensitivity and controls without carotid sinus hypersensitivity.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Healthy dietary habits score as an indicator of diet quality in New Zealand adolescents

Wong JE, Skidmore PM, Williams SM, Parnell WR

J Nutr, 2014 Jun;144(6):937-42.
PMID: 24744308 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.188375

Adoption of optimal dietary habits during adolescence is associated with better health outcomes later in life. However, the associations between a pattern of healthy dietary habits encapsulated in an index and sociodemographic and nutrient intake have not been examined among adolescents. This study aimed to develop a behavior-based diet index and examine its validity in relation to sociodemographic factors, nutrient intakes, and biomarkers in a representative sample of New Zealand (NZ) adolescents aged 15-18 y (n = 694). A 17-item Healthy Dietary Habits Score for Adolescents (HDHS-A) was developed based on dietary habits information from the 2008/2009 NZ Adult Nutrition Survey. Post hoc trend analyses were used to identify the associations between HDHS-A score and nutrient intakes estimated by single 24-h diet recalls and selected nutritional biomarkers. Being female, not of Maori or Pacific ethnicity, and living in the least-deprived socioeconomic quintile were associated with a higher HDHS-A score (all P < 0.001). HDHS-A tertile was associated positively with intake of protein, dietary fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and lactose and negatively with sucrose. Associations in the expected directions were also found with most micronutrients (P < 0.05), urinary sodium (P < 0.001), whole blood (P < 0.05), serum (P < 0.01), and RBC folate (P < 0.05) concentrations. This suggests that the HDHS-A is a valid indicator of diet quality among NZ adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Racial background is a determinant factor in the maintenance dosage of warfarin

Gan GG, Teh A, Goh KY, Chong HT, Pang KW

Int J Hematol, 2003 Jul;78(1):84-6.
PMID: 12894858

Warfarin is a drug commonly used in the prevention of thromboembolic events. There have been reports suggesting that racial background may influence warfarin dose requirements. Malaysia is a multiracial country in which there are 3 major races, Malay, Chinese, and Indian. We examined 100 patients from our hospital on stable maintenance doses of warfarin, with international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0 to 3.5. We found that the mean warfarin dose for Indian patients (n = 19) was 6.9 mg, for Chinese patients (n = 55) was 3.6 mg, and for Malay patients (n = 26) was 3.2 mg. The results showed that the Indian patients required a statistically significantly higher warfarin dose than did patients of the other 2 races (P < .0005). Age was also found to affect the daily warfarin maintenance dose.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Maternal adiposity and blood pressure in pregnancy: varying relations by ethnicity and gestational diabetes

Lim WY, Kwek K, Chong YS, Lee YS, Yap F, Chan YH, et al.

J Hypertens, 2014 Apr;32(4):857-64.
PMID: 24390251 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000096

OBJECTIVE: Greater maternal adiposity is a potentially modifiable risk factor for elevated blood pressure during pregnancy; however, the association has been little studied in Asian populations, and no study has evaluated potential differences in the adiposity-blood pressure relation between ethnic groups or interaction with gestational diabetes.

METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of a Singapore mother-offspring cohort comprising 799 pregnant Chinese, Malay and Indian women. Data on body weight, height, skinfold thickness and glycaemia (oral glucose tolerance test) were collected during the 2nd trimester; peripheral SBP and DBP were measured using an oscillometric device and central pressures by noninvasive radial applanation tonometry. The associations between adiposity measures BMI and sum of skinfold thickness and blood pressure outcomes were examined by linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders.

RESULTS: Higher maternal BMI was associated with elevated peripheral and central pressures: the increases in pressure (mmHg) for each kg/m(2) increase in BMI were 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.36) for peripheral SBP, 0.76 (0.63-0.89) for peripheral DBP, 1.02 (0.87-1.17) for central systolic pressure and 0.26 (0.16-0.37) for central pulse pressure. The associations were generally stronger in Chinese women (P-interaction = 0.03 for central pulse pressure) and individuals with gestational diabetes (P-interaction = 0.03 for DBP and P-interaction = 0.046 for central systolic pressure). Similar patterns of results were found when using skinfold thickness as the measure of adiposity.

CONCLUSION: Maternal adiposity is associated with higher peripheral and central blood pressures during pregnancy. Stronger associations in Chinese women and individuals with gestational diabetes warrant further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Neural network classification of autoregressive features from electroencephalogram signals for brain-computer interface design

Huan NJ, Palaniappan R

J Neural Eng, 2004 Sep;1(3):142-50.
PMID: 15876633

In this paper, we have designed a two-state brain-computer interface (BCI) using neural network (NN) classification of autoregressive (AR) features from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals extracted during mental tasks. The main purpose of the study is to use Keirn and Aunon's data to investigate the performance of different mental task combinations and different AR features for BCI design for individual subjects. In the experimental study, EEG signals from five mental tasks were recorded from four subjects. Different combinations of two mental tasks were studied for each subject. Six different feature extraction methods were used to extract the features from the EEG signals: AR coefficients computed with Burg's algorithm, AR coefficients computed with a least-squares (LS) algorithm and adaptive autoregressive (AAR) coefficients computed with a least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. All the methods used order six applied to 125 data points and these three methods were repeated with the same data but with segmentation into five segments in increments of 25 data points. The multilayer perceptron NN trained by the back-propagation algorithm (MLP-BP) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to classify the computed features into different categories that represent the mental tasks. We compared the classification performances among the six different feature extraction methods. The results showed that sixth-order AR coefficients with the LS algorithm without segmentation gave the best performance (93.10%) using MLP-BP and (97.00%) using LDA. The results also showed that the segmentation and AAR methods are not suitable for this set of EEG signals. We conclude that, for different subjects, the best mental task combinations are different and proper selection of mental tasks and feature extraction methods are essential for the BCI design.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Risk factors associated with unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Malaysian neonates

Wong F, Boo N, Othman A

J Trop Pediatr, 2013 Aug;59(4):280-5.
PMID: 23640907 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmt023

To investigate the risk factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Malaysian neonates.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study

Elmi SA, Simons D, Elton L, Haider N, Abdel Hamid MM, Shuaib YA, et al.

Antibiotics (Basel), 2021 Jan 26;10(2).
PMID: 33530462 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020117

Antimicrobial resistance is of concern to global health security worldwide. We aimed to identify the prevalence, resistance patterns, and risk factors associated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistance from poultry farms in Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang states of east coast peninsular Malaysia. Between 8 February 2019 and 23 February 2020, a total of 371 samples (cloacal swabs = 259; faecal = 84; Sewage = 14, Tap water = 14) were collected. Characteristics of the sampled farms including management type, biosecurity, and history of disease were obtained using semi-structured questionnaire. Presumptive E. coli isolates were identified based on colony morphology with subsequent biochemical and PCR confirmation. Susceptibility of isolates was tested against a panel of 12 antimicrobials and interpreted alongside risk factor data obtained from the surveys. We isolated 717 E. coli samples from poultry and environmental samples. Our findings revealed that cloacal (17.8%, 46/259), faecal (22.6%, 19/84), sewage (14.3%, 2/14) and tap water (7.1%, 1/14) were significantly (p < 0.003) resistant to at least three classes of antimicrobials. Resistance to tetracycline class were predominantly observed in faecal samples (69%, 58/84), followed by cloacal (64.1%, 166/259), sewage (35.7%, 5/14), and tap water (7.1%, 1/84), respectively. Sewage water (OR = 7.22, 95% CI = 0.95-151.21) had significant association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) acquisition. Multivariate regression analysis identified that the risk factors including sewage samples (OR = 7.43, 95% CI = 0.96-156.87) and farm size are leading drivers of E. coli antimicrobial resistance in the participating states of east coast peninsular Malaysia. We observed that the resistance patterns of E. coli isolates against 12 panel antimicrobials are generally similar in all selected states of east coast peninsular Malaysia. The highest prevalence of resistance was recorded in tetracycline (91.2%), oxytetracycline (89.1%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73.1%), doxycycline (63%), and sulfamethoxazole (63%). A close association between different risk factors and the high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains reflects increased exposure to resistant bacteria and suggests a concern over rising misuse of veterinary antimicrobials that may contribute to the future threat of emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogen isolates. Public health interventions to limit antimicrobial resistance need to be tailored to local poultry farm practices that affect bacterial transmission.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: a comparative analysis of nurses working in Malaysia and England

Ahmad N, Oranye NO

J Nurs Manag, 2010 Jul;18(5):582-91.
PMID: 20636507 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01093.x

AIMS: To examine the relationships between nurses' empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in culturally and developmentally different societies.
BACKGROUND: Employment and retention of sufficient and well-committed nursing staff are essential for providing safe and effective health care. In light of this, nursing leaders have been searching for ways to re-engineer the healthcare system particularly by providing an environment that is conducive to staff empowerment, job satisfaction and commitment.
METHODS: This is a descriptive correlational survey of 556 registered nurses (RNs) in two teaching hospitals in England and Malaysia.
RESULTS: Although the Malaysian nurses felt more empowered and committed to their organization, the English nurses were more satisfied with their job.
CONCLUSION: The differences between these two groups of nurses show that empowerment does not generate the same results in all countries, and reflects empirical evidence from most cross cultural studies on empowerment.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing management should always take into consideration cultural differences in empowerment, job satisfaction and commitment of nursing staff while formulating staff policies.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Fulltext Sleep disturbances in Malaysian children with cerebral palsy

Atmawidjaja RW, Wong SW, Yang WW, Ong LC

Dev Med Child Neurol, 2014 Jul;56(7):681-5.
PMID: 24528212 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12399

The aim of the study was to compare the frequency and type of sleep disturbances in a group of Malaysian children aged 4 to 18 years with cerebral palsy (CP) with their nearest-age, able-bodied siblings and to identify factors associated with sleep disturbances.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis
Predictions of biochar production and torrefaction performance from sugarcane bagasse using interpolation and regression analysis

Chen WH, Hsu HJ, Kumar G, Budzianowski WM, Ong HC

Bioresour Technol, 2017 Dec;246:12-19.
PMID: 28803060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.184

This study focuses on the biochar formation and torrefaction performance of sugarcane bagasse, and they are predicted using the bilinear interpolation (BLI), inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation, and regression analysis. It is found that the biomass torrefied at 275°C for 60min or at 300°C for 30min or longer is appropriate to produce biochar as alternative fuel to coal with low carbon footprint, but the energy yield from the torrefaction at 300°C is too low. From the biochar yield, enhancement factor of HHV, and energy yield, the results suggest that the three methods are all feasible for predicting the performance, especially for the enhancement factor. The power parameter of unity in the IDW method provides the best predictions and the error is below 5%. The second order in regression analysis gives a more reasonable approach than the first order, and is recommended for the predictions.

Matched MeSH terms: Regression Analysis

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links