Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 25 in total

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  1. Sidhu P, Shankargouda S
    Br Dent J, 2014 Sep;217(5):206.
    PMID: 25213497 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.764
  2. Sidhu P, Muthusamy S, Kannan S, Muthu K
    Int J Dent Hyg, 2015 Nov;13(4):239-40.
    PMID: 25847230 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12137
  3. Sidhu PS, Ng SC
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1991 May;20(3):324-7.
    PMID: 1929172
    The case records of 64 patients with malaria over a five year period admitted to the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were examined. There were 32 cases of P. falciparum, 26 cases of P. vivax and two cases of mixed infections. Four cases of P. malariae were recorded. The clinical findings, biochemical and haematological parameters were examined for any indication of a pernicious syndrome. A high index of suspicion of a malarial infection may be based on the findings of anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, hyponatraemia, renal failure and abnormal liver function tests in the face of a negative blood film. These pernicious syndromes occur more often in malignant tertian malaria (anaemia 50%, hyponatraemia 39.1%) but a high percentage of the other malarial species show these abnormalities (P. vivax anaemia 57.7%, hyponatraemia 19.2%). When these abnormalities are present but blood films for malaria parasites are negative, repeat blood films are warranted until a parasitological diagnosis is achieved and correct treatment may be started.
  4. Sidhu PS, Ng SC
    Med J Malaysia, 1991 Jun;46(2):177-82.
    PMID: 1839423
    A review of malaria cases over a five year period from 1984-1988 at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is presented. A total of 64 cases were recorded; 50% of which were due to Plasmodium falciparum, 40.6% were due to Plasmodium vivax, 6.2% due to Plasmodium malariae and 3.1% due to a mixed infection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The breakdown of species type compared similarly with other studies conducted in the region. Of this total, sixteen cases were imported from Pakistan, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Madagascar and Mali. The presenting symptoms and the clinical findings were typical of a malaria infection. The main problem in the future will be the increase in imported cases of malaria.
  5. Sidhu P, Kannan S, Muthusamy S, Muthu K
    Br Dent J, 2014 Jul;217(2):54.
    PMID: 25060430 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.601
  6. Kannan S, Muthusamy S, Muthu K, Sidhu P
    Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab, 2015 12 29;12(3):260-1.
    PMID: 26811708 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.3.260
    Tori and exostoses are benign bony protuberances that arise from bone surfaces in the oral cavity. The etiology of these growths has been implicated as multifactorial, but no consensus has been reached so far. These painless overgrowths seldom present as a complaint in the dental office unless functional or esthetic complications set in, and there is a fear for cancer. Here we discuss two rare cases where bony overgrowths present in the mouth were extensive and multiple.
  7. Kannan S, Chandrasekaran B, Muthusamy S, Sidhu P, Suresh N
    Gerodontology, 2014 Jun;31(2):149-52.
    PMID: 24797620 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12010
    Burns of the oral mucosa may be caused by thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical or radiation injury. Clinically, these burns can produce localised or diffuse areas of tissue damage depending on the severity and extent of the insult. Most oral thermal burns produce erosions or ulcers on the palate or tongue.
  8. Kannan S, Muthusamy S, Chandrasekaran B, Gopal D, Sidhu P
    J Am Geriatr Soc, 2014 May;62(5):992-4.
    PMID: 24828937 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12813
  9. Shankargouda SB, Sidhu P, Kardalkar S, Desai PM
    J Prosthodont, 2017 Feb;26(2):168-171.
    PMID: 26479878 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12385
    Residual ridge resorption is a rapid, progressive, irreversible, and inevitable process of bone resorption. Long-standing teeth and implants have been shown to have maintained the bone around them without resorption. Thus, overdenture therapy has been proven to be beneficial in situations where few remaining teeth are present. In addition to the various advantages seen with tooth-supported telescopic overdentures, a few shortcomings can also be expected, including unseating of the overdenture, increased bulk of the prosthesis, secondary caries, etc. The precise transfer of the secondary telescopic copings to maintain the spatial relationship, without any micromovement, remains the most critical step in ensuring the success of the tooth-supported telescopic prosthesis. Thus, a simple and innovative technique of splinting the secondary copings was devised to prevent distortion and micromovement and maintain its spatial relationship.
  10. Rath A, Fernandes BA, Sidhu P, Hr P
    Int J Surg Case Rep, 2018;49:166-169.
    PMID: 30015214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.07.006
    INTRODUCTION: Management of wide midline diastemas accompanying an underlying osseous defect is cumbersome which sometimes yields unpredictable results. However, regenerative therapy of these highly aesthetic zones using a Whale's tail flap technique obtains a maximum papilla fill after placement of the bone graft. This case report illustrated the utilisation of Whale's tail technique of flap for a large interdental defect.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A young healthy 31-year-old male patient presented with maxillary midline diastema. Probing depth of 6 mm was also noted over the mesial aspect of the same teeth with localised osseous defect radiographically which lead to a diagnosis of localized chronic periodontitis in relation to those teeth. A Whale's tail technique flap for papilla preservation was performed together with a regenerative procedure using bone graft and GTR membrane.

    DISCUSSION: Midline diastema is a common reported complaint in dentistry due to both aesthetic and functional reasons. Following the treatment, 12 months postoperatively, patient had a probing depth reduction of 3 mm and a gain in clinical attachment of 2 mm. The surgical technique allowed regeneration of wide intrabony defects involving the maxillary anterior teeth with notable interdental diastemas.

    CONCLUSION: This lead to significant improvement of the hard and soft tissue contour as well as it recreated a functional reattachment which was documented up to 12 months postoperatively.

  11. Agarwal S, Ramamurthy PH, Fernandes B, Rath A, Sidhu P
    Dent Res J (Isfahan), 2019 2 13;16(1):24-28.
    PMID: 30745915
    Background: The antimicrobial property of Tinospora cordifolia has been tested against a variety of microorganisms in the literature. The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of commercially available T. cordifolia powder against Streptococcus mutans.

    Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was undertaken in which extract of T. cordifolia was obtained using 100% ethanol by maceration. Seven different concentrations were prepared and tested against S. mutans in brain-heart infusion agar medium. Plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 48 h, and zone of inhibition was measured using Vernier caliper. 0.2% chlorhexidine and dimethylformamide were used as positive and negative controls respectively. The data were analysed by descriptive analytic tests.

    Results: The maximum antibacterial activity of T. cordifolia was observed with a volume of 40 μl at 2% concentration with a zone of inhibition of 19 mm. A 30 μl volume of 0.2% chlorhexidine showed a zone of inhibition of 28 mm, and no zone of inhibition was observed with dimethylformamide.

    Conclusion: Tinospora exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. However, it needs to be confirmed further with in vivo studies.

  12. Steier L, Sidhu P, Qasim SS, Mahdi SS, Daood U
    Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2022 Jan 20;38:102732.
    PMID: 35066134 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102732
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate accuracy of caries detection and the application-sensitivity of the new Designs for Vision's REVEAL™ utilizing a fluorescence activating headlight for excitation purpose.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: REVEAL dental fluorescence loupes and headlight system were used. Occlusal enamel was removed, and mid-coronal dentine was exposed. Carious artificial lesion was created. Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguis were used. The assessment was performed using two diagnostic methods: naked eye and Design for Vision Glasses with inter examiner blinding using two calibrated examiners. After 7 days, Raman measurements were made on dentin disc specimens with 785 nm wavelength. The bacterial counts in colony-forming units (CFU) were used to examine the growth kinetics of biofilms. The collagen fibril structure within the discs was performed using Transmission Electron Microscope. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to image samples at various magnifications. FISH was performed with specimens fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline. Reproducibility was measured by Cohen kappa scores, values of which range from 0 for less than chance agreement to 1 for almost perfect agreement (p P-O peak) are assigned to hydroxyapatite phosphate vibrations. FISH identified nearly all stained bacteria as days and time and dental hard tissue had a significant impact on the number of adherent bacteria. Scanning electron micrographs of polished cross sections of demineralized and non-demineralized specimens with perpendicular each tubule orientation (zone of demineralized dentin inset.

    CONCLUSION: Fluorescent enhanced theragnosis through Reveal vision glasses can ensure constant monitoring and diagnosis of caries progress . This may allow for a better clinical outcome.

  13. Rath A, Ramamurthy PH, Fernandes BA, Sidhu P
    J Conserv Dent, 2017 9 1;20(2):134-136.
    PMID: 28855763 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.212237
    Tooth surface loss (TSL) is a complex phenomenon characterized by the loss of hard tooth structure at various locations of the teeth, usually due to more than one factor. TSL due to abrasion can be significant in patients consuming coarse, abrasive diet. The present case reports an interesting incisal edge abrasion in a female patient, attributed to a particular dietary behavior of long-term consumption of sunflower seeds. All her family members and most of the people from her native place were also reported to have similar lesions by the patient. Larger epidemiological studies to assess the prevalence and severity of such abrasive lesions in geographic areas with this particular dietary habit need to be carried out so that people may be made aware and educated about alternative ways of eating sunflower seeds that will not cause any form of tooth wear.
  14. Rath A, Fernandes BA, Sidhu P, Ramamurthy P
    J Indian Soc Periodontol, 2018 2 15;21(3):245-248.
    PMID: 29440795 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_221_17
    New and innovative surgical techniques are necessary to help the clinician ensure the best results and satisfy patient's expectations. One such periodontal problem that has been challenging to the dental practitioners and impacts the oral health quality of life of patients has been gingival recession. When present anteriorly where esthetics is a major concern, patient centric parameters too become paramount. Root coverage esthetic score (RES) evaluation helps to keep the patient outcomes in mind. This case reports the successful treatment of a wide anterior mucogingival defect using epithelial embossed connective tissue graft which was evaluated for the first time using RES.
  15. Sidhu P, Shankargouda S, Dicksit DD, Mahdey HM, Muzaffar D, Arora S
    J Endod, 2016 Apr;42(4):622-5.
    PMID: 26850688 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.027
    INTRODUCTION: Use of mobile phone has been prohibited in many hospitals to prevent interference with medical devices. Electromagnetic radiation emitted from cellular phones might interfere with electronic working length determination. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of a smart phone (Samsung Galaxy Note Edge) on working length determination of electronic apex locators (EALs) Propex II and Rootor.

    METHODS: Fifteen intact, non-carious single-rooted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. Visually, working length was determined by using a #15 K-file under stereomicroscope (×20). The effect of cellular phones on electronic working length (EWL) was determined under 2 experimental settings: (1) in a closed room with poor signal strength and (2) in a polyclinic set up with good signal strength and 5 conditions: (1) electronically, without cellular phone in room; (2) electronically, with cellular phone in physical contact with EAL; (3) electronically, with mobile phone in physical contact with EAL and in calling mode for a period of 25 seconds; (4) electronically, mobile phone placed at a distance of 40 cm from the EAL; and (5) electronically, mobile phone placed at a distance of 40 cm and in calling mode for a period of 25 seconds. The EWL was measured 3 times per tooth under each condition. Stability of the readings was scored from 1 to 3: (1) good stability, (2) stable reading after 1 attempt, and (3) stable reading after 2 attempts. The data were compared by using analysis of variance.

    RESULTS: The EWL measurements were not influenced by the presence of cellular phone and could be determined under all experimental conditions.

    CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that mobile phones do not interfere with the EWL determination.

  16. Sidhu P, Shankargouda S, Rath A, Hesarghatta Ramamurthy P, Fernandes B, Kumar Singh A
    J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2018 11 01;11(1):82-88.
    PMID: 30391123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.12.004
    Oral health influences general well-being and quality of life. Oral diseases can be debilitating and are a major heath concern worldwide. Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years for treating human diseases. Considering the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens and financial difficulties in developing countries, there is an urgent need for developing new antimicrobial compounds which are safe, efficient and cost effective. Liquorice also known as yashtimadhu, sweetwood or mulhatti is one such herbal remedy which has shown to have immense potential in treatment of orofacial diseases. Liquorice is rich in secondary metabolites which are used in cosmetics, foods, traditional and modern medicine. It has well known properties such as antiviral, glucocorticoid, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-ulcerative, anti-carcinogenic and many more. Liquorice extracts and liquorice bioactive ingredients such as glabridin, licoricidin, licorisoflavan A, licochalcone A, and glycyrrhizin have shown beneficial effects in preventing and treating oral diseases. This paper reviews the effects of liquorice and its constituents on oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, candidiasis, recurrent aphthous ulcer and oral cancer and its use as a root canal medicament and summarizes the results of clinical trials that investigated the potential beneficial effects of liquorice and its constituents as a prevention and treatment modality in oral diseases. Clinical trials, case reports and review of literature evaluating the effect of liquorice on oral microorganisms and oral diseases are included. Literature pertaining to the effects of liquorice on systemic diseases have been excluded from this review of literature.
  17. Rath A, Wong Li Zheng M, Hesarghatta Ramamurthy P, Sidhu P, Pannuti CM, Fernandes B, et al.
    Eur J Dent Educ, 2023 Feb;27(1):9-18.
    PMID: 35023265 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12770
    INTRODUCTION: Evidence-based dental practice provides patient-centred, compatible and efficient interventions and forms the basis for health profession education. So far, there is a paucity of data about Malaysian undergraduate dental education and the role of evidence-based dentistry in it. The current research aimed to study the level of knowledge, attitude, practice and confidence of dental undergraduate students in Malaysia towards evidence-based dental practice.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study included final-year undergraduate dental students (N = 645) who completed a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire that analysed the domains of perceived knowledge, practice, critical appraisal and attitude towards evidence-based dentistry. We further explored the association between these domains with the type of curriculum, sex, prior research experience and EBD training.

    RESULTS: A total of (n = 526) students participated (response rate of 81.55%). About 92% knew about evidence-based dentistry. Whilst 58% had undergone formal training in evidence-based dentistry, 90% of the respondents showed an overall positive attitude towards evidence-based dentistry. However, only 45% of them practised it most of the time. Schools with an integrated curriculum showed more willingness and practised evidence-based dentistry more frequently (p 

  18. Ramamurthy P, Rath A, Sidhu P, Fernandes B, Nettem S, Fee PA, et al.
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2022 Feb 11;2(2):CD012981.
    PMID: 35146744 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012981.pub2
    BACKGROUND: Pit and fissure sealants are plastic materials that are used to seal deep pits and fissures on the occlusal surfaces of teeth, where decay occurs most often in children and adolescents. Deep pits and fissures can retain food debris and bacteria, making them difficult to clean, thereby causing them to be more susceptible to dental caries. The application of a pit and fissure sealant, a non-invasive preventive approach, can prevent dental caries by forming a protective barrier that reduces food entrapment and bacterial growth. Though moderate-certainty evidence shows that sealants are effective in preventing caries in permanent teeth, the effectiveness of applying pit and fissure sealants to primary teeth has yet to be established.

    OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of sealants compared to no sealant or a different sealant in preventing pit and fissure caries on the occlusal surfaces of primary molars in children and to report the adverse effects and the retention of different types of sealants.

    SEARCH METHODS: An information specialist searched four bibliographic databases up to 11 February 2021 and used additional search methods to identify published, unpublished and ongoing studies. Review authors scanned the reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews for further studies.

    SELECTION CRITERIA: We included parallel-group and split-mouth randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a sealant with no sealant, or different types of sealants, for the prevention of caries in primary molars, with no restriction on follow-up duration. We included studies in which co-interventions such as oral health preventive measures, oral health education or tooth brushing demonstrations were used, provided that the same adjunct was used with the intervention and comparator. We excluded studies with complex interventions for the prevention of dental caries in primary teeth such as preventive resin restorations, or studies that used sealants in cavitated carious lesions.

    DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. We presented outcomes for the development of new carious lesions on occlusal surfaces of primary molars as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Where studies were similar in clinical and methodological characteristics, we planned to pool effect estimates using a random-effects model where appropriate. We used GRADE methodology to assess the certainty of the evidence.

    MAIN RESULTS: We included nine studies that randomised 1120 children who ranged in age from 18 months to eight years at the start of the study. One study compared fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant with no sealant (139 tooth pairs in 90 children); two studies compared glass ionomer-based sealant with no sealant (619 children); two studies compared glass ionomer-based sealant with resin-based sealant (278 tooth pairs in 200 children); two studies compared fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant with resin-based sealant (113 tooth pairs in 69 children); one study compared composite with fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant (40 tooth pairs in 40 children); and one study compared autopolymerised sealant with light polymerised sealant (52 tooth pairs in 52 children). Three studies evaluated the effects of sealants versus no sealant and provided data for our primary outcome. Due to differences in study design such as age of participants and duration of follow-up, we elected not to pool the data. At 24 months, there was insufficient evidence of a difference in the development of new caries lesions for the fluoride-releasing sealants or no treatment groups (Becker Balagtas odds ratio (BB OR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.42; 1 study, 85 children, 255 tooth surfaces). For glass ionomer-based sealants, the evidence was equivocal; one study found insufficient evidence of a difference at follow-up between 12 and 30 months (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.49; 449 children), while another with 12-month follow-up found a large, beneficial effect of sealants (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.15; 107 children). We judged the certainty of the evidence to be low, downgrading two levels in total for study limitations, imprecision and inconsistency. We included six trials randomising 411 children that directly compared different sealant materials, four of which (221 children) provided data for our primary outcome. Differences in age of the participants and duration of follow-up precluded pooling of the data. The incidence of development of new caries lesions was typically low across the different sealant types evaluated. We judged the certainty of the evidence to be low or very low for the outcome of caries incidence. Only one study assessed and reported adverse events, the nature of which was gag reflex while placing the sealant material.

    AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The certainty of the evidence for the comparisons and outcomes in this review was low or very low, reflecting the fragility and uncertainty of the evidence base. The volume of evidence for this review was limited, which typically included small studies where the number of events was low. The majority of studies in this review were of split-mouth design, an efficient study design for this research question; however, there were often shortcomings in the analysis and reporting of results that made synthesising the evidence difficult. An important omission from the included studies was the reporting of adverse events. Given the importance of prevention for maintaining good oral health, there exists an important evidence gap pertaining to the caries-preventive effect and retention of sealants in the primary dentition, which should be addressed through robust RCTs.

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