AIMS OF THE STUDY: The compounds were quantified from 21 hydrolyzed extracts of the phytotherapies for gout. The activity-content contributions of the compounds to the potent extracts were determined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-hyperuricemic activities of the extracts and the compounds were determined using a xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) coupled with Photodiode Array Detector (PDA) was used to quantify the compounds in the extracts.
RESULTS: The results revealed higher activity of the hydrolyzed extracts. The hydrolyzed extract of the flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum Merr. & L.M.Perry exhibited the highest activity (EC50 = 39.58 ± 0.10 μg/mL) due to the highest content of myricetin (42,297.55 ± 159.47 μg/g). The activity-content contribution of myricetin was 7.69%. Due to the highest activity of apigenin (EC50 = 3.27 ± 0.09 μg/mL), the highest contribution of this flavone (29.96%) to the hydrolyzed extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. was observed.
CONCLUSION: The results revealed different contents and activities of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in the hydrolyzed extracts of anti-hyperuricemic plants can play a major role to influence the activity.
METHODS: A systematic search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects [DARE]) was conducted from inception up to September 30, 2014. Full-text English articles of qualitative studies describing parents' perceptions relating to the care of children younger than 12 years of age and diagnosed with a sole disorder of autism were included.
RESULTS: A total of 50 eligible articles were appraised and analyzed, identifying four core themes encompassing all thoughts, emotions, and experiences commonly expressed by parents: 1) The Parent, 2) Impact on the Family, 3) Social Impact, and 4) Health and Educational Services. Findings revealed that parents who have a child with autism experienced multiple challenges in different aspects of care, impacting on parents' stress and adaptation.
CONCLUSION: Health care provision should be family centered, addressing and supporting the needs of the whole family and not just the affected child, to ensure the family's well-being and quality of life in the face of a diagnosis of autism.
METHODS: Two extractions were processed and further fractionated by column chromatography to evaluate the concentration that inhibit 50% of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-suslfonic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radicals, and their ferric reducing antioxidant power. The identification of the fractions of phenolic compounds was done by ultra performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS: The aqueous-acetone extracts of Feretia apodanthera and Ozoroa insignis exhibited the highest antioxidant potentials comparable to those of the standard quercetin. Their subsequently silica gel column fractionation showed three most active fractions from which the major constituents quercetin, myricetin, kampferol, rutin and isoquercetin were identified.
CONCLUSIONS: These plant species have potent antioxidant profiles and polyphenol compounds that may help to manage with radical related disease and aging.