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  1. Mohamad Pakarul Razy NH, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, Win TT
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Jan 25;20(1):277-282.
    PMID: 30678450
    Introduction: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that plays an important role in
    thyroid cancer. VEGF is known to have high affinity to VEGF receptors such as VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR).
    Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer and studies showed the increasing incidence of
    PTC arising in nodular hyperplasia. Targeted therapy on these growth factors and receptors are used in management
    of both differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. This study aims to determine the expression of VEGF
    and VEGF receptors (VEGFR) in thyroid nodular hyperplasia and PTC. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on
    paraffinized archival tissue blocks of 113 nodular hyperplasias and 67 PTC from the thyroidectomy specimens in
    the year of 2003 to 2014. The tissue sections were then stained by immunohistochemistry for VEGF, VEGFR-1 and
    VEGFR-2. The lymph node involvement and extrathyroid extension also were determined. Results: The mean age of
    PTC patients was 44.7±15.8 years and nodular hyperplasia were 42.2±13.6 years. There was a statistical difference
    of VEGFR-1 (p=0.028) and VEGFR-2 (p=0.003) expression between nodular hyperplasia and PTC. However, no
    significant difference of VEGF expression (p=0.576) between both diseases. Co-expression of VEGF and VEGFR-1
    was significant in both nodular hyperplasia (p=0.016) and PTC (p=0.03), meanwhile no relevant relationship for VEGF
    and VEGFR-2 expression (p>0.05). No significant association (p>0.05) between lymph node status and extrathyroid
    extension with age groups, gender, VEGF and VEGFR expression. Conclusions: VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2
    showed overexpression in both nodular hyperplasia and PTC. The expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 are more
    significant in PTC with relevant co-expression of VEGF and VEGFR-1. Therefore, the inhibition of VEGFR offers a
    promising prospect for tumour management in thyroid carcinoma.
  2. Muhammad Fauzi HG, Mohan Singh AS, Abdul Rahim S, Chooi LL, Ramasamy V, Mohamad Pakarul Razy NH, et al.
    Gulf J Oncolog, 2021 May;1(36):79-81.
    PMID: 35017141
    Malignant transformation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare entity occurring in only less than 5% of patients with RRP. The risk of transformation can arise even in the absence of risk factors such as smoking and radiation. We describe a patient with juvenile RRP diagnosed since childhood, who suffered malignant transformation into a squamous cell carcinoma after 29 years. Keywords: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; laryngeal neoplasms; squamous cell carcinoma; human papilloma-virus.
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