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  1. Mohd-Ali B, Liew LY, Tai HJ, Wong YY
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):53-5.
    PMID: 23765144 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tears of newly diagnosed keratoconus patients attending the Optometry clinic in Malaysia and to compare this with tears of normal myopic subjects.
    METHODS: The ocular surface of newly diagnosed keratoconus patients were evaluated using tear break up time (TBUT) test, non invasive tear break up time test (NIBUT) and Schirmer test. Twenty keratoconus patients (40 eyes) and 40 normal subjects (80 eyes) participated in this study.
    RESULTS: Significantly lower TBUT and NIBUT values were found in keratoconus patients than normal control subjects (p<0.05). Mean TBUT and NIBUT for keratoconus patients were 3.99±1.69s and 7.03±3.48s and for normal subjects were 7.24±4.39s and 13.67±10.81s respectively. However, no significant difference was detected in Schirmer test values. Mean values of Schirmer tests I and II for keratoconus patients were 20.52±10.66mm and 10.71±10.43mm and for normals were 23.83±11.34mm and 13.27±8.28mm accordingly.
    CONCLUSION: It was concluded from this study that keratoconus patients have poor tear stability which need to be considered appropriately during management of the patients.
    Study site: Optometry clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  2. Jee SL, Amin-Tai H, Fathi NQ, Jabar MF
    ACG Case Rep J, 2018;5:e21.
    PMID: 29577055 DOI: 10.14309/crj.2018.21
    Perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma (PMA) is an oncologic rarity that poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for treating clinicians because there are few reported cases and an absence of definitive guidelines. We report a patient who had been treated with local surgery for recurrent perianal abscess with fistula for 3 years. Biopsy of the indurated tissue overlying his surgical scars revealed PMA. Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by abdominoperineal resection was planned to address the locally advanced disease and ongoing sepsis. Our case is unique in that the fistula preceded carcinoma by only 3 years instead of the typical 10 years.
  3. Kosai NR, Amin-Tai H, Gendeh HS, Salleh S, Reynu R, Taher MM, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2015;166(3):110-3.
    PMID: 26152617 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1839
    Acute abdominal pain in pregnancy remains a surgical conundrum. A 25-year-old primigravid at 29 weeks gestation presented with a two-week history of epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. She had a distended abdomen consistent with a full term gravid uterus; tender at the epigastric and right hypochondrium suggestive of small bowel obstruction or acute appendicitis. Abdominal ultrasound was inconclusive but abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) suggested small bowel volvulus. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a segmental jejunal volvulus and small bowel diverticulum contributing to the volvulus. A short segmental bowel resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed a Meckel's Diverticulum. The patient recovered well but underwent premature labour 10 days later. Small bowel obstruction secondary to Meckel's diverticulum is rare in pregnancy. In an acute gestational abdomen, clinical examination is key. Radiological imaging may be helpful, whilst surgical intervention is confirmatory and therapeutic in the event of an obstructive volvulus.
  4. Chuah SY, Tan WF, Yap KH, Tai HE, Chow ST
    Forensic Sci Int, 1994 Oct 21;68(3):169-80.
    PMID: 7982636
    The distributions of the D1S80 alleles and genotypes in the Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore were determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AMP-FLP) analysis. The distributions of the observed genotypes for the three races conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The system was applied to 19 families whose paternity had been established by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In all cases, Mendelian inheritance of the alleles at the D1S80 locus could be demonstrated. D1S80 typing on DNA recovered by differential extraction of forensic specimens which included vaginal swabs, urethral swabs and seminal stains yielded consistent results.
  5. Klionsky DJ, Abdel-Aziz AK, Abdelfatah S, Abdellatif M, Abdoli A, Abel S, et al.
    Autophagy, 2021 Jan;17(1):1-382.
    PMID: 33634751 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280
    In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
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