Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 23 in total

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  1. Irniza Rasdi
    MyJurnal
    Mental health in policing has been widely studied but incidence of mental health illnesses among them keep increasing. This study aimed to analyse generic and specific work stressors among police officers and their differences between urban and sub-urban police population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kuala Lumpur and in nine sub-urban provinces in Pahang and Negeri Sembilan which involved 328 traffic police officers recruited by universal sampling. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire consisted of Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), the Work Family Conflicts (WFC), the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: The response rate was 71.30%. Majority of respondents were male (86.59%) with average age of 38.84 years old. The prevalence of probable mental health illnesses was 29.80% in sub-urban and 44.30% in urban. Job demand, role ambiguity, family to work conflicts and almost all specific works stressors were significantly higher among urban respondents. For urban, results showed that the most significant stressor was perceived air pollution (p
  2. Nursyafiqah Zainal, Irniza Rasdi, Suhainizam Muhamad Saliluddin
    MyJurnal
    Workplace violence become a global concern and perceived as a very serious safety and health hazard especially in healthcare setting. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of workplace violence and its associated risk factors among healthcare workers in public hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which involved 136 randomly selected respondents among doctors and nurses in a public hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire consisted of two standardized questionnaire; Workplace Violence (WPV) and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ-27). Results: The response rate was 91%. The prevalence of reported WPV was 71.3% where nurses (73.2%) had slightly higher prevalence than doctors (69.2%). The most common forms of WPV was verbal abuse (70.6%), followed by bullying/mobbing (29.4%), physical violence (11.0%), and sexual harassment (6.6%). The perpetrators were mostly among relatives of patients and visitors followed by the patients. Multiple logistic regression shows that respondents working in Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department was 17 times more likely to report workplace violence than those working in Pediatric Department. Also, for every 1 year younger, respondents were 5 times more likely to experience workplace violence controlling for other factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of workplace violent among respondents were high and most common among young workers, especially nurses and those working in A&E Department. Hence, further assessment should be carried out to reduce the identified risk factors and to find ways of solving this issue.
  3. Irniza Rasdi, Ain Nadiah Baharuddin, Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
    MyJurnal
    This is a cross-sectional study aims to estimate the concentration of bio-aerosols in a manufacturing factory. There were 108 respondents involved with 100% response rate. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect infor- mation on socio-demographical characteristics and work characteristics. IUALTD standardized questionnaire was used to measure respiratory symptoms among respondents. Duo Sas Super 360 was used to measure the concentra- tion of airborne bacteria and fungi. Twenty four air sampling was completed. Findings shows that only prayer room (650 cfu/m3) recorded to have bacteria concentration beyond the standard acceptable limit. The most prevalent reported respiratory symptoms were cough and phlegm (22.2%) followed by wheezing and chest tightness (20.4%). There were no significant association between socio-demographical factors, work factors and airborne bacteria and fungal concentration with respiratory symptoms. Better ventilation with regular cleaning of prayer cloth and carpet is warranted for the prayer room. Future study is recommended to include knowledge, attitude and practice related to hygiene among workers.
  4. Irniza Rasdi, Noraini Mohd Zin, Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Noise was evident to reduce job satisfaction among workers which will negative impacts to workers including increase job turnover, decrease motivation and increased number of accidents. This study aims to explore job satisfaction and its risk factors among workers working in a noisy workplace. Method: The study design was cross-sectional study which involved 167 workers in a cable manufacturing factory selected by simple random sam- pling. MSQ was used to assess employee’s satisfaction with their job on seven facets and sound level meter was used to measure workplace noise level. Results: All respondents were exposed to noise above permissible exposure limit. Most workers (49%) were moderately satisfied with their work. Factors that were rated as lowest level of satisfaction were work itself (the ability to work alone) (40%) and the way company system policies are implemented (40%). Factors with the highest level of satisfaction were their freedom to implement their judgement (responsibility) (51%) and the supervision quality of their superiors (51%). The most dominant facet predicting total satisfaction level was recognition followed by advancement and company policy and administration. All variables in socio-demographical and job characteristics were not significantly associated with their level of job satisfaction except noise. Noise was significant in predicting one facet of job satisfaction which was physical work condition. Conclusion: Overall, the average level of job satisfaction among respondents were moderate and they were exposed to occupational noise which was the only significant study variable correlated with their job satisfaction.
  5. Irniza Rasdi, Ameer Faris Azman, Harun Bakar, Noor Hidayah Jaafa
    MyJurnal
    The number of commuting accidents in Malaysia is increasing every year and therefore it is essential to understand the underlying factors that influence the drivers’ way of driving among Malaysian workers. This study aims to deter- mine the risk factors of driving behaviour among workers through a cross-sectional study involving 153 manufactur- ing workers in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Self-administered survey consisting standardized questionnaire were used to collect information on sociodemographic, working background, driving experience, job strain (JCQ) and EDS (ESS) among respondents. The most reported risky driving behaviour was lapses followed by ordinary violation, errors and aggressive violation. There were 36.6% of respondents reported to have job strain and 53.6% reported to have EDS. In bivariate analyses, younger age, higher education level, job tenure, longer years of having driving license and positive EDS were significantly correlated with more risky driving behaviour but after all inter-relationship between these factors were controlled, only EDS was found significant.
  6. Noor Hidayah Jaafa, Irniza Rasdi, Nur Jamima Mohamad, Azlan Darus
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The number of road accidents involving workers was on the rise, with more than 30,000 cases recorded and 76.9% involved motorcyclists and pillion riders. Despite of numerous studies have been conducted to explore the causes of this worrisome condition, little is known on the influence of working quality to riding behaviour. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 187 riders (male: 66.3%; female: 33.7%) with average age was 33 years were randomly selected civil servants in Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur, and Selangor. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and working background, riding experience, quality of working life (WRQoL) and riding behaviour (SMRBQ). Results: The most prevalent unsafe riding behaviour reported was tailgating the vehicles in front (88.2%) and speeding (70.6%). In multiple linear regressions, being male (β = 0.16, p = 0.03), type of motorcycle (β = 0.14, p = 0.04), and stress at work (β = 0.20, p < 0.01), predict erroneous riding. Whereas, lower educational level (β = 0.17, p = 0.02), stress at work (β = 0.19, p = 0.01), and lower job satisfaction (β = 0.15, p = 0.04) predict poorer helmet use behaviour. Also, male and younger riders reported to have higher level of time and money opportunistic riding behaviour. Conclusion: Findings of the study suggests that riding behaviour can be improved by increasing the quality of working life among workers such as work related stress, job satisfaction and also control at work. Thus, program planner should consider WRQoL in designing intervention related to road safety program.
  7. Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail, Emilia Zainal Abidin, Irniza Rasdi
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This paper provides an overview of chemical toxic pollution in Pasir Gudang industrial area Johor
    Malaysia. It discussed the health symptoms, argument of the psychology manifestation among children and the
    application of biomarkers and monitoring systems in chemical detection. Methods: The systematic search was
    conducted for four digital scientific journal databases: Science Direct, SCOPUS, PubMed and Google Scholar
    with a specified keyword. Results: Seven (7) chemicals were related to this incident namely; Methane,
    Hydrogen chloride, Acrylonitrile, Acrolein, Benzene, Xylene, and Methyl mercaptan. These chemicals are
    mainly generated from industrial activity and easily breakdown through interaction with other chemicals
    and sunlight. Inhalation is the major route of exposure and the major symptoms of these chemicals are headache,
    nausea, vomiting, breathing difficulties, eye irritation, chest tightness, and wheezing. There is no clear
    evidence to indicate that the victims in this incident are having a psychological manifestation since all chemicals
    involved are proven to cause the reported symptoms. Conclusion: Industrial chemicals are potential
    to produce toxic gas in the air through reaction with other substances or rays and causes acute health symptoms.
    Diagnose all post-emergency illnesses including mental and physical health is needed. Biomarker testing should
    consider a specified period after exposure occurs as the reactivity of some types of chemical and its short half-life,
    rendered limited for use as markers of exposure in the body.
  8. Irniza Rasdi, Nur Fatihah Din, Nurulizyati Roni, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha@Isa
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Police work has been recognised worldwide as a very stressful job. Those especially in road traffic control department encounter an additional possible cause of fatigue which is noise exposure that rarely being explored. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among traffic police officers in Kuala Lumpur to assess their level of fatigue and its risk factors including noise exposure, work stressors and individual factors. A total of 171 traffic police officers in Kuala Lumpur participated in this study. A set of questionnaires on socio-demographics, work characteristics, perception regarding noise pollution, PSQ and CIS were distributed to 200 traffic police officers in Kuala Lumpur. Five locations with heavy traffic volume in Kuala Lumpur were selected for ambient noise measure- ment, three times a day during peak hour by SLM. Results: The mean age, job tenure and BMI of respondents was 30.49±7.12yo, 4.73±4.62 years and 24.83 respectively. Most of them were Malay (81.9%), married (60.8%), and secondary school graduated (84.8%). The traffic noise exposure levels ranged between 69.50 dB(A) to 82.80 dB(A) (mean = 76.77±4.39 dB(A). Almost 20% of respondents reported to have fatigue level that puts them at risk for sub- sequent work disability. After considering several potential factors, lower educational levels (β=-3.67, p
  9. Adib Asmawi Mohd Yusoff, Irniza Rasdi, Ahmed S. Mahmoud Ben Hameid, Karmegam Karuppiah
    MyJurnal
    Ergonomic is important in classroom. Sitting for protracted period in class may lead students to develop musculoskeletal disorders. Their physical health and performance in the class may increase by designing school furniture that match with human body. In Malaysia, there is a lack of ergonomic assessment for school environment especially in urban areas. The aim of this study is to determine the mismatch between the furniture dimension and anthropometric parameters among primary school children in Putrajaya. This is a cross-sectional study which involved 100, Year 1 and Year 6 primary school students randomly selected in Putrajaya. Five anthropometric measurements (popliteal height, buttock popliteal length, elbow height, shoulder height (sitting), hip breadth) as well as five furniture dimensions (seat height, seat depth, seat width, backrest height and seat to desk height) were measured. Instrument used is Martin type anthropometer set, SECA body meter, and SECA weighing scale. Calculation for determining mismatch between the furniture and anthropometric measures were calculated using a standard mismatch formula. There was 100% mismatch for seat height, seat depth, and seat to seat to desk height for Year 1. As for Year 6, mismatch was reported 100% for backrest height and seat to desk height. There were significance difference for parameters of popliteal height between Year 1 and Year 6 and between male and female of Year 1. There was a presence of mismatch between furniture dimension and children anthropometric measurement. Proposed dimension of furniture shows decrease in percentage of mismatch for the most parameter of anthropometric measurement.
  10. Saravanan Dhanabal, Karmegam Karuppiah, Kulanthayan K.C Mani, Irniza Rasdi, Sivasankar Sambasivam
    MyJurnal
    Workplace accident is a big challenges for a safety professional. Workplace accidents may lead from minor to serious
    effects to both employees and employers alike. Accident is an unexpected and undesirable event, especially those
    resulting in damage, harm or unforeseen incidents. This paper also discussed all available accident theories that are
    commonly used in workplace as fundamental to mitigating accident. Throughout this paper, the author justified that a
    new or updated accident theory is needed in Malaysia. The author stated that current accident theories are based on
    different environments and are different in terms physical of the employee who involved in the accident. This author
    also stated that technology changes is also another factor which can be supporting the new or updated accident
    theory needed in Malaysia.
  11. Nur Hidayah Rani, Emilia Zainal Abidin, Noor Afifah Ya'acob, Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi
    MyJurnal
    Pineapple plantation workers are exposed to strenuous physical activities. This study aims to determine the prevalence
    of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS), analyse the body postural risks related to work tasks and identify relevant MSS risk factors
    among pineapple plantation workers. This was a cross-sectional study performed at a pineapple plantation in Johor in 2016. MSS,
    information on socio-demographic background and occupational history were collected via structured questionnaires. Identification
    and risk assessment of ergonomic hazard and postural risk analysis were performed for a subset of workers. Data were entered into
    statistical software and analyse according to relevant objectives. A total of 108 workers participated in this study. The prevalence
    of MSS was 87.0% and was highest for the lower back (64.8%). In terms of ergonomic hazards, Harvesting were categorised as a
    task with the highest risk. Harvesting was also the task with the highest postural risk. From the multivariate analysis, lower back
    pain is mainly contributed by a working tenure of 10 to 25 years (Odds Ratio, OR: 3.90; 95% Confidence Interval, CI 1.05-14.4) and
    more than 25 years (OR: 7.45 (95% CI 1.26 to 44.0). Workers who worked more than 7-hour daily have a higher risk for reporting
    lower back pain. Pineapple plantation workers are exposed to excessive bending, twisting and carrying of heavy loads that may be
    linked to MSS. Effective preventive strategies are required to address MSS in this population in order to minimize risk for subsequent
    musculoskeletal disorders.
  12. Irniza Rasdi, Nadia Farhana Ismail, Andy, Shin Shyen Kong, Suhainizam Muhammad Saliluddin
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The prevalence of stress among Malaysian police is high in which 38.8% polices have severe stress related to work resources and workplace environment. Psychosocial safety climate is one of the indicators that can be used to avoid psychosocial health problems. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of psychosocial safety climate and to measure the effectiveness of a customised safety website in improving the safety climate. Methodology: This study involved 105 police officers who were randomly selected from nine different departments in PDRM Bukit Aman. A survey adapted from previous study was used to determine the psychosocial safety climate levels among respondents. Then, occupational safety website was introduced to the respondents and being used for two weeks. Lastly, post survey was done to see the difference of psychosocial safety climate before and after the use of the website. Results and Discussion: Findings showed that team psychological safety (r=0.381, p= , p=
  13. Noor Shaeda Ismail, Irniza Rasdi, Sarva Mangala Praveena, Emilia Zainal Abidini
    MyJurnal
    Calcium Carbide (CaC2) use for fruit ripening become dubious in recent years when various health related issues began to arise. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude and practises (KAP) and health related to CaC2 among mango farmers, staff/workers working in mango farms and fruits traders in Perak, Kedah and Perlis. Methods: All potential respondents in the study locations was invited to participate. Yes-no questions were used to assess KAP while structured questions were used to obtain socio-demographic data through face-to face interview. Results: The response rate for this study was 67.8% (n = 200). All respondents were male with the average age of 40.45 years old. Majority of them (67.5%) completed secondary school as their highest education level. Overall, less than half of the total respondents have appropriate KAP. Only job tenure significantly associated with the knowledge on the type of suitable PPE (χ2 = 16.421). Respondents with secondary or tertiary school of education level (χ2= 9.154) and those with 1-5 years of job tenure (χ2 = 10.932) showed significantly better attitude on CaC2 handling. Also, the total scores of knowledge significantly associated with attitude (χ2 = 26.801) and application of glove (χ2= 12.551). In multiple logistic regression only respondents with the knowledge on type of PPE (OR = 6.30) will persist to use CaC2. Conclusion: The KAP related to CaC2 among respondents is low and their knowledge was significantly associated with their attitude and practice. Therefore, effective training and communication approach is warranted.
  14. Nur Athirah Diyana, Irniza Rasdi, Vivian How, Karmegam Karuppiah, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, Sivasankar S., et al.
    MyJurnal
    This paper studies the muscle discomfort among police officers when carrying out their work. The objective of this study is to give a basic introduction of ergonomic problems in among police officers and risk controls in relation to minimize the ergonomics risk factors. This paper gives quick review of muscle discomfort problems and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among police officer. An ergonomic application has been purposed in the liter- ature to solve the problem related with design of mechanical.
  15. Nurul Shahida Mezlan, Emilia Zainal Abidin1, Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail, Noor Hassim Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Pineapple harvesting work contributes to the reporting of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) and er- gonomic risks. Pineapples are harvested manually in some parts of Malaysia using rattan baskets and workers are exposed to excessive bending, pain and discomfort. This intervention study developed and tested a prototype of an ergonomic harvesting basket to potentially reduce discomfort and physiological workload during a simulation of har- vesting activity. Methods: The development and testing of improved harvesting basket was performed in laboratory and workshop. The improved basket had adjustable cushion straps, foam back pad and an opening for unloading of fruits. Harvesting was simulated using improved and existing basket by human subjects and questionnaires were used to assess discomfort. Physiological workload was assessed by heart rate and energy expenditure. Results: A total of 12 male respondents with average age of 22.4 (2.2) years participated in harvesting simulation. Discomfort as measured in Likert scale (mean (standard deviation) for improved basket 4.13 (6.1) vs existing basket 12.26 (11.2); p
  16. Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail, Josfirin Uding Rangga, Irniza Rasdi, Umi Raihana Abd Rahman, Mohd Armi Abu Samah
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The application of M-learning or mobile application (app) as a tool to disseminate occupational safety and health (OSH) information among students and staff in the university, to replace the use of conventional noticeboard was assessed in this study. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted between February to March 2016 and involved 124 respondents from health sciences program in Universiti Putra Malaysia. OSH information was incorporated into a mobile-app using online software and respondents were requested to use the app for fourteen days. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of respondents before and after using the app. Results: The mobile app has significantly increased the knowledge score among respondents (z = -7.331, p
  17. Putri Anis Syahira M. J., Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, How, Vivian, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof, et al.
    MyJurnal
    The effects of poor air quality are a serious issue in urban areas, wherever most people live and work. Precise moni- toring of air quality in real-time is crucial to enable prompt and fitting resolutions for outdoor workers and the public. This study is meant to provide information and to understand current knowledge on the use of mobile wireless sensor network for outdoor air pollution assessments and monitoring. A search of the literature was carried out using an appropriate query for the search of papers across various databases. Majority of the previous studies researched have reported that mobile wireless sensors are versatile and could be applied in exposure assessments and monitoring of outdoor air quality. The reviewed articles proved that mobile wireless sensors are a practical device that can effec- tively detect air pollution and will facilitate to boost the protection of the community, personal health care as well as environmental monitoring.
  18. Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil, Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof, Nurul Maizura Hashim, Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, Vivien How, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Malaysian traffic police are always working on the public roads to alleviate traffic congestion and therefore exposed them to the polluted air every day. In particular, polluted air containing PM2.5 is dangerous to their respiratory health as they can penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to bronchitis, lung cancer and many more. Hence, this research examined the relationship of personal exposure level to PM2.5 with respiratory symptoms among traffic policemen in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Methods: 134 participants among traffic policemen were agreed to participate in this study. They were requested to complete a questionnaire regarding the sociodemographic back- ground and respiratory health information. The questionnaire was adopted from International Union Against Tuber- culosis Lung Diseases (1986). Personal exposure level of PM2.5 was measured using an air pump with 5.0µm pore size PVC filter. Results: The mean exposure level of PM2.5 among traffic policemen was 28.69 µg/m3. It was found that some of them possess respiratory symptoms (Coughing 33.6%, Phlegm 25.4%, Wheezing 14.9% and Shortness of breath 32.1%). There was significant association detected at p-value < 0.05 in coughing. Despite, there was no significant association in other symptoms such as phlegm, wheezing and shortness of breath. Conclusions: Traffic police were exposed to a relatively high level of PM2.5 (12.4 µg/m3 to 55.3 µg/m3) and showed symptoms of respi- ratory effects. Therefore, recognition of the risks connected with occupational lung disease and exposure monitoring must be a high priority. This baseline data can serve as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers in order to develop an occupational safety and health guideline for police officers as required by Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).
  19. Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof, Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil, Nurul Maizura Hashim, Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Discomfort measurement has usually been attempted by asking the participants to rate the scale of their discomfort which commonly termed as a subjective scale. Various studies had conducted the discomfort level on vehicle seat by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Likert scale. VAS is a tool that use to measure a discomfort or characteristics in range across a continuum of values. Meanwhile, Likert-scale is a tool consist of items that require respondents to rate their degrees of comfort or discomfort with various declarative statements. Thus, the purpose of this study is to review, discuss and compare between the VAS and Likert scale used on the development and assessment of sitting discomfort survey in seat vehicles. The literature on various topics related to questionnaire development on discomfort in seat vehicle were collected from electronic databases. Four high-quality studies were eligible and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, there is no evidence and conclusion that neither visual analogue scale nor Likert scale are better to one another. Therefore, it can be concluded that either of this scale still applicable for the ergonomic research application as both of this scale have their own pros and cons.
  20. Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil, Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, Sivasankar Sambasivam, Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Traffic policemen are exposed to polluted air for a long time in high concentrations since they are working outside for most of the time which is bad for their health. Hence, this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among traffic police in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Methods: A pulmonary function test using spirometer was used to measure the pulmonary function of subjects. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms translated version from IUALTD was used. The questionnaire includes background data, occupational and health history. Results: The traffic policemen were determined as having lower lung function parameters; low FVC% predicted (89.6%) and low FEV1% predicted (94%) due to their nature of work and the environment. Coughing was present at the highest (33.6%) among them, whereas wheezing was found the least (15.7%) of the workers. Conclusions: Findings from this study, indicated that there is a development of respiratory diseases and deterioration of lung function among traffic policemen. These baseline data can serve as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers in order to develop an occupational safety and health guideline for police officers as they are not covered by Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).
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