MATERIALS & METHODS: An indirect in vitro coculture model of injured airway epithelium explant with MSCs was developed. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine factors secreted by MSCs and their involvement in epithelium repair was evaluated by histopathological assessment.
RESULTS: The identification of 54 of MSC proteins of which 44 of them were secretory/extracellular proteins. 43 of the secreted proteins were found to be involved in accelerating airway epithelium repair by stimulating the migratory, proliferative and differentiation abilities of the endogenous repair mechanisms. MSC-secreted proteins also initiated epithelial-mesenchymal transition process during early repair.
CONCLUSION: MSC-secreted factors accelerated airway epithelial repair by stimulating the endogenous reparative and regenerative ability of lung cells.
METHOD: In this review, we have covered recent articles within the years of 2016 to 2018 which focus on several aspects including the latest findings on the compound composition of mangosteen fruit as well as its medicinal usages.
RESULT: Mangosteen has been vastly used in medicinal areas including in anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetes treatments. Furthermore, we have also described the benefits of mangosteen extract in protecting various human organs such as liver, skin, joint, eye, neuron, bowel, and cardiovascular tissues against disorders and diseases.
CONCLUSION: All in all, this review describes the numerous manipulations of mangosteen extracted compounds in medicinal areas and highlights the current trend of its research. This will be important for future directed research and may allow researchers to tackle the next big challenge in mangosteen study: drug development and human applications.