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Preliminary safety evaluation and biochemical efficacy of a Carum carvi extract: results from a randomized, triple-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Kazemipoor M, Radzi CW, Hajifaraji M, Cordell GA

Phytother Res, 2014 Oct;28(10):1456-60.
PMID: 24638976 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5147

Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae) is known as caraway, and its derivatives find wide medicinal use for health purposes, including for gastrointestinal problems and obesity. Since there is inconsistency among the reports on the safety of this plant in humans, this research was aimed at assessing the safety of a characterized caraway aqueous extract (CAE) in a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study. Seventy, overweight and obese, healthy women were randomly assigned into placebo (n = 35) and plant extract (n = 35) groups. Participants received either 30 ml/day of CAE or placebo. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 12 weeks for changes in heart rate, blood pressure, urine test, 25-item blood chemistries, and general health status. No significant changes of blood pressure, heart rate, urine specific gravity, and serum blood tests were observed between the two groups before and after treatment. However, in the complete blood count test, red blood cell levels were significantly (p
Steroids from Dysoxylum grande (Meliaceae) leaves

Wah LK, Abas F, Cordell GA, Ito H, Ismail IS

Steroids, 2013 Feb;78(2):210-9.
PMID: 23178158 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.09.011

Seven new 23-oxo-cholestane derivatives named as grandol A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5), F (6), and G (7) were isolated from Dysoxylum grande leaves alongside with a new 3,4-secodammar-4(28)-en-3-oic acid derivative (8). The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on the interpretation of spectroscopic data, and their relative configurations were established by NOESY 2D NMR data. All of the isolates were tested for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity using thin layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography with fast blue B salt. Only grandol A (1) and B (2) showed positive results, with clear discoloration at a concentration of 12.5 ppm. However, the obtained IC(50) values for grandol A and B, when using Ellman's method, were not significant (>200 μg/ml).
Slimming and Appetite-Suppressing Effects of Caraway Aqueous Extract as a Natural Therapy in Physically Active Women

Kazemipoor M, Hamzah S, Hajifaraji M, Radzi CW, Cordell GA

Phytother Res, 2016 Jun;30(6):981-7.
PMID: 26988309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5603

Following the current 'Globesity' trend, there is an increasing demand for alternative natural therapies for weight management. Numerous phytoconstituents reduce body weight through suppressing appetite and reducing food intake. Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is one of the medicinal plants that is traditionally used for weight loss. In this study, the appetite-suppressing effects of caraway aqueous extract (CAE) on 70 aerobically trained, overweight, and obese women were examined in a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Subjects were randomly allocated into placebo and experimental groups and consumed either 30 mL/day of CAE or placebo without changing their diet or physical activity over a period of 90 days. Calorie and macronutrient intake and anthropometric indices were measured before and after the intervention. In addition, appetite changes were assessed through a visual analog scale and an ad libitum pizza test. After the intervention, the results showed a significant reduction in appetite levels and carbohydrate intake of the experimental group compared with the placebo group. All of the anthropometric indices were reduced significantly in CAE compared with placebo group (p
Natural diterpene pyrones: chemistry and biology

Al-Khdhairawi AAQ, Cordell GA, Thomas NF, Shivanagere Nagojappa NB, Weber JF

Org Biomol Chem, 2019 10 28;17(40):8943-8957.
PMID: 31482157 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01501a

Diterpene pyrones (DTPs) are a group of well-known, mainly fungal, natural products, first isolated in 1966. As the name indicates, they are composed of two main structural features: a diterpenyl moiety and a pyrone ring. Various names have been given to this class of metabolites; however, biogenetic evidence indicates that they originate through the same metabolic pathway. Based on their biosynthesis, which leads to differences in their structural architecture, the DTPs can be classified into three main types. In addition to their intriguing chemistry, these compounds demonstrate a wide range of biological activities rendering them a desirable target for total synthesis. To date, sixty-seven DTPs have been isolated from various fungal species, with one example originating from the plant kingdom. This review aims at unifying the classification of these compounds, in addition to presenting a detailed description of their isolation, bioactivities, biosynthesis, and total synthesis.
Absolute Configuration of Alkaloids from Uncaria longiflora through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Salim F, Yunus YM, Anouar EH, Awang K, Langat M, Cordell GA, et al.

J Nat Prod, 2019 11 22;82(11):2933-2940.
PMID: 31686505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00380

The structure elucidation of three new alkaloids named isoformosaninol (1), formosaninol (2), and longiflorine (3), isolated from the leaves of Uncaria longiflora var. pteropoda (Miq.) Ridsdale, along with their biosynthetic pathways are discussed. Their absolute structures were determined through a combination of physical data interpretation and quantum chemical calculations using the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method.
Maslinic acid exerts anticancer effects by targeting cancer hallmarks

Ooi KX, Poo CL, Subramaniam M, Cordell GA, Lim YM

Phytomedicine, 2023 Feb;110:154631.
PMID: 36621168 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154631

BACKGROUND: Natural products have long been regarded as a source of anticancer compounds with low toxicity. Evidence revealed that maslinic acid (MA), a widely distributed pentacyclic triterpene in common foodstuffs, exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects against various cancer cell lines. Most cancer cells thrive by acquiring cancer hallmarks, as coined by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000 and 2011.
PURPOSE: This represents the first systematic review concerning the anticancer properties of MA as these cancer hallmarks are targeted. It aims to summarize the antineoplastic activities of MA, discuss the diverse mechanisms of action based on the effects of MA exerted on each hallmark.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the search terms "maslinic," "cancer," "tumor," and "neoplasm," to retrieve articles from the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus published up to September 2022. Study selection was conducted by three reviewers independently from title and abstract screening until full-text evaluation. Data extraction was done by one reviewer and counterchecked by the second reviewer.
RESULTS: Of the 330 articles assessed, 40 papers met the inclusion criteria and revealed that MA inhibited 16 different cancer cell types. MA impacted every cancer hallmark by targeting multiple pathways.
CONCLUSION: This review provides insights regarding the inhibitory effects of MA against various cancers and its remarkable biological properties as a pleiotropic bioactive compound, which encourage further investigations.
Fulltext Antiobesity effect of caraway extract on overweight and obese women: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Kazemipoor M, Radzi CW, Hajifaraji M, Haerian BS, Mosaddegh MH, Cordell GA

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:928582.
PMID: 24319489 DOI: 10.1155/2013/928582

Caraway (Carum carvi L.), a potent medicinal plant, is traditionally used for treating obesity. This study investigates the weight-lowering effects of caraway extract (CE) on physically active, overweight and obese women through a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Seventy overweight and obese, healthy, aerobic-trained, adult females were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 35 per group). Participants received either 30 mL/day of CE or placebo without changing their diet or physical activity. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 90 days for changes in body composition, anthropometric indices, and clinical and paraclinical variables. The treatment group, compared with placebo, showed a significant reduction of weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio. No changes were observed in lipid profile, urine-specific gravity, and blood pressure of subjects. The results suggest that a dietary CE with no restriction in food intake, when combined with exercise, is of value in the management of obesity in women wishing to lower their weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and body size, with no clinical side effects. In conclusion, results of this study suggest a possible phytotherapeutic approach for caraway extract in the management of obesity. This trial is registered with NCT01833377.
Goniolanceolatins A-H, Cytotoxic Bis-styryllactones from Goniothalamus lanceolatus

Bihud NV, Rasol NE, Imran S, Awang K, Ahmad FB, Mai CW, et al.

J Nat Prod, 2019 09 27;82(9):2430-2442.
PMID: 31433181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b01067

Eight new bis-styryllactones, goniolanceolatins A-H (1-8), possessing a rare α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone moiety with a (6S)-configuration, were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of the stembark and roots of Goniothalamus lanceolatus Miq., a plant endemic to Malaysia. Absolute structures were established through extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR data analysis, in combination with electronic dichroism (ECD) data. All of the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human lung and colorectal cancer cell lines. Compounds 2 and 4 showed cytotoxicity, with IC50 values ranging from 2.3 to 4.2 μM, and were inactive toward human noncancerous lung and colorectal cells. Compounds 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8 showed moderate to weak cytotoxicity. Docking studies of compounds 2 and 4 showed that they bind with EGFR tyrosine kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 through hydrogen bonding interactions with the important amino acids, including Lys721, Met769, Asn818, Arg157, Ile10, and Glu12.
Molecular networking-based mass spectral identification of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. metabolites and their selective binding affinities for dengue virus enzymes

Yousof NSAM, Afzan A, Zainol M, Bakar SIA, Razak MRMA, Jelas NHM, et al.

Fitoterapia, 2024 Apr 09;175:105955.
PMID: 38604259 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105955

Brucea javanica, a valued traditional medicinal plant in Malaysia, known for its fever-treating properties yet remains underexplored for its potential antiviral properties against dengue. This study aims to simultaneously identify chemical classes and metabolites within B. javanica using molecular networking (MN), by Global Natural Product Social (GNPS), and SIRIUS in silico annotation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS2)-based MN explores chemical diversity across four plant parts (leaves, roots, fruits, and stem bark), revealing diverse metabolites such as tryptophan-derived alkaloids, terpenoids, and octadecadenoids. Simultaneous LC-MS2 and MN analyses reveal a discriminative capacity for individual plant components, with roots accumulating tryptophan alkaloids, fruits concentrating quassinoids, leaves containing fusidanes, and stem bark primarily characterised by simple indoles. Subsequently, extracts were evaluated for dengue antiviral activity using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and plaque assays, indicates potent efficacy in the dichloromethane (DCM) extract from roots (EC50 = 0.3 μg/mL, SI = 10). Molecular docking analysis of two major compounds; canthin-6-one (264) and 1-hydroxy-11-methoxycanthin-6-one (275) showed potential binding interactions with active sites of NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of dengue virus (DENV) protein. Subsequent in vitro evaluation revealed compounds 264 and 275 had a promising dengue antiviral activity with SI value of 63 and 1.85. These identified metabolites emerge as potential candidates for further evaluation in dengue antiviral activities.