Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 235 in total

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  1. Comparison of sleep characteristics, patterns, and problems in young children within the Southeast Asian region
    Daban KDY, Goh DYT
    Behav Sleep Med, 2017 07 17;17(3):281-290.
    PMID: 28613954 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2017.1342168
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Optimal sleeping habits are important for health development of infants. The role of culture in sleep habits cannot be underestimated. We aimed to characterize sleep patterns, sleep practices, and sleep problems; and assess the sleep settings and parental perceptions of sleep problems in children from birth to 36 months in countries in the Southeast Asian (SEA) region.

    PARTICIPANTS: Parents and caregivers of infants and toddlers (birth to 36 months old) from countries in Southeast Asia participated in this study.

    METHODS: Data was collected using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire for a total of 5,987 children from 6 countries in the SEA region (967 Indonesia/ID, 997 Malaysia/MY, 1,034 Philippines/PH, 1,001 Singapore/SG, 988 Thailand/TH, and 1,000 Vietnam/VN).

    RESULTS: The sleep variables varied among SEA children studied. Bedtimes and nighttime sleep varied across the region by as much as 1 hr 34 min and 1 hr 15 min respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Despite being geographically very close together and having some common sociocultural characteristics, sleep variables in the young child within the SEA region do differ in significant ways.
  2. Fulltext Impact of juice extraction method on the physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of Sabah snake grass (Clinacanthus nutans) juice mix
    Noranizan, M., Pean, L. F., Li, J. W., Aadil, R. M., Ahmad, T., Rosli, S. Z., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(5):835-845.
    MyJurnal
    The present work investigated the impact of several juice extraction methods (blender,
    centrifugal juicer, and slow juicer) and thermal pasteurisation (72°C, 15 s) on the different
    properties [physicochemical, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and functional] of
    Clinacanthus nutans juice mix during storage (28 d, 4°C). Regardless of juicing technique, all
    juices had similar colour and antioxidants [tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
    (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods]. The juices also had similar
    PPO activity and sensory acceptance in terms of colour, aroma, flavour, mouthfeel, and
    overall acceptability. The blender yielded juice with higher pH, soluble solids, and relative
    viscosity than other methods. The slow juicer was the best at retaining ascorbic acid (39.33 ±
    3.06 mg/100 mL), while the blender was best at retaining phenolic compounds (11.82 ± 0.12
    mg gallic acid equivalents/100 mL) and chlorophyll (6.95 ± 0.31 μg/mL). Pasteurisation
    negatively affected the colour, functional properties, and sensory characteristics (colour,
    aroma, flavour, and mouthfeel) of the juice.
  3. Fulltext Lateral Flow Assessment and Unanticipated Toxicity of Kratom
    Smith LC, Lin L, Hwang CS, Zhou B, Kubitz DM, Wang H, et al.
    Chem Res Toxicol, 2019 01 22;32(1):113-121.
    PMID: 30380840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00218
    The leaves of the Mitragynine speciosia tree (also known as Kratom) have long been chewed, smoked, or brewed into a tea by people in Southeastern Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand. Just this past year, the plant Kratom gained popularity in the United States as a "legal opioid" and scheduling it as a drug of abuse is currently pending. The primary alkaloid found in Kratom is a μ-opioid receptor agonist, mitragynine, whose structure contains a promising scaffold for immunopharmacological use. Although Kratom is regarded as a safe opioid alternative, here we report the LD50 values determined for its two main psychoactive alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, as comparable to heroin in mice when administered intravenously. Given Kratom's recent emergence in the U.S., there is currently no diagnostic test available for law enforcement or health professionals, so we sought to design such an assay. Mitragynine was used as a starting point for hapten design, resulting in a hapten with an ether linker extending from the C9 position of the alkaloid. Bacterial flagellin (FliC) was chosen as a carrier protein for active immunization in mice, yielding 32 potential monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for assay development. Antimitragynine mAbs in the range of micro- to nanomolar affinities were uncovered and their utility in producing a convenient lateral flow detection assay of human fluid samples was examined. Antibodies were screened for binding to mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and performance in lateral flow assays. Two monoclonal antibodies were subcloned and further purified with 93 and 362 nM affinity to mitragynine. Test strip assays were optimized with a detection cut off of 0.5 μg/mL for mitragynine in buffer and urine (reflecting projected clinically relevant levels of drug in urine), which could be beneficial to law enforcement agencies and health professionals as the opioid epidemic in America continues to evolve.
  4. Special section on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2014: 12-16 Oct., Persada Johor International Convention Centre, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
    Jegatheesan JV, Ahmad WA, Kim D, Shu L, Shu HY
    Bioresour Technol, 2015 Aug;190:429-30.
    PMID: 26028479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.047
  5. Development of global monthly dataset of CMIP6 climate variables for estimating evapotranspiration
    Song YH, Chung ES, Shahid S, Kim Y, Kim D
    Sci Data, 2023 Aug 26;10(1):568.
    PMID: 37633988 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02475-7
    Reliable projection of evapotranspiration (ET) is important for planning sustainable water management for the agriculture field in the context of climate change. A global dataset of monthly climate variables was generated to estimate potential ET (PET) using 14 General Circulation Models (GCMs) for four main shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The generated dataset has a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and a period ranging from 1950 to 2100 and can estimate historical and future PET using the Penman-Monteith method. Furthermore, this dataset can be applied to various PET estimation methods based on climate variables. This paper presents that the dataset generated to estimate future PET could reflect the greenhouse gas concentration level of the SSP scenarios in latitude bands. Therefore, this dataset can provide vital information for users to select appropriate GCMs for estimating reasonable PETs and help determine bias correction methods to reduce between observation and model based on the scale of climate variables in each GCM.
  6. Special issue on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2013: 29 Oct.-2 Nov., EXCO, Daegu, South Korea. Preface
    Jegatheesan JV, Shu L, Kim D, Bae J, Zakaria Z, Navaratna D
    Bioresour Technol, 2014 Aug;165:1-2.
    PMID: 24906212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.083
  7. A novel sequential process for remediating rare-earth wastewater
    Cui M, Jang M, Kang K, Kim D, Snyder SA, Khim J
    Chemosphere, 2016 Feb;144:2081-90.
    PMID: 26583290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.107
    A novel and economic sequential process consisting of precipitation, adsorption, and oxidation was developed to remediate actual rare-earth (RE) wastewater containing various toxic pollutants, including radioactive species. In the precipitation step, porous air stones (PAS) containing waste oyster shell (WOS), PASWOS, was prepared and used to precipitate most heavy metals with >97% removal efficiencies. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed that PAS plays a key role in preventing the surface coating of precipitants on the surface of WOS and in releasing the dissolved species of WOS successively. For the adsorption step, a polyurethane (PU) impregnated by coal mine drainage sludge (CMDS), PUCMDS, was synthesized and applied to deplete fluoride (F), arsenic (As), uranium (U), and thorium (Th) that remained after precipitation. The continuous-mode sequential process using PAS(WOS), PU(CMDS), and ozone (O3) had 99.9-100% removal efficiencies of heavy metals, 99.3-99.9% of F and As, 95.8-99.4% of U and Th, and 92.4% of COD(Cr) for 100 days. The sequential process can treat RE wastewater economically and effectively without stirred-tank reactors, pH controller, continuous injection of chemicals, and significant sludge generation, as well as the quality of the outlet met the EPA recommended limits.
  8. The mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents in six Asian countries: a structural equation modelling approach
    Lai CM, Mak KK, Watanabe H, Jeong J, Kim D, Bahar N, et al.
    Public Health, 2015 Sep;129(9):1224-36.
    PMID: 26343546 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.031
    OBJECTIVES: This study examines the associations of Internet addiction with social anxiety, depression, and psychosocial well-being among Asian adolescents. A self-medication model conceptualizing Internet addiction as a mediating role in relating depression and social anxiety to negative psychosocial well-being was tested.
    STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey.
    METHODS: In the Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS), 5366 adolescents aged 12-18 years from six Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Philippines) completed a questionnaire with items of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Self-Rated Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA-SR) in the 2012-2013 school year. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and subjective psychosocial well-being.
    RESULTS: Significant differences on the scores of IAT, SAS-A, CESD, and HoNOSCA-SR across the six countries were found. The proposed self-medication model of Internet addiction received satisfactory goodness-of-fit with data of all countries. After the path from social anxiety to Internet addiction had been discarded in the revised model, there was a significant improvement of the goodness-of-fit in the models for Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines.
    CONCLUSIONS: Depression and social anxiety reciprocally influenced, whereas depression associated with poorer psychosocial well-being directly and indirectly through Internet addiction in all six countries. Internet addiction mediated the association between social anxiety and poor psychosocial well-being in China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia.
    KEYWORDS: Adolescents; Asian; Depression; Internet addiction; Social anxiety; Structural equation modelling
  9. Fulltext Leaf extract of Osbeckia octandra induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
    Kim JY, Kim J, Bandara BMR, Tilakaratne WM, Kim D
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2022 Jan 25;22(1):20.
    PMID: 35078428 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03505-4
    BACKGROUND: Osbeckia octandra is a plant endemic to Sri Lanka and is used in ethnomedicine for treating various diseases. However, the anti-cancer properties of O. octandra are yet to be fully investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of O. octandra on oral cancer cells.

    METHODS: Human oral cancer cell lines (HSC2, YD10B, YD38, YD9, and YD32) were used in this study. BrdU incorporation, cell cycle and annexin-V/PI staining were all evaluated using flow cytometry to determine the extent to which O. octandra leaf extract inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured in order to investigate the anti-cancer effects of O. octandra extracts. Western blotting was performed to detect cell cycle related protein such as cyclin d1 and cdk4, and to detect apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax, Caspase-9, Cleaved caspase-3, Fas, Caspase-8, and Bid.

    RESULTS: Leaf extract of O. octandra reduced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Leaf extract of O. octandra has non-toxic in normal keratinocytes. Also, O. octandra extract interrupted the DNA replication via G1 phase arrests, and this effect was independent of ROS generation. In the apoptosis-related experiments, the population of annexin V-positive cells increased upon treatment with O. octandra extract. Furthermore, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) was decreased, whereas the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein was increased in O. octandra-treated OSCC cells.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a leaf extract of O. octandra inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells through G1 phase arrest and interrupting DNA replication. The leaf extract of O. octandra could trigger the apoptotic response via caspase 3 activation in OSCC cells. These results suggest that O. octandra has the potential to be developed as an alternative medicine for treating OSCC.

  10. Measurement Invariance of the Internet Addiction Test Among Hong Kong, Japanese, and Malaysian Adolescents
    Lai CM, Mak KK, Cheng C, Watanabe H, Nomachi S, Bahar N, et al.
    Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2015 Oct;18(10):609-17.
    PMID: 26468915 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0069
    There has been increased research examining the psychometric properties on the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in different populations. This population-based study examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the IAT in adolescents from three Asian countries. In the Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS), 2,535 secondary school students (55.9% girls) aged 12-18 years from Hong Kong (n=844), Japan (n=744), and Malaysia (n=947) completed a survey in 2012-2013 school year. A nested hierarchy of hypotheses concerning the IAT cross-country invariance was tested using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Replicating past findings in Hong Kong adolescents, the construct of the IAT is best represented by a second-order three-factor structure in Malaysian and Japanese adolescents. Configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict factorial invariance was established across the three samples. No cross-country differences on Internet addiction were detected at the latent mean level. This study provided empirical support for the IAT as a reliable and factorially stable instrument, and valid to be used across Asian adolescent populations.
  11. 190TiP: ELUXA 1: Phase II study of BI 1482694 (HM61713) in patients (pts) with T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment with an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI)
    Park K, Han JY, Kim DW, Bazhenova LA, Ou SH, Pang YK, et al.
    J Thorac Oncol, 2016 Apr;11(4 Suppl):S139.
    PMID: 27198328 DOI: 10.1016/S1556-0864(16)30299-4
  12. Asian Pacific cooperative study of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
    Masaoka T, Hiraoka A, Okamoto S, Kodera Y, Cao LX, Lu DP, et al.
    Int J Hematol, 1999 Oct;70(3):190-2.
    PMID: 10561913
    The first cooperative study of the Asian Pacific bone marrow transplantation group included 75 patients with early leukemia who received human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling bone marrow transplants and were randomized into granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and control groups. The selected patients were registered from 10 centers in six countries and areas within Asia (Beijing, Taipei, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Malaysia). The incidence of grades II-IV acute graft-vs.-host disease was 22.2%, and the 2-year survival rate was 62.7%. The period of protective isolation (27.1-66.7 days), period of hospitalization (38.6-130.5 days), and medical costs for 4 months (US $10,300-US $80,803) varied considerably. Good cooperation, i.e., low rate of protocol violation or rapid and precise presentation of case reports, was obtained.
  13. Fulltext Binucleation of male accessory gland cells in the common bed bug Cimex lectularius
    Takeda K, Yamauchi J, Miki A, Kim D, Leong XY, Doggett SL, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 04 24;9(1):6500.
    PMID: 31019205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42844-0
    The insect male accessory gland (MAG) is an internal reproductive organ responsible for the synthesis and secretion of seminal fluid components, which play a pivotal role in the male reproductive strategy. In many species of insects, the effective ejaculation of the MAG products is essential for male reproduction. For this purpose, the fruit fly Drosophila has evolved binucleation in the MAG cells, which causes high plasticity of the glandular epithelium, leading to an increase in the volume of seminal fluid that is ejaculated. However, such a binucleation strategy has only been sporadically observed in Dipteran insects, including fruit flies. Here, we report the discovery of binucleation in the MAG of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, which belongs to hemimetabolous Hemiptera phylogenetically distant from holometabolous Diptera. In Cimex, the cell morphology and timing of synchrony during binucleation are quite different from those of Drosophila. Additionally, in Drosophila, the position of the two nuclei in the adult stage changes as a result of the mating history or the nutrient conditions; however, it remains stable in Cimex. These differences suggest that binucleation in the Cimex MAG plays a unique role in the male reproductive system that is distinct from that of Drosophila.
  14. Fulltext Psychiatric Sequelae of Former "Comfort Women," Survivors of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery during World War II
    Lee J, Kwak YS, Kim YJ, Kim EJ, Park EJ, Shin Y, et al.
    Psychiatry Investig, 2018 Apr;15(4):336-343.
    PMID: 29669407 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.11.08.2
    "Comfort women" refers to young women and girls who were forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese military during World War II. They were abducted from their homes in countries under Imperial Japanese rule, mostly from Korea, and the rest from China, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Netherlands, etc. "Comfort women" endured extreme trauma involving rape, sexual torture, physical abuse, starvation, threats of death, and witnessed many others being tortured and killed. This article reviews all the studies that have investigated the psychiatric or psychosocial sequelae of the survivors of the Japanese military sexual slavery. Most importantly, a recent study which conducted a psychiatric evaluation on the former "comfort women" currently alive in South Korea is introduced. The participants' unmarried rate was relatively high and their total fertility rate was relatively low. Majority of the participants reported having no education and being the low economic status. They showed high current and lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic disorder, major depressive disorder, somatic symptom disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed high suicidality and majority of the participants still reported being ashamed of being former "comfort women" after all these years. This article high-lights the fact that the trauma has affected the mental health and social functioning of former "comfort women" throughout their lives, and even to the present day.
  15. Fulltext Pan-Asian adapted Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a CSCO-ESMO initiative endorsed by JSMO, KSMO, MOS, SSO and TOS
    Wu YL, Planchard D, Lu S, Sun H, Yamamoto N, Kim DW, et al.
    Ann Oncol, 2019 Feb 01;30(2):171-210.
    PMID: 30596843 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy554
    The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was published in 2016. At the ESMO Asia Meeting in November 2017 it was decided by both ESMO and the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) to convene a special guidelines meeting immediately after the Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group Annual Meeting 2018, in Guangzhou, China. The aim was to adapt the ESMO 2016 guidelines to take into account the ethnic differences associated with the treatment of metastatic NSCLC cancer in Asian patients. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by experts in the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), Singapore (SSO) and Taiwan (TOS). The voting was based on scientific evidence, and was independent of both the current treatment practices and the drug availability and reimbursement situations in the six participating Asian countries. During the review process, the updated ESMO 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for metastatic NSCLC were released and were also considered, during the final stages of the development of the Pan-Asian adapted Clinical Practice Guidelines.
  16. Fulltext Silencing the alarm: an insect salivary enzyme closes plant stomata and inhibits volatile release
    Lin PA, Chen Y, Chaverra-Rodriguez D, Heu CC, Zainuddin NB, Sidhu JS, et al.
    New Phytol, 2021 Apr;230(2):793-803.
    PMID: 33459359 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17214
    Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are widely recognized as an ecologically important defensive response of plants against herbivory. Although the induction of this 'cry for help' has been well documented, only a few studies have investigated the inhibition of HIPVs by herbivores and little is known about whether herbivores have evolved mechanisms to inhibit the release of HIPVs. To examine the role of herbivore effectors in modulating HIPVs and stomatal dynamics, we conducted series of experiments combining pharmacological, surgical, genetic (CRISPR-Cas9) and chemical (GC-MS analysis) approaches. We show that the salivary enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX), secreted by the caterpillar Helicoverpa zea on leaves, causes stomatal closure in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) within 5 min, and in both tomato and soybean (Glycine max) for at least 48 h. GOX also inhibits the emission of several HIPVs during feeding by H. zea, including (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-jasmone and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, which are important airborne signals in plant defenses. Our findings highlight a potential adaptive strategy where an insect herbivore inhibits plant airborne defenses during feeding by exploiting the association between stomatal dynamics and HIPV emission.
  17. Liver failure determines the outcome in patients of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): comparison of APASL ACLF research consortium (AARC) and CLIF-SOFA models
    Choudhury A, Jindal A, Maiwall R, Sharma MK, Sharma BC, Pamecha V, et al.
    Hepatol Int, 2017 Sep;11(5):461-471.
    PMID: 28856540 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-017-9816-z
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a progressive disease associated with rapid clinical worsening and high mortality. Early prediction of mortality and intervention can improve patient outcomes. We aimed to develop a dynamic prognostic model and compare it with the existing models.

    METHODS: A total of 1402 ACLF patients, enrolled in the APASL-ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) with 90-day follow-up, were analyzed. An ACLF score was developed in a derivation cohort (n = 480) and was validated (n = 922).

    RESULTS: The overall survival of ACLF patients at 28 days was 51.7%, with a median of 26.3 days. Five baseline variables, total bilirubin, creatinine, serum lactate, INR and hepatic encephalopathy, were found to be independent predictors of mortality, with AUROC in derivation and validation cohorts being 0.80 and 0.78, respectively. AARC-ACLF score (range 5-15) was found to be superior to MELD and CLIF SOFA scores in predicting mortality with an AUROC of 0.80. The point scores were categorized into grades of liver failure (Gr I: 5-7; II: 8-10; and III: 11-15 points) with 28-day cumulative mortalities of 12.7, 44.5 and 85.9%, respectively. The mortality risk could be dynamically calculated as, with each unit increase in AARC-ACLF score above 10, the risk increased by 20%. A score of ≥11 at baseline or persisting in the first week was often seen among nonsurvivors (p = 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: The AARC-ACLF score is easy to use, dynamic and reliable, and superior to the existing prediction models. It can reliably predict the need for interventions, such as liver transplant, within the first week.

  18. PICS/AEPC/APPCS/CSANZ/SCAI/SOLACI: Expert Consensus Statement on Cardiac Catheterization for Pediatric Patients and Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
    Holzer RJ, Bergersen L, Thomson J, Aboulhosn J, Aggarwal V, Akagi T, et al.
    JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2024 Jan 22;17(2):115-216.
    PMID: 38099915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.11.001
  19. Fulltext The Burden of Mental Disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013
    Charara R, Forouzanfar M, Naghavi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Afshin A, Vos T, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(1):e0169575.
    PMID: 28095477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169575
    The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is witnessing an increase in chronic disorders, including mental illness. With ongoing unrest, this is expected to rise. This is the first study to quantify the burden of mental disorders in the EMR. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2013. DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) allow assessment of both premature mortality (years of life lost-YLLs) and nonfatal outcomes (years lived with disability-YLDs). DALYs are computed by adding YLLs and YLDs for each age-sex-country group. In 2013, mental disorders contributed to 5.6% of the total disease burden in the EMR (1894 DALYS/100,000 population): 2519 DALYS/100,000 (2590/100,000 males, 2426/100,000 females) in high-income countries, 1884 DALYS/100,000 (1618/100,000 males, 2157/100,000 females) in middle-income countries, 1607 DALYS/100,000 (1500/100,000 males, 1717/100,000 females) in low-income countries. Females had a greater proportion of burden due to mental disorders than did males of equivalent ages, except for those under 15 years of age. The highest proportion of DALYs occurred in the 25-49 age group, with a peak in the 35-39 years age group (5344 DALYs/100,000). The burden of mental disorders in EMR increased from 1726 DALYs/100,000 in 1990 to 1912 DALYs/100,000 in 2013 (10.8% increase). Within the mental disorders group in EMR, depressive disorders accounted for most DALYs, followed by anxiety disorders. Among EMR countries, Palestine had the largest burden of mental disorders. Nearly all EMR countries had a higher mental disorder burden compared to the global level. Our findings call for EMR ministries of health to increase provision of mental health services and to address the stigma of mental illness. Moreover, our results showing the accelerating burden of mental health are alarming as the region is seeing an increased level of instability. Indeed, mental health problems, if not properly addressed, will lead to an increased burden of diseases in the region.
  20. Observation of ϒ(2S)→γη_{b}(1S) Decay
    Fulsom BG, Pedlar TK, Adachi I, Aihara H, Al Said S, Asner DM, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2018 Dec 07;121(23):232001.
    PMID: 30576207 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.232001
    We report the observation of ϒ(2S)→γη_{b}(1S) decay based on an analysis of the inclusive photon spectrum of 24.7  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collisions at the ϒ(2S) center-of-mass energy collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. We measure a branching fraction of B[ϒ(2S)→γη_{b}(1S)]=(6.1_{-0.7-0.6}^{+0.6+0.9})×10^{-4} and derive an η_{b}(1S) mass of 9394.8_{-3.1-2.7}^{+2.7+4.5}  MeV/c^{2}, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The significance of our measurement is greater than 7 standard deviations, constituting the first observation of this decay mode.
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