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  1. Sun C, Liew G, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Saw SM, Aung T, et al.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2008 May;49(5):1784-90.
    PMID: 18436813 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-1450
    To describe the relationship of retinal vascular caliber with cardiovascular risk factors in an Asian population.
  2. Ling W, Liew G, Li Y, Hao Y, Pan H, Wang H, et al.
    Adv Mater, 2018 Jun;30(23):e1800917.
    PMID: 29633379 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800917
    The combination of novel materials with flexible electronic technology may yield new concepts of flexible electronic devices that effectively detect various biological chemicals to facilitate understanding of biological processes and conduct health monitoring. This paper demonstrates single- or multichannel implantable flexible sensors that are surface modified with conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) such as copper-MOF and cobalt-MOF with large surface area, high porosity, and tunable catalysis capability. The sensors can monitor important nutriments such as ascorbicacid, glycine, l-tryptophan (l-Trp), and glucose with detection resolutions of 14.97, 0.71, 4.14, and 54.60 × 10-6 m, respectively. In addition, they offer sensing capability even under extreme deformation and complex surrounding environment with continuous monitoring capability for 20 d due to minimized use of biological active chemicals. Experiments using live cells and animals indicate that the MOF-modified sensors are biologically safe to cells, and can detect l-Trp in blood and interstitial fluid. This work represents the first effort in integrating MOFs with flexible sensors to achieve highly specific and sensitive implantable electrochemical detection and may inspire appearance of more flexible electronic devices with enhanced capability in sensing, energy storage, and catalysis using various properties of MOFs.
  3. Brown DM, Emanuelli A, Bandello F, Barranco JJE, Figueira J, Souied E, et al.
    Am J Ophthalmol, 2022 Jan 13.
    PMID: 35038415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.01.004
    PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of brolucizumab with aflibercept in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

    DESIGN: Double-masked, 100-week, multicenter, active-controlled, randomized trials.

    METHODS: Subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to brolucizumab 3mg/6mg or aflibercept 2mg in KESTREL (N=566) or 1:1 to brolucizumab 6mg or aflibercept 2mg in KITE (N=360). Brolucizumab groups received 5 loading doses every 6 weeks (q6w) followed by q12w dosing, with optional adjustment to q8w if disease activity was identified at pre-defined assessment visits; aflibercept groups received 5xq4w followed by fixed q8w dosing. The primary endpoint was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change from baseline at Week 52; secondary endpoints included the proportion of subjects maintained on q12w dosing, change in DRSS score and anatomical and safety outcomes.

    RESULTS: At Week 52, brolucizumab 6mg was noninferior (NI margin 4 letters) to aflibercept in mean change in BCVA from baseline (KESTREL: +9.2 letters versus +10.5 letters; KITE: +10.6 letters versus +9.4 letters; p<0.001), more subjects achieved central subfield thickness (CSFT) <280µm and fewer had persisting subretinal and/or intraretinal fluid versus aflibercept, with >50% of brolucizumab 6mg subjects maintained on q12w dosing after loading. In KITE, brolucizumab 6mg showed superior improvements in change of CSFT from baseline over Week 40-Week 52 versus aflibercept (p=0.001). The incidence of ocular serious adverse events was 3.7% (brolucizumab 3mg), 1.1% (brolucizumab 6mg), 2.1% (aflibercept) in KESTREL; 2.2% (brolucizumab 6mg), 1.7% (aflibercept) in KITE.

    CONCLUSION: Brolucizumab 6mg showed robust visual gains and anatomical improvements with an overall favorable benefit/risk profile in patients with DME.

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