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Fulltext Bone metabolism markers in response to the circuit training and honey supplementation in young males

Ooi, Foong Kiew, Azlina Aziz

Malaysian Journal of Medical Research, 2018;1(4):28-34.
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This study investigated the effects of 6 weeks combined circuit training programme and honey
supplementation on bone metabolism markers in young males. Forty male participants were divided into four
groups (n=10 per group): sedentary without honey supplementation control (C), sedentary with honey
supplementation (H), circuit training without honey supplementation (Ex), circuit training with honey
supplementation (HEx) groups. Circuit training was carried out one hour/session, 3 times/week. Participants in
H and HEx consumed 300 mLof honey drink containing 20g of Tualang honey for 7 days/week. Immediately
before and after six weeks of experimental period, blood samples were taken for measuring concentrations of
serum total calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase as bone formation marker and serum C-terminal telopeptide
of type 1 collagen (1CTP) as bone resorption marker. There was significantly (p
Fulltext Stress hormone and reproductive system in response to honey supplementation combined with different jumping exercise intensities in female rats

Mosavat M, Ooi FK, Mohamed M

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:123640.
PMID: 24672778 DOI: 10.1155/2014/123640

This study was performed to determine the effects of 8-week honey supplementation combined with different jumping exercise intensities on serum cortisol, progesterone, estradiol, and reproductive organs. Eighty-four 9-week-old female rats were divided into 7 groups: baseline controls (C0), sedentary group (C), 20 and 80 jumps per day (Ex(20J), Ex(80J)), honey (H), and combined honey with 20 and 80 jumps per day (HEx(20J), HEx(80J)) groups. Jumping exercise was performed at 5 days/week and honey was given at a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight/day for 7 days/week. The level of serum cortisol was higher in Ex(20J) and Ex(80J) compared to C. There was significantly lower value of serum cortisol in HEx(20J) compared to Ex(80J). Serum progesterone levels were significantly lower in Ex(20J) and Ex(80J) compared to C. However, serum progesterone levels were significantly higher in HEx(20J) and HEx(80J) compared to Ex(20J) and Ex(80J). Relative uterine weights were significantly greater in HEx(20J) compared to C and HEx(80J), respectively. There was no significant difference in estradiol level and relative ovarian weights among all the groups. Therefore, honey elicited beneficial effects in reducing the increase of cortisol and in increasing the reduce of progesterone levels induced by different intensities jumping exercise in female rats.
Fulltext Effects of honey supplementation combined with different jumping exercise intensities on bone mass, serum bone metabolism markers and gonadotropins in female rats

Mosavat M, Ooi FK, Mohamed M

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:126.
PMID: 24708608 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-126

The effects of high and low jumping exercise intensities combined with honey on bone and gonadotrophins were investigated in eighty four 9 week-old female rats.
Fulltext Herbs in exercise and sports

Chen CK, Muhamad AS, Ooi FK

J Physiol Anthropol, 2012;31:4.
PMID: 22738233 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-31-4

The use of herbs as ergogenic aids in exercise and sport is not novel. Ginseng, caffeine, ma huang (also called 'Chinese ephedra'), ephedrine and a combination of both caffeine and ephedrine are the most popular herbs used in exercise and sports. It is believed that these herbs have an ergogenic effect and thus help to improve physical performance. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of these herbs on exercise performance. Recently, researchers have also investigated the effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on endurance cycling and running performance. These investigators have reported no significant improvement in either cycling or running endurance after supplementation with this herb. As the number of studies in this area is still small, more studies should be conducted to evaluate and substantiate the effects of this herb on sports and exercise performance. For instance, future research on any herbs should take the following factors into consideration: dosage, supplementation period and a larger sample size.
Changes in bone turnover markers and bone mass with reducing levels of jumping exercise regimens in female rats

Ooi FK, Singh R, Singh HJ

Asian J Sports Med, 2012 Dec;3(4):225-32.
PMID: 23342220

To date, little is known about the effects of a reduced level of jumping exercise regimens on bone turnover markers and mass. This study investigates the effects of different jumping exercise regimens with varying exercise loads on serum bone turnover markers and bone mass in female rats.
Non-uniform decay in jumping exercise-induced bone gains following 12 and 24 weeks of cessation of exercise in rats

Ooi FK, Singh R, Singh HJ, Umemura Y, Nagasawa S

J Physiol Sci, 2011 Nov;61(6):487-95.
PMID: 21870136 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0169-4

The effects of deconditioning on exercise-induced bone gains in rats were investigated in 12-week-old female WKY rats performing a standard jumping exercise regimen for either 8, 12 or 24 weeks, followed by sedentary periods of either 24, 12 or 0 weeks, respectively. Age-matched controls received no exercise over the same period. At the end of the training/sedentary period, the tibiae were harvested for analyses of bone parameters. Gains in tibial fat-free dry weight decayed within 12 weeks of deconditioning, but gains in tibial ultimate bending force (strength), maximum diameter and cortical area were still present at 12 weeks of deconditioning. With the exception of cortical area, all other exercise-induced bone gains decayed by the 24th week of deconditioning. It appears that the decay in exercise-induced bone gains in strength, physical and morphological properties is not uniform, and that gains in fat-free dry weight seem to decay earlier.
Fulltext Effects of Post-Exercise Honey Drink Ingestion on Blood Glucose and Subsequent Running Performance in the Heat

Ahmad NS, Ooi FK, Saat Ismail M, Mohamed M

Asian J Sports Med, 2015 Sep;6(3):e24044.
PMID: 26448850 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.24044

Glycogen depletion and hypoglycemia have been associated with fatigue and decrement of performance during prolonged exercise.
Effects of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Isokinetic Muscular Strength and Power, Anaerobic Power, and Urinary Testosterone: Epitestosterone Ratio in Young Males

Chen CK, Ooi FK, Abu Kasim NA, Asari MA

Int J Prev Med, 2019;10:118.
PMID: 31367282 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_404_17

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of resistance training and Eurycoma longifolia Jack supplementation on isokinetic muscular strength and power, Wingate anaerobic power, and testosterone: epitestosterone (T/E) ratio in young males.
Methods: Forty young males were weight-matched and assigned into four groups: control (C), Eurycoma longifolia jack (ElJ), resistance training (RT), and Eurycoma longifolia Jack plus resistance training group (ElJ & RT). Participants in ElJ and ElJ & RT groups consumed 200 mg Eurycoma longifolia Jack daily, whereas participants in the C and RT groups consumed placebo capsules daily for 8 weeks. Resistance training program which consisted of 10 different exercises was conducted three times per week for 8 weeks. Participants' isokinetic muscular strength and power, anaerobic power, and urinary TE ratio were measured before and after the intervention period. This is a randomized placebo-controlled intervention study. Paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean average power of knee flexion at 300°/s in the RT and ElJ & RT groups was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the posttest compared with pretest. Wingate relative peak power in the RT group increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with respective pretest value, whereas peak power in the combined ElJ & RT group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in posttest compared with pretest. There was no significant difference in T/E ratio between pre- and posttests in all the groups.
Conclusions: The prescribed resistance training program, either with or without ElJ supplementation, improved isokinetic power of the lower limb. Resistance training alone improved relative anaerobic power, whereas combined Eurycoma longifolia Jack and resistance training improved peak power output. ElJ consumption of 200 mg daily for 8 weeks did not affect the urinary T/E ratio.
Fulltext Blood immune function parameters in response to combined aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation in adult women

Rahim M, Ooi FK, Wan Abdul Hamid WZ

J Tradit Complement Med, 2017 Apr;7(2):165-171.
PMID: 28417086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.06.001

To date, information on the effectiveness of combined aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation on immune function in women is lacking. The present study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of combined aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation on blood immune function parameters in adult women. In this study, forty four healthy sedentary women (25-40 year-old) were assigned into four groups with n = 11 per group: sedentary without supplementation control (Con), honey supplementation (H), aerobic dance exercise (D) and combined aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation (HD) groups. Aerobic dance exercise was carried out for one hour per session, three sessions per week for eight weeks. Honey drink was consumed by H and HD groups, in a dosage of 20 g of honey diluted in 300 ml of plain water, consumed 7 days a week for 8 weeks. In HD group, the participants were required to consume honey drink 30 min before performing exercise. Before and after 8 weeks of experimental period, blood samples were taken to determine the concentrations of immune parameters which include full blood counts and immunophenotyping measurements. It was found that after 8 weeks of experimental period, there were statistically significant increases in T cytotoxic (CD8) (p
Fulltext Histological changes of female reproductive organs subjected to different jumping exercise intensities and honey supplementation in rats

Mosavat M, Mohamed M, Ooi FK, Mirsanjari M, Mat Zin AA, Che Romli A

PeerJ, 2019;7:e7646.
PMID: 31565571 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7646

Background: We assessed histopathological changes of ovaries and uterus in female rats subjected to different jumping exercise intensities combined with honey supplementation at one g/kg body weight/day.
Methods: A total of 72 rats were divided into six groups, 12 rats in each: control (C), 20 and 80 jumps (20E, 80E), honey (H), and 20 and 80 jump with honey (20EH, 80EH).
Results: The endometrium was significantly thicker in the rats in H, 20EH and 80EH groups compared to C, 20E, and 80E. The myometrium thickness was significantly lower in 80E and significantly higher in 80EH compared to C, respectively. There was significantly higher myometrium thickness in 20EH and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E and H. The number of glands of the uterus in 20E and 80E was significantly lower than C. However, there was a significantly higher number of glands in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E. The numbers of uterus vessels were significantly lower in 80E compared to 20E. However, the numbers of vessels were significantly higher in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 80E. The number of ovarian haemorregia was significantly lower in 20E, 80E, H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to C. The number of corpora lutea was significantly lower in 80EH, H, 80E, and 20E compared to C. However, the number of corpora lutea was significantly higher in 20EH compared to J20 and H.
Conclusion: This study suggested that jumping exercises in particularly high-intensity exercise may induce histopathological changes in uterus and ovary in rats, and honey supplementation may ameliorate these effects.
Fulltext Supplementation of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Extract for 6 Weeks Does Not Affect Urinary Testosterone: Epitestosterone Ratio, Liver and Renal Functions in Male Recreational Athletes

Chen CK, Mohamad WM, Ooi FK, Ismail SB, Abdullah MR, George A

Int J Prev Med, 2014 Jun;5(6):728-33.
PMID: 25013692

Background: Eurycoma longifolia Jack (ElJ) has been shown to elevate serum testosterone and increased muscle strength in humans. This study investigated the effects of Physta(®) a standardized water extract of ElJ (400 mg/day for 6 weeks) on testosterone: epitestosterone (T:E) ratio, liver and renal functions in male recreational athletes.

Methods: A total of 13 healthy male recreational athletes were recruited in this double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. The participants were required to consume either 400 mg of ElJ or placebo daily for 6 weeks in the first supplementation regimen. Following a 3 week wash-out period, the participants were requested to consume the other supplement for another 6 weeks. Mid-stream urine samples and blood samples were collected prior to and after 6 weeks of supplementation with either ElJ or placebo. The urine samples were subsequently analyzed for T:E ratio while the blood samples were analyzed for liver and renal functions.

Results: T:E ratio was not significantly different following 6 weeks supplementation of either ElJ or placebo compared with their respective baseline values. Similarly, there were no significant changes in both the liver and renal functions tests following the supplementation of ElJ.

Conclusions: Supplementation of ElJ i.e. Physta(®) at a dosage of 400 mg/day for 6 weeks did not affect the urinary T:E ratio and hence will not breach any doping policies of the International Olympic Committee for administration of exogenous testosterone or its precursor. In addition, the supplementation of ElJ at this dosage and duration was safe as it did adversely affect the liver and renal functions.

Keywords: Doping; Eurycoma longifolia Jack; liver function; renal function; testosterone: epitestosterone ratio.
The effects of combined probiotic ingestion and circuit training on muscular strength and power and cytokine responses in young males

Ibrahim NS, Muhamad AS, Ooi FK, Meor-Osman J, Chen CK

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2018 Feb;43(2):180-186.
PMID: 29024599 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0464

To our knowledge, the efficacy of combined probiotic supplementation with circuit training has not been evaluated. Thus, we investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation combined with circuit training on isokinetic muscular strength and power and cytokine responses in young males. Forty-eight healthy sedentary young males were recruited and randomised into 4 separate groups: sedentary placebo control, probiotics (P), circuit training with placebo (CT), and circuit training with probiotics (CTP). Participants in the CT and CTP groups performed circuit training 3 times/week with 2 circuits of exercises from weeks 1-8 followed by 3 circuits of exercises from weeks 9-12. Participants in the P and CTP groups consumed multi-strain probiotics containing 3 × 1010 colony-forming units of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. lactis, L. casei, Bifidobacterium longum, B. bifidum and B. infantis twice daily for 12 weeks. Measurements of body height and weight, blood pressure, resting heart rate, blood samples, and isokinetic muscular strength and power were carried out at pre- and post-tests. Isokinetic knee strength and power in CT and CTP groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at post-test. In addition, interleukin (IL)-10 concentration was significantly increased (P < 0.0001) at post-test in P and CT but a trend toward significant increase in CTP (P = 0.09). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in IL-6. This study suggests that 12 weeks of circuit training alone and the combination of circuit training and probiotic consumption improved muscular performance while circuit training alone and probiotics alone increased IL-10 concentration.
Fulltext Bone Mechanical Properties and Mineral Density in Response to Cessation of Jumping Exercise and Honey Supplementation in Young Female Rats

Tavafzadeh SS, Ooi FK, Chen CK, Sulaiman SA, Hung LK

Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:938782.
PMID: 26176016 DOI: 10.1155/2015/938782

This study investigated effects of cessation of exercise and honey supplementation on bone properties in young female rats. Eighty-four 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into 7 groups: 16S, 16J, 16H, 16JH, 8J8S, 8H8S, and 8JH8S (8 = 8 weeks, 16 = 16 weeks, S = sedentary without honey supplementation, H = honey supplementation, and J = jumping exercise). Jumping exercise consisted of 40 jumps/day for 5 days/week. Honey was given to the rats at a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight/rat/day via force feeding for 7 days/week. Jumping exercise and honey supplementation were terminated for 8 weeks in 8J8S, 8H8S, and 8JH8S groups. After 8 weeks of cessation of exercise and honey supplementation, tibial energy, proximal total bone density, midshaft cortical moment of inertia, and cortical area were significantly higher in 8JH8S as compared to 16S. Continuous sixteen weeks of combined jumping and honey resulted in significant greater tibial maximum force, energy, proximal total bone density, proximal trabecular bone density, midshaft cortical bone density, cortical area, and midshaft cortical moment of inertia in 16JH as compared to 16S. These findings showed that the beneficial effects of 8 weeks of combined exercise and honey supplementation still can be observed after 8 weeks of the cessation and exercise and supplementation.
Fulltext Effects of Aerobic Dance Exercise and Honey Supplementation Followed by Their Subsequent Cessation on Bone Metabolism Markers and Antioxidant Status in Young Collegiate Females

Tavafzadeh SS, Chen CK, Ooi FK, Hamzah NA, Sulaiman SA, Osman JM

Malays J Med Sci, 2023 Jun;30(3):151-166.
PMID: 37425377 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.3.14

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity and proper nutritional intake are crucial for bone health. However, it is unclear if this health benefit is maintained after the removal of these stimuli. This study investigated the combined effects of aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation, followed by their subsequent cessation on bone metabolism markers and antioxidant status in females.
METHODS: Forty-eight young female college students were assigned into four groups: i) 16S (16 weeks of sedentary activity); ii) 8E×8S (8 weeks of exercise followed by 8 weeks of sedentary activity); iii) 8H8S (8 weeks of honey supplementation followed by 8 weeks of sedentary activity) and iv) 8E×H8S (8 weeks of combined exercise and honey supplementation followed by 8 weeks of sedentary activity). Blood samples were collected from the participants prior to the intervention, at week 8 and at week 16 for the analysis of bone metabolism markers and antioxidant status.
RESULTS: At the mid test, bone speed of sound (SOS) (P < 0.01), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P < 0.001) and serum osteocalcin (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the 8E×H8S group as compared to 16S group. After 8 weeks of cessation of exercise and honey supplementation, bone SOS was also significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the 8E×H8S group as compared to 16S group. In addition, the serum total calcium (P < 0.001), serum ALP (P < 0.01), total antioxidant status (TAS) (P < 0.01) and glutathione (GSH) (P < 0.01) in the 8E×H8S group were significantly higher at the post-test as compared to their respective pre-test values.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that there was improved maintenance of the beneficial effects induced by 8 weeks of combined exercise and honey supplementation on bone properties and the antioxidant status after 8 weeks of cessation of exercise and honey supplementation as compared to exercise and honey supplementation alone.

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