METHOD: This systematic review was conducted to identify and describe FFQs that measure dietary intake of pre-diabetic patients and to examine their relative validity and reliability. The systematic search was done through electronic databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus. Methodological quality of included studies and results of study outcome was also summarized in this review.
RESULT: The search identified 445 papers, of which 18 studies reported 15 FFQs, met inclusion criteria. Most of the FFQs (n = 12) were semi-quantitative while three were frequency measures with portion size estimation of selected food items. Test-retest reliability of FFQ was reported in 7 (38.3%) studies with the correlation coefficient of 0.33-0.92. Relative validity of FFQ was reported in 16 (88.8%) studies with the range of correlation coefficient of 0.08-0.83. Dietary patterns rich in carbohydrate, fat, animal protein and n-3 fatty acids were associated with increased risk of pre-diabetes.
CONCLUSION: No well-established disease-specific FFQ identified in the literature. Development of a valid, practical and reliable tool is needed for better understanding of the impact of diet in pre-diabetic population.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the association between diet quality evaluated by healthy eating index (HEI) with the glucose outcome in individuals with distinct diabetes progression stages, as well as to identify causal factors in relation to their diabetes status.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at clinical care setting in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) between October 2018-March 2019. Normoglycemic controls (n = 47), at-risk of pre-diabetes (n = 58), pre-diabetes (n = 24) as well as individuals with undiagnosed diabetes (n = 18) were queried about their habitual diet by using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between HEI score and 1) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 2) postprandial blood glucose (2-HPP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Multinomial regression was performed to identify predictors associated with diabetes status of study participants.
RESULT: Overall, diet quality of study participants was unsatisfactory with the mean score of 58.05 ± 9.07 that need improvement. Total HEI score was negatively correlated with the 2-HPP levels in pre-diabetic patients (r = - 0.45, p = 0.05). No significant association was revealed between glycemic parameters and total HEI score among other groups. Age, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides and female gender were positively correlated with the risk of pre-diabetes, at-risk of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (p
AIMS: To systematically identify and summarize the available literature on whether the modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes displays similar relationship in both the genders.
METHODS: A systematic search was performed on electronic databases i.e. PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus using "sex", "gender", "modifiable risk factors" and "prediabetes" as keywords. Reference list from identified studies was used to augment the search strategy. Methodological quality and results from individual studies were summarized in tables.
RESULTS: Gender differences in the risk factor association were observed among reviewed studies. Overall, reported association between risk factors and prediabetes apparently stronger among men. In particular, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking and alcohol drinking habits were risk factors that showed prominent association among men. Hypertension and poor diet quality may appear to be stronger among women. General obesity showed stringent hold, while physical activity not significantly associated with the risk of prediabetes in both the genders.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests the existence of gender differences in risk factors associated with prediabetes, demands future researchers to analyze data separately based on gender. The consideration and the implementation of gender differences in health policies and in diabetes prevention programs may improve the quality of care and reduce number of diabetes prevalence among prediabetic subjects.
OBJECTIVE: To explore self-reported confidence level of pharmacists, perceived reasons influencing their confidence and socio-demographic associated with high confidence level in the area of anticoagulation.
METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out among fully registered pharmacists who work in selected government hospitals and clinics in Borneo, Malaysia, from January 2019 to February 2020.
RESULTS: Overall, responses from 542 fully registered pharmacists were obtained. Proportion of respondents who claimed confident in providing necessary information to patient receiving warfarin (n = 479, 88.3%) was significantly higher (p
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted among subjects with borderline diabetes aged ≥18 years who visited a primary healthcare centre at Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2017 to December 2018. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.
RESULTS: A total of 250 participants with borderline diabetes were included in the analysis. Of them, 93.6% (n=234) had lipid abnormalities. Isolated dyslipidaemia characterised by a high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (38.8%, n=97) was the most common pattern found, followed by combined dyslipidaemia of high LDL-C and triglyceride (TG) levels (22.8%, n=57). The male sex was found to be significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.09-3.1)(P=0.02). Diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg was significantly associated with a low HDL-C level (A0R=2.09, 95% CI=1.0-4.1) (P=0.03).
CONCLUSION: The majority of subjects with borderline diabetes have lipid abnormalities. Specifically, isolated dyslipidaemia characterised by a high LDL-C level is alarmingly prevalent. Further large-scale robust studies are needed to confirm the present findings.