Displaying publications 1381 - 1400 of 6769 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Towards fast and cost-effective up-scaling of Nano-encapsulations by Ionic-gelation method using model drug for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
    Siddique MI, Tufail S, Ker ZH, Khan TM, Rasool F, Sohail MF, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019 Sep;32(5(Supplementary)):2299-2304.
    PMID: 31894058
    Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have proven their excellent drug delivery potential through various routes of administration and therefore, the need for large scale production of CSNPs for the commercialization is paramount. Their particle size and surface charge, drug loading capacity, and morphology were characterized in this study. Finally, drug release studies of both continuous and scalable modes were undertaken to ascertain suitability of CSNPs as a carrier for HC. The particle size of the large and small scale of HC-CSNPs was 253.3±16.4 nm and 225.4 ±9.6 nm, respectively. Besides, the surface charge of the large and small scale of HC-CSNPs was +35.3±0.3 mV and +32.6±2.5 mV, respectively. The size and surface charge of both HC-CSNPs were not proven to be statistically different. Drug loading capacity of large and small scale production of HC-CSNPs was high with 89%, and 83% of HC was loaded into CSNPs, respectively. Moreover, the morphology of both large and small scale production of HC-CSNPs had a similar shape and particle size. The drug release profile of CSNPs prepared by both methods showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage release as compared to the free form. It is expected that positively charged nano-sized HC-CSNPs with high drug loading capacity could enhance the efficiency of drug delivery system to carry and diffuse into the target cells. The results obtained also suggested that the modified method applied could be further developed for large scale production of HC-CSNPs.
  2. Fulltext Isoniazid Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles Loaded with Amphotericin B as a Potent Antiamoebic Agent against Acanthamoeba castellanii
    Iqbal K, Abdalla SAO, Anwar A, Iqbal KM, Shah MR, Anwar A, et al.
    Antibiotics (Basel), 2020 May 25;9(5).
    PMID: 32466210 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050276
    The pathogenic free-living amoeba, Acanthamoeba castellanii, is responsible for a rare but deadly central nervous system infection, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and a blinding eye disease called Acanthamoeba keratitis. Currently, a combination of biguanides, amidine, azoles and antibiotics are used to manage these infections; however, the host cell cytotoxicity of these drugs remains a challenge. Furthermore, Acanthamoeba species are capable of transforming to the cyst form to resist chemotherapy. Herein, we have developed a nano drug delivery system based on iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with isoniazid, which were further loaded with amphotericin B (ISO-NPs-AMP) to cause potent antiamoebic effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii. The IC50 of isoniazid conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles and loaded with amphotericin B was found to be 45 μg/mL against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and 50 μg/mL against cysts. The results obtained in this study have promising implications in drug discovery as these nanomaterials exhibited high trophicidal and cysticidal effects, as well as limited cytotoxicity against rat and human cells.
  3. Antiamoebic activity of 3-aryl-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one library against Acanthamoeba castellanii
    Shahbaz MS, Anwar A, Saad SM, Kanwal, Anwar A, Khan KM, et al.
    Parasitol Res, 2020 Jul;119(7):2327-2335.
    PMID: 32476058 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06710-7
    Acanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living amoeba which can cause a blinding keratitis and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. The treatment of Acanthamoeba infections is challenging due to formation of cyst. Quinazolinones are medicinally important scaffold against parasitic diseases. A library of nineteen new 3-aryl-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives was synthesized to evaluate their antiamoebic activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii. One-pot synthesis of 3-aryl-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-ones (1-19) was achieved by reaction of 2-amino-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, trimethoxymethane, and different substituted anilines. These compounds were purified and characterized by standard chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Antiacanthamoebic activity of these compounds was determined by amoebicidal, encystation, excystation and host cell cytopathogenicity in vitro assays at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL. The IC50 was found to be between 100 and 50 μg/mL for all the compounds except compound 5 which did not exhibit amoebicidal effects at these concentrations. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase assay was also performed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of these compounds against human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. The results revealed that eighteen out of nineteen derivatives of quinazolinones significantly decreased the viability of A. castellanii. Furthermore, eighteen out of nineteen tested compounds inhibited the encystation and excystation, as well as significantly reduced the A. castellanii-mediated cytopathogenicity against human cells. Interestingly, while tested against human normal cell line HaCaT keratinocytes, all compounds did not exhibit any overt cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a detailed structure-activity relationship is also studied to optimize the most potent hit from these synthetic compounds. This report presents several potential lead compounds belonging to 3-aryl-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives for drug discovery against infections caused by Acanthamoeba castellanii.
  4. Fulltext Prediction of groundwater contaminants from cattle farm using visual MODFLOW
    Mohammad Nazri Ebrahim, Hasfalina Che Man, Mohamed Azwan Mohamed Zawawi, Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2019;27(4):2256-2279.
    MyJurnal
    Livestock operation activities such as cleaning operation, feeding, milking and manure disposal are potential sources of contaminants into nearby surface and groundwater. In this study, the number of wastes generated from a cattle farm in Ladang 16 UPM, Serdang Selangor was estimated. Two monitoring wells were constructed at the site for groundwater quality monitoring assessment. The concentration of pollutants such as Potassium, Nitrate, and Copper was used in the simulation as an initial waste state. The simulation was conducted using Visual MODFLOW Software to predict the contaminants in groundwater. The aim was to predict the concentration of the pollutants distributed in groundwater and surface water sources in 365 days. Results of MODFLOW simulation showed that the flow of groundwater was in the direction towards the pond. The concentrations of Potassium, Nitrate, and Copper were predicted to accumulate in the groundwater to the pond within a year but the values were still below the drinking water standard. The groundwater contaminants could be due to seepage from the manure storage basin through subsoil into the shallow aquifer.
  5. Fulltext Hydrological response of semi-arid river catchment to rainfall and temperature fluctuations
    Da’u Abba Umar, Mohammad Firuz Ramli, Ahmad Zaharin Aris, Muhammad Amar Zaudi
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2019;27(4):2333-2349.
    MyJurnal
    Determining the response of basin water resources to rainfall and temperature fluctuations is a crucial source of information for basins water resources planning and management. The study used a descriptive, Mann-Kendall trend test (M-K) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The mean, standard deviations and variations were spatially interpolated using the geostatistical technique. The trend results showed an increase in both rainfall and temperature series. However, the only statistically significant trends were in June and September for rainfall series and in February, May, and April for the temperature series. Rainfall exhibited high temporal variability whereas temperature showed high spatial variability. The intra-annual variability was higher than the inter-annual variability, suggesting that the local climate is largely controlled by natural force. The result of the multiple linear regression (R2=0.431), indicates that the hydrology and water resources of the basin are impacted largely by factors not considered in this study such as land use changes, infiltration, and rate of evaporation among others. However, among the factor considered, rainfall (Beta = 0.505; P = 001) has the highest impacts on the river discharge behavior and should be given preference while addressing water resources predicaments in the catchment.
  6. Fulltext Difficult retrieval of glass bottle in the rectum: how the story end?
    Fitreena Anis Amran, Mohamad Faiz Hafizi Mansor, Muhammad Syafiq Abdul Razak, Mohd Fahmey Sabudin
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(109):207-209.
    MyJurnal
    Rectal foreign body is not an uncommon encounter in current medical practice. It reported occurs due to sexual erot- icism, sexually abuse, assault or involuntary insertion. This condition possesses significant challenge among general surgeons on handling these cases. Diagnosis usually made by history taking, physical and radiological examination. We presented a case of a 43years old mentally challenge gentleman with retained rectal foreign body of three-week duration whom presented with non-specific abdominal pain, abdominal mass and loose stool. Due to low suspicion of rectal foreign body, the management flow skid from the norm. Attempt of removing rectal foreign body by various method was unsuccessful and his had to undergone exploratory laparotomy. Hence, propose flow of management in rectal foreign body is also included in this report.
  7. Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practice towards available anti-smoking campaign among adults in Kuantan
    Mohamad Helmy Jaafar, Normalina Alias, Afzan Mat Yusof, Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(3):61-66.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the association between knowledge, attitude and practice among Kuantan community towards anti-smoking campaign. An anti-smoking campaign can be referred to as a series of ads programs that are introduced through various objective approaches to give awareness to people on the negative impacts of smoking behavior. The objectives of this study are (i) to investigate the association between so- cio-demographic data (gender, income, education level) and level of knowledge towards anti-smoking campaign; (ii) to find out the association between socio-demographic data (gender, income, education level) and level of attitude against anti-smoking campaigns; (iii) to study the association between socio-demographic data (gender, income, education level) and level of practice towards anti-smoking campaigns; and (iv) to find out the correlation between level of knowledge with level of attitude, level of knowledge with level of practice, and level of attitude with level of practice towards anti-smoking campaigns. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Kuantan community and convenience sampling was used to collect the data. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS and association of variables was an- alysed using Chi-square test. Results: This study found that level of knowledge did not affect the attitude level of the community. However, level of knowledge did affect the level of practice towards the anti-smoking campaign. Conclusion: It revealed that respondents with high level of knowledge also had good level of practice towards an- ti-smoking campaign.
  8. Fulltext LARP2 DNA methylation in transfusion-dependent Haemoglobin E-Beta (HbE/β) and β-thalassaemia major patients
    Mohd Yassim Haiyuni, Sudin Aziee, Ariffin Nasir, Wan Zaidah Abdullah, Muhammad Farid Johan
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(3):46-53.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The large clinical spectrum of haemoglobin E-beta (HbE/β) thalassaemia leads to the investigation of complex mechanisms involved in erythropoiesis. DNA methylation in LARP2 is one of the potential epigenetic mod- ifiers not fully explored in HbE/β and β-thalassaemia major. This study aimed to analyse DNA methylation profile and gene expression of LARP2 using peripheral blood (PB) in nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) for the source of DNA of HbE/β- and β-thalassaemia major patients. Methods: PB were collected from 33 transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients from Hospital USM and Hospital RPZII, Kelantan, Malaysia. DNA methylation profile and gene expression of LARP2 were examined by bisulphite sequencing PCR and quantitative real-time PCR respectively. Results: Par- tial DNA methylation of LARP2 was observed in 43% (9/21) HbE/β- and 17% (2/12) β-thalassaemia major patients. LARP2 expression (1.49±26.60) in HbE/β-thalassaemia was not significant against normal controls and β-thalassae- mia major (p>0.05). In contrast, LARP2 expression (6.8±16.42) in β-thalassaemia major showed a significant up-reg- ulation against normal controls (p
  9. Fulltext Radiation dose comparison in CT thorax, CT abdomen and CT thorax-abdomen-pelvis (TAP) using 640-and 160-slice computed tomography (CT) scanners
    Gan, Ying Shen, Akmal Sabarudin, Hamzaini Abdul Hamid, Mazli Mohd Zain, Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2020;18(1):29-36.
    MyJurnal
    This study was carried out to compare the effective dose, size specific dose estimation (SSDE) and scan length between genders and between CT scanner with different slice number. A total of 245 set data of radiation dose and scan length for CT scanning procedure involving thorax, abdomen and pelvis regions were obtained retrospectively for comparisons. 111 patients (60 males and 51 females) were scanned using 160-slices CT scanner while 134 patients (71 males and 63 females) were scanned using 640-slices CT scanner. Generally, there were no significant differences in the radiation dose and scan length among genders. However, differences for SSDE in CT thorax and CT thorax-abdomen-pelvis (TAP) protocols exist whereby in CT thorax protocol, 640-slices CT scanner had a significantly higher value of SSDE (9.06±2.67 mGy) than that in 160-slices CT scanner (7.82±1.33 mGy). Similarly to the CT TAP protocol, whereby 640-slices CT scanner had a significantly lower value in SSDE (9.17±1.59 mGy) than that in 160-slices CT scanner (10.76±3.72 mGy). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the radiation dose and scan length between genders but significant difference was only observed in SSDE due to the presence of body size variation among the study population especially in different CT scanners.

  10. Fulltext Movie Review Summarization Using Supervised Learning and Graph-Based Ranking Algorithm
    Khan A, Gul MA, Zareei M, Biswal RR, Zeb A, Naeem M, et al.
    Comput Intell Neurosci, 2020;2020:7526580.
    PMID: 32565772 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7526580
    With the growing information on web, online movie review is becoming a significant information resource for Internet users. However, online users post thousands of movie reviews on daily basis and it is hard for them to manually summarize the reviews. Movie review mining and summarization is one of the challenging tasks in natural language processing. Therefore, an automatic approach is desirable to summarize the lengthy movie reviews, and it will allow users to quickly recognize the positive and negative aspects of a movie. This study employs a feature extraction technique called bag of words (BoW) to extract features from movie reviews and represent the reviews as a vector space model or feature vector. The next phase uses Naïve Bayes machine learning algorithm to classify the movie reviews (represented as feature vector) into positive and negative. Next, an undirected weighted graph is constructed from the pairwise semantic similarities between classified review sentences in such a way that the graph nodes represent review sentences, while the edges of graph indicate semantic similarity weight. The weighted graph-based ranking algorithm (WGRA) is applied to compute the rank score for each review sentence in the graph. Finally, the top ranked sentences (graph nodes) are chosen based on highest rank scores to produce the extractive summary. Experimental results reveal that the proposed approach is superior to other state-of-the-art approaches.
  11. Fulltext Multivariate Analysis Coupled with M-SVM Classification for Lard Adulteration Detection in Meat Mixtures of Beef, Lamb, and Chicken Using FTIR Spectroscopy
    Siddiqui MA, Khir MHM, Witjaksono G, Ghumman ASM, Junaid M, Magsi SA, et al.
    Foods, 2021 Oct 11;10(10).
    PMID: 34681455 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102405
    Adulteration of meat products is a delicate issue for people around the globe. The mixing of lard in meat causes a significant problem for end users who are sensitive to halal meat consumption. Due to the highly similar lipid profiles of meat species, the identification of adulteration becomes more difficult. Therefore, a comprehensive spectral detailing of meat species is required, which can boost the adulteration detection process. The experiment was conducted by distributing samples labeled as "Pure (80 samples)" and "Adulterated (90 samples)". Lard was mixed with the ratio of 10-50% v/v with beef, lamb, and chicken samples to obtain adulterated samples. Functional groups were discovered for pure pork, and two regions of difference (RoD) at wavenumbers 1700-1800 cm-1 and 2800-3000 cm-1 were identified using absorbance values from the FTIR spectrum for all samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) described the studied adulteration using three principal components with an explained variance of 97.31%. The multiclass support vector machine (M-SVM) was trained to identify the sample class values as pure and adulterated clusters. The acquired overall classification accuracy for a cluster of pure samples was 81.25%, whereas when the adulteration ratio was above 10%, 71.21% overall accuracy was achieved for a group of adulterated samples. Beef and lamb samples for both adulterated and pure classes had the highest classification accuracy value of 85%, whereas chicken had the lowest value of 78% for each category. This paper introduces a comprehensive spectrum analysis for pure and adulterated samples of beef, chicken, lamb, and lard. Moreover, we present a rapid M-SVM model for an accurate classification of lard adulteration in different samples despite its low-level presence.
  12. Resource Allocation Schemes for 5G Network: A Systematic Review
    Kamal MA, Raza HW, Alam MM, Su'ud MM, Sajak ABAB
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Oct 02;21(19).
    PMID: 34640908 DOI: 10.3390/s21196588
    Fifth-generation (5G) communication technology is intended to offer higher data rates, outstanding user exposure, lower power consumption, and extremely short latency. Such cellular networks will implement a diverse multi-layer model comprising device-to-device networks, macro-cells, and different categories of small cells to assist customers with desired quality-of-service (QoS). This multi-layer model affects several studies that confront utilizing interference management and resource allocation in 5G networks. With the growing need for cellular service and the limited resources to provide it, capably handling network traffic and operation has become a problem of resource distribution. One of the utmost serious problems is to alleviate the jamming in the network in support of having a better QoS. However, although a limited number of review papers have been written on resource distribution, no review papers have been written specifically on 5G resource allocation. Hence, this article analyzes the issue of resource allocation by classifying the various resource allocation schemes in 5G that have been reported in the literature and assessing their ability to enhance service quality. This survey bases its discussion on the metrics that are used to evaluate network performance. After consideration of the current evidence on resource allocation methods in 5G, the review hopes to empower scholars by suggesting future research areas on which to focus.
  13. Fulltext A Multiobjective, Lion Mating Optimization Inspired Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Sensor Network Based Healthcare Applications
    Faheem M, Butt RA, Raza B, Alquhayz H, Abbas MZ, Ngadi MA, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Nov 20;19(23).
    PMID: 31757104 DOI: 10.3390/s19235072
    The importance of body area sensor networks (BASNs) is increasing day by day because of their increasing use in Internet of things (IoT)-enabled healthcare application services. They help humans in improving their quality of life by continuously monitoring various vital signs through biosensors strategically placed on the human body. However, BASNs face serious challenges, in terms of the short life span of their batteries and unreliable data transmission, because of the highly unstable and unpredictable channel conditions of tiny biosensors located on the human body. These factors may result in poor data gathering quality in BASNs. Therefore, a more reliable data transmission mechanism is greatly needed in order to gather quality data in BASN-based healthcare applications. Therefore, this study proposes a novel, multiobjective, lion mating optimization inspired routing protocol, called self-organizing multiobjective routing protocol (SARP), for BASN-based IoT healthcare applications. The proposed routing scheme significantly reduces local search problems and finds the best dynamic cluster-based routing solutions between the source and destination in BASNs. Thus, it significantly improves the overall packet delivery rate, residual energy, and throughput with reduced latency and packet error rates in BASNs. Extensive simulation results validate the performance of our proposed SARP scheme against the existing routing protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio, latency, packet error rate, throughput, and energy efficiency for BASN-based health monitoring applications.
  14. REPORT - Synthesis of promising antibacterial and antifungal agents: 2-[[(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfonyl](2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)amino]-N-(un/substituted-phenyl)acetamides
    Abbasi MA, Irshad M, Aziz-Ur-Rehman -, Siddiqui SZ, Nazir M, Ali Shah SA, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Sep;33(5):2161-2170.
    PMID: 33824125
    In the presented work, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-amine (1) was reacted with 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) in presence of aqueous basic aqueous medium to obtain 4-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)benzenesulfonamide (3). In parallel, various un/substituted anilines (4a-l) were treated with bromoacetyl bromide (5) in basified aqueous medium to obtain corresponding 2-bromo-N-(un/substituted)phenylacetamides (6a-l) as electrophiles. Then the compound 3 was finally reacted with these electrophiles, 6a-l, in dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and lithium hydride as base and activator to synthesize a variety of 2-[[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl](2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)amino]-N-(un/substituted)phenylacetamides (7a-l). The synthesized compounds were corroborated by IR, 1H-NMR and EI-MS spectral data for structural confirmations. These molecules were then evaluated for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities along with their %age hemolytic activity. Some compounds were found to have suitable antibacterial and antifungal potential, especially the compound 2-[[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl](2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)amino]-N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (7l) exhibited good antimicrobial potential with low value of % hemolytic activity.
  15. Fulltext A preliminary studies to assess public knowledge of beach safety in east coast Malaysia
    Mohammed Isa NA, Ramli MZ, Che Othman SF, Yusof MZ
    Nat Hazards (Dordr), 2021;107(1):873-887.
    PMID: 33612968 DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04613-z
    Rip currents are one of the coastal hazards that put Malaysian beachgoers in a risky position. Most of the drowning accidents that occur at beaches worldwide are closely associated with this phenomenon. Research on rip currents is needed to build an effective measuring tool to overcome these issues. However, to date, research on rip currents is mainly focused on its physical aspects, commonly concentrating on the processes that influence and relate to the rips' generation. As an effort to minimize the negative consequences exerted by the rips, there is an urgent need to enhance the rip-related research in the social sciences field. Comprehensive research that includes all fields might produce more beneficial and reliable information. Therefore, this study intends to examine the level of public understanding of rip currents and beach safety knowledge of the Teluk Cempedak Beach. A questionnaire comprising 5 sections and 31 questions was developed as the primary tool in this study. A total of 60 beachgoers have been surveyed for this preliminary study through a questionnaire to investigate their demographic profile, frequency of visiting the beach, swimming ability, and their knowledge of rip currents and beach safety. The results show that the beachgoers have poor knowledge of rip currents. Conversely, they are observed to have higher beach safety knowledge. Also, the findings help in filling the research gaps of this study in terms of the instrument used for the data collection procedure. Above all, an extension of this study may contribute to the development of beneficial tools in assessing public knowledge on beach safety and rip currents throughout Malaysian beaches.

    Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s11069-021-04613-z).

  16. Fulltext The Adipokine Component in the Molecular Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Proliferation and Metastasis
    Umar MI, Hassan W, Murtaza G, Buabeid M, Arafa E, Irfan HM, et al.
    Pathol Oncol Res, 2021;27:1609828.
    PMID: 34588926 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609828
    A hormonal imbalance may disrupt the rigorously monitored cellular microenvironment by hampering the natural homeostatic mechanisms. The most common example of such hormonal glitch could be seen in obesity where the uprise in adipokine levels is in virtue of the expanding bulk of adipose tissue. Such aberrant endocrine signaling disrupts the regulation of cellular fate, rendering the cells to live in a tumor supportive microenvironment. Previously, it was believed that the adipokines support cancer proliferation and metastasis with no direct involvement in neoplastic transformations and tumorigenesis. However, the recent studies have reported discrete mechanisms that establish the direct involvement of adipokine signaling in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the individual adipokine profile of the patients has never been considered in the prognosis and staging of the disease. Hence, the present manuscript has focused on the reported extensive mechanisms that culminate the basis of poor prognosis and diminished survival rate in obese cancer patients.
  17. Fabrication and characterization of matrix type transdermal patches loaded with tizanidine hydrochloride: potential sustained release delivery system
    Shahid N, Siddique MI, Razzaq Z, Katas H, Waqas MK, Rahman KU
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2018 Dec;44(12):2061-2070.
    PMID: 30081679 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1509081
    OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to optimize and develop matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) containing tizanidine hydrochloride (TZH) using different polymers by solvent evaporation method.

    SIGNIFICANCE: A strong need exists for the development of transdermal patch having improved bioavailability at the site of action with fewer side effects at off-target organs.

    METHODS: The patches were physically characterized by texture analysis (color, flexibility, smoothness, transparency, and homogeneity), in vitro dissolution test and FTIR analysis. Furthermore, functional properties essential for TDDS, in vitro percentage of moisture content, percentage of water uptake, in vitro permeation by following different kinetic models, in vivo drug content estimation and skin irritation were determined using rabbit skin.

    RESULTS: The optimized patches were soft, of uniform texture and thickness as well as pliable in nature. Novel transdermal patch showed ideal characteristics in terms of moisture content and water uptake. FTIR analysis confirmed no interaction between TZH and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). The patch showed sustained release of the drug which increased the availability of short acting TZH at the site of action. The patch also showed its biocompatibility to the in vivo model of rabbit skin.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that topically applied transdermal patch will be a potential medicated sustain release patch for muscle pain which will improve patient compliance.

  18. Occurrence, abundance, and distribution of microplastics pollution: an evidence in surface tropical water of Klang River estuary, Malaysia
    Zaki MRM, Ying PX, Zainuddin AH, Razak MR, Aris AZ
    Environ Geochem Health, 2021 Sep;43(9):3733-3748.
    PMID: 33712970 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00872-8
    Microplastics have been considered as contaminants of emerging concern due to ubiquity in the environment; however, the occurrence of microplastics in river estuaries is scarcely investigated. The Klang River estuary is an important ecosystem that receives various contaminants from urbanised, highly populated areas and the busiest maritime centre in Selangor, Malaysia. This study investigates the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in surface water of the Klang River estuary. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 particles L-1 with a mean abundance of 2.47 particles L-1. There is no correlation between the abundance of microplastics and physicochemical properties, while there is a strong correlation between salinity and conductivity. The microplastics were characterised with a stereomicroscope and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyse size, shape, colour, and polymer composition. The microplastics in the surface water were predominantly in the 300-1000 μm size class, followed by > 1000 μm and 
  19. Adsorptive Removal of Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using a Magnetite Nano-Adsorbent from Mill Scale Waste: Synthesis, Characterization, Adsorption and Kinetic Modelling Studies
    Sulaiman S, Azis RS, Ismail I, Man HC, Yusof KFM, Abba MU, et al.
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2021 Nov 27;16(1):168.
    PMID: 34837537 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03622-y
    In this study, magnetite nano-adsorbent (MNA) was extracted from mill scale waste products, synthesized and applied to eliminate Cu2+ from an aqueous solution. Mill scale waste product was ground using conventional milling and impacted using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) for varying 3, 5, and 7 milling hours. In this regard, the prepared MNA was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and zeta potential. The resultant MNA-7 h milling time displayed a crystalline structure with irregular shapes of 11.23 nm, specific surface area of 5.98 m2g-1, saturation magnetization, Ms of 8.35 emug-1, and isoelectric point charge at pH 5.4. The optimum adsorption capacity, qe of 4.42 mg.g-1 for the removal of Cu2+ ions was attained at 120 min of contact time. The experimental data were best fitted to the Temkin isotherm model. A comparison between experimental kinetic studies and the theoretical aspects showed that the pseudo-second-order matched the experimental trends with a correlation coefficient of (R2 > 0.99). Besides, regeneration efficiency of 70.87% was achieved after three cycles of reusability studies. The MNA offers a practical, efficient, low-cost approach to reutilize mill scale waste products and provide ultra-fast separation to remove Cu2+ from water.
  20. Fulltext In vivo assessment of reversing Cisplatin-Induced nephrotoxicity using Jatropha mollissima crude extract and its potential cytotoxicity
    Omer Iqbal M, Bashir Yahya E, Andleeb S, Masood Ahmed M, Umar Javaid M, Shakeel W, et al.
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 Dec;28(12):7373-7378.
    PMID: 34867040 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.057
    Jatropha mollissima is one of the ancient plants that known in Africa, Asia and Latin America for its high medicinal value. Previously we showed that the ethanolic leaves extract of J. mollissima was able to reverse the aminoglycoside antibiotics induced nephrotoxicity in only two weeks of administration. Here, we evaluated the phytochemicals, antioxidant and in vivo cytotoxicity of the ethanolic leaves extract in addition to the ability of reversing Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats. The results of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins and saponins, with significantly high antioxidant activity. The treated rats did not show any cytotoxic signs; no anatomical, physiological and/or histopathological changes compared with the control group. Kidney, spleen and liver tissues appeared normal after two weeks administration of the maximum dose, with a possible alteration in distal tubules, proximal tubules and glomerulus of the kidney tissues. The results of nephrotoxicity and kidney function suggest promising potential for J. mollissima in kidney damage treatment.
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links