MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for FL-LP in our institution from 2000 to 2018 and characterised the neoplastic cells by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Thirteen (6.1%) of 212 FL cases were FL-LP, all de novo neoplasms. The leukaemic cells were small in 12 cases and large in one. All had concurrent FL, mostly (92%; 12/13) low-grade. The single case with large leukaemic cells had a concurrent primary splenic low-grade FL and a double-hit large B-cell lymphoma in the marrow.
RESULTS: CD10 was expressed in the leukaemic cells in 38% (5/13) cases by flow cytometry and in 77% (10/13) cases in tumours (p= 0.0471). IGH/BCL2 reciprocal translocation was identified in 85% (11/13) cases. Most patients were treated with chemotherapy. In a median follow-up time of 36 months, nine patients were in complete remission. The 2- and 5-year survival rates were at 100% and 83%, respectively. In this study, we characterised a series of de novo FL-LP in Taiwan. All patients had concurrent nodal and/or tissue tumours, which might suggest that these patients seek medical help too late.
CONCLUSION: The lower CD10 expression rate by flow cytometry than by immunohistochemistry might be due to different epitopes for these assays. Alternatively, loss of CD10 expression might play a role in the pathogenesis of leukaemic change. The clinical course of FL-LP could be aggressive, but a significant proportion of the patients obtained complete remission with chemotherapy.
METHODS: Fifteen participants completed the intervention using Wii VR games in this pilot study. Depressive, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) and Capabilities of Upper Extremity (CUE) questionnaires were used to measure psychological well-being and upper limb motor function respectively. Upper limb reaction time was measured using reaction time test.
RESULTS: Results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in DASS questionnaire and average reaction time score after intervention.
CONCLUSION: There is a potential for using interactive VR games as an exercise tool to improve psychological wellbeing and upper limb reaction time among adults with disabilities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study comprising patients admitted to a state hospital in Selangor, Malaysia, between August and October 2021. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, presenting complaints, laboratory tests, organ dysfunction, use of invasive ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, length of hospitalisation and mortality were collected and analysed.
RESULTS: The analysis involved a total of 195 cases. More than a quarter of the cases (52 [26.7%]) were related to the initial COVID-19 infection. Nine cases (4.6%) required mechanical ventilation, while eight cases (4.1%) were admitted to the ICU. The overall mortality was 17 cases (8.7%). Surviving patients were younger (49.5 vs. 58.4 years), less likely to have diabetes mellitus (48.3% vs. 82.4%), or chronic kidney disease (12.9% vs. 41.2%); had higher levels of admission haemoglobin (12.6 vs. 9.1g/dL) and albumin (33.0 vs. 21.0g/L); lower white blood cells (10.2 vs. 13.0 × 109/L), creatinine (81.2 vs. 151.9μmol/L) and C-reactive protein (18.2 vs. 135.0mg/L) at admission; less likely to have MI (6.7% vs. 23.5%), sepsis (3.4% vs. 47.1%), or acute kidney injury (3.4% vs. 17.6%) and organ dysfunction (25.3% vs. 94.1%).
CONCLUSION: Approximately a quarter of patients were admitted or readmitted due to direct COVID-19 complications between 21 and 90 days of illness. The baseline oxygen requirements at admission were independently associated with mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation and ICU admissions. Further research is needed to establish a risk model for patients returning to a hospital to predict their risk of post-COVID complications.
METHODS: Standardised anthropometric measurements were compared against the self-reported values from 5,132 adult residents in a cross-sectional, epidemiological survey. Discrepancies in self-reports from measurements were examined by comparing overall mean differences. Intraclass correlations, Cohen's kappa and Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement, and sub-analysis by sex and ethnicity were also explored.
RESULTS: Data were obtained from 5,132 respondents. The mean age of respondents was 43.9 years. Overall, the height was overestimated (0.2cm), while there was an underestimation of weight (0.8kg) and derived BMI (0.4kg/m2). Women had a larger discrepancy in height (0.35cm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22 to 0.49), weight (-0.95kg, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.79) and BMI (-0.49kg/m2, 95% CI -0.57 to -0.41) compared with men. Height reporting bias was highest among Indians (0.28cm, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.44) compared with Chinese and Malays, while weight (-1.32kg, 95% CI -1.53 to -1.11) and derived BMI (-0.57kg/m2, 95% CI -0.67 to -0.47) showed higher degrees of underreporting among Malays compared with Chinese and Indians. Substantially high self-reported versus measured values were obtained for intraclass correlations (0.96-0.99, P<0.001) and kappa (0.74). For BMI categories, good to excellent kappa agreement was observed (0.68-0.81, P<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Self-reported anthropometric estimates can be used, particularly in large epidemiological studies. However, sufficient care is needed when evaluating data from Indians, Malays and women as there is likely an underestimation of obesity prevalence.