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  1. Rathnayake S, Athukorala Y, Siop S
    Nurse Educ Today, 2016 Jan;36:439-44.
    PMID: 26507448 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.10.007
    With the increased number of older people globally, caring for older people has become a challenge for many countries. Nurses have a pivotal role in providing quality care for older people and care is affected by their attitudes. The preparation of nurses to deliver quality care needs to be instilled during their studying in the Schools of Nursing.
  2. Chai LS, Putit Z, Siop S
    BMC Nurs, 2016;15:33.
    PMID: 27239162 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-016-0155-5
    Persisting delay in seeking treatment among Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patients was reported in Malaysia despite intensified efforts in educating the public on symptoms of AMI and the importance of seeking prompt treatment. Studies outside Malaysia have shown that patients' personal thoughts during symptom onset could contribute to the delay. The purpose of this study is to explore the barriers of AMI patients prior to the decision of seeking treatment in Malaysia.
  3. Yong SY, Siop S, Kho WM
    Nurs Open, 2021 Jan;8(1):200-209.
    PMID: 33318828 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.619
    AIMS: To determine the prevalence, characteristics of EM activities, the relationship between level of activity and mode of ventilation and adherence rate of EM protocol.

    BACKGROUND: Mobilizing ICU patients remains a challenge, despite its safety, feasibility and positive short-term outcomes.

    DESIGN: A cross-sectional point prevalence study.

    METHODS: All patients who were eligible and admitted to the adult ICUs during March 2018 were recruited. Data were analysed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24 for Windows.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of EM practice was 65.6%. The most frequently reported avoidable and unavoidable factors inhibit mobility were deep sedation and vasopressor infusion, respectively. Level II of activity was the most common level of activity performed in ICU patients. The invasive ventilated patient had 12.53 the odds to stay in bed as compared to non-invasive ventilated patient. An average adherence rate of EM protocol was 52.5%.

  4. Chai LS, Siop S, Putit Z, Lim L, Gunggu A, Tie SF
    J Nurs Res, 2020 Feb;28(1):e64.
    PMID: 31107774 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000328
    BACKGROUND: The rate of cardiac rehabilitation attendance at the Sarawak Heart Centre was identified as very low, and the reason has not been investigated. A scale is needed to identify barriers to participation in cardiac rehabilitation among patients with heart disease in Sarawak, Malaysia.

    PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to translate, adapt, and evaluate the Malay-language version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS) and to measure the psychometric properties of the Malay-version CRBS to justify its use in Sarawak.

    METHODS: A forward and back-translation method was used. Content validity was assessed by three experts. Psychometric testing was conducted on a sample of 283 patients who were eligible to participate in cardiac rehabilitation. A construct validity test was performed using factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine the internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient on 22 participants. Independent-samples t test and analysis of variance were conducted to assess the criterion validity. Mean scores for total barriers of the scale and each individual factor were compared among the different patient characteristics.

    RESULTS: The Malay-version CRBS showed an item level of content validity index of 1.00 for all of the items after improvements were made based on the experts' suggestions. The factor analysis, using principal component analysis with direct oblimin rotation, extracted four factors that differed from the original study. These four factors explained 52.50% of the cumulative percentage of variance. The Cronbach's alphas ranged from .74 to .81 for the obtained factors. Test-retest reliability was established using the intraclass correlation coefficient value of .78. Criterion validity was supported using the significant differences in the mean score for total barriers among educational level, driving distance, travel time to the hospital, and cardiac rehabilitation attendance.

    CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study found the Malay-version CRBS to be a valid and reliable instrument. It may be used with inpatients to identify barriers to participation in cardiac rehabilitation to promote rehabilitation attendance and improve patient care.

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