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Water sorption characteristics of restorative dental composites immersed in acidic drinks

Rahim TN, Mohamad D, Md Akil H, Ab Rahman I

Dent Mater, 2012 Jun;28(6):e63-70.
PMID: 22480722 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.03.011

To determine the diffusion coefficient, water sorption and solubility of various types of restorative dental composites and to evaluate the effect of acidic media (orange juice and coke) on their characteristics.
Fulltext Bach adsorption study for the extraction of silver ions by hydrazone compounds from aqueous solution

Mohamad Ali AS, Abdul Razak N, Ab Rahman I

ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:351967.
PMID: 22629138 DOI: 10.1100/2012/351967

Sorbent materials based on a hydrazone Schiff base compound, C(14)H(11)BrN(4)O(4), were prepared either by immobilizing the ligand into sol-gel (SG1) or bonding to silica (SG2). The sorbent materials were characterized by FT-IR, EDX, SEM, TEM, and TGA. The sorption characteristics of a matrix of eight transition metal ions (Ag(+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Fe(3+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), and Mn(2+)) using batch method were studied. Several key parameters that affected the extraction efficiency such as pH, contact time, metal ions concentration, and gel size (for SGl) were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the physically immobilized hydrazone sorbent (SG1) exhibits highest selectivity towards Ag(+) ions, while the chemically bonded hydrazone sorbent (SG2) exhibits high extraction for all metal ions tested. However, for practical applications such as the removal and preconcentration of Ag(+), the physically immobilized sorbent (SG1) is preferred.
Fulltext Early Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Treated with Nanohydroxyapatite-Silica-Glass Ionomer Cement

Siew Ching H, Thirumulu Ponnuraj K, Luddin N, Ab Rahman I, Nik Abdul Ghani NR

Polymers (Basel), 2020 Sep 17;12(9).
PMID: 32957636 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092125

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanohydroxyapatite-silica-glass ionomer cement (nanoHA-silica-GIC) on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into odontogenic lineage. DPSCs were cultured in complete Minimum Essential Medium Eagle-Alpha Modification (α-MEM) with or without nanoHA-silica-GIC extract and conventional glass ionomer cement (cGIC) extract. Odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for odontogenic markers: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL1A1), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) on day 1, 7, 10, 14, and 21, which were normalized to the house keeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Untreated DPSCs were used as a control throughout the study. The expressions of DSPP and DMP1 were higher on days 7 and 10, that of OCN on day 10, those of OPN and ALP on day 14, and that of RUNX2 on day 1; COL1A1 exhibited a time-dependent increase from day 7 to day 14. Despite the above time-dependent variations, the expressions were comparable at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL between the nanoHA-silica-GIC and cGIC groups. This offers empirical support that nanoHA-silica-GIC plays a role in the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties

Ching HS, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Abdul Ghani NRN

J Esthet Restor Dent, 2018 11;30(6):557-571.
PMID: 30394667 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12413

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to provide an insight about the factors affecting the properties of glass ionomer cements and provides a review regarding studies that are related to modification of glass ionomer cements to improve their properties, particularly on physical-mechanical and antimicrobial activity.
METHODS: PubMed and Science Direct were searched for papers published between the years 1974 and 2018. The search was restricted to articles written in English related to modification of glass ionomer cements. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. The search included literature reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Articles written in other languages, without available abstracts and those related to other field were excluded. About 198 peer-review articles in the English language were reviewed.
CONCLUSION: Based on the finding, most of the modification has improved physical-mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve their antimicrobial properties. However, the attempts were reported to compromise the physical-mechanical properties of modified glass ionomer cements.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: As the modification of glass ionomer cement with different material improved the physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties, it could be used as restorative material for wider application in dentistry.
Fulltext Analysis of Ionic-Exchange of Selected Elements between Novel Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Silica Added Glass Ionomer Cement and Natural Teeth

Moheet IA, Luddin N, Ab Rahman I, Masudi SM, Kannan TP, Nik Abd Ghani NR

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Oct 12;13(20).
PMID: 34685263 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203504

One of the foremost missions in restorative dentistry is to discover a suitable material that can substitute lost and damaged tooth structure. To this date, most of the restorative materials utilized in dentistry are bio-inert. It is predicted that the addition of nano-HA-SiO2 to GIC matrix could produce a material with better ion-exchange between the restorative material and natural teeth. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to synthesize and investigate the transfer of specific elements (calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, silica, strontium, and alumina) between nano-hydroxyapatite-silica added GIC (nano-HA-SiO2-GIC) and human enamel and dentine. The novel nano-hydroxyapatite-silica (nano-HA-SiO2) was synthesized using one-pot sol-gel method and added to cGIC. Semi-quantitative energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was carried out to determine the elemental distribution of fluorine, silicon, phosphorus, calcium, strontium, and aluminum. Semi-quantitative energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed by collecting line-scans and dot-scans. The results of the current study seem to confirm the ionic exchange between nano-HA-SiO2-GIC and natural teeth, leading to the conclusion that increased remineralization may be possible with nano-HA-SiO2-GIC as compared to cGIC (Fuji IX).
Fulltext OSC26: Characterization and Physico-Chemical Evaluation of a Novel Glass Ionomer Nanozirconia- Silica- Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Material

Sajjad A, Wan Bakar WZ, Ab Rahman I, Mohamad D, Kannan TP

J Indian Prosthodont Soc, 2018 Oct;18(Suppl 1):S18-S19.
PMID: 30532418 DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.244617
Fulltext The Biological Evaluation of Conventional and Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Silica Glass Ionomer Cement on Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comparative Study

Hii SC, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Nik Abdul Ghani NR

Contemp Clin Dent, 2019;10(2):324-332.
PMID: 32308298 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_581_18

BACKGROUND: Despite their lower strength, glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used as restorative materials because of their anti-cariogenic properties, direct adhesion to tooth structure and good biocompatibility. Recently, the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA)-silica to conventional GIC (cGIC) has been shown to improve the strength of cGIC. However, the biocompatibility and cell attachment properties of this material are unknown.
AIMS: This study aims to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and cell attachment properties of cGIC and nano-HA-silica-GIC on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Material extracts of nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC were prepared into seven serial dilutions and applied to 96 well plates seeded with DPSCs. After 72 h, the cell viability was determined using MTT assay. The DPSCs cell attachment properties were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) after 24 and 72 h. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyse the data for MTT assay (P < 0.05). SEM images of cell attachment properties were also described.
RESULTS: Nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC was shown to be slight to non-cytotoxic at all concentrations, except 200 mg/ml. Moderate cytotoxicity has been observed at 200 mg/ml concentration where nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC revealed cell viability values of 44.38 and 42.15%, respectively. Nano-HA-silica-GIC demonstrated better cell viability values than cGIC at all concentrations except for 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml. Nevertheless, the results were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). SEM examination revealed the increasing numbers of DPSCs attached to both groups with prominent filopodia, especially after 72 h.
CONCLUSIONS: Nano-HA-silica-GIC exhibited good biocompatibility which is comparable to cGIC and favoured the attachment of DPSCs.
Fulltext Biogenic silver nanoparticles using Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extract: synthesis, spectral analysis, and antimicrobial studies

Pasupuleti VR, Prasad TN, Shiekh RA, Balam SK, Narasimhulu G, Reddy CS, et al.

Int J Nanomedicine, 2013;8:3355-64.
PMID: 24039419 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S49000

Nanotechnology is gaining momentum due to its ability to transform metals into nanoparticles. The synthesis, characterization, and applications of biologically synthesized nanomaterials have become an important branch of nanotechnology. Plant extracts are a cost-effective, ecologically friendly, and efficient alternative for the large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNps) were synthesized using Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extract. After exposing the silver ions to the leaf extract, the rapid reduction of silver ions led to the formation of AgNps in solution. The synthesis was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the AgNps synthesized using R. nasutus leaf extract was investigated against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus using a disc diffusion method. The AgNps showed potential activity against all of the bacterial strains and fungal colonies, indicating that R. nasutus has the potential to be used in the development of value-added products in the biomedical and nanotechnology-based industries.