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  1. Validation of immunogenic PASD1 peptides against HLA-A*24:02 colorectal cancer
    Soh JE, Abu N, Sagap I, Mazlan L, Yahaya A, Mustangin M, et al.
    Immunotherapy, 2019 10;11(14):1205-1219.
    PMID: 31478431 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0073
    Colorectal cancer is the third commonest malignancy in Asia including Malaysia. The immunogenic cancer-testis antigens, which are expressed in a variety of cancers but with limited expression in normal tissues except the testis, represent an attractive approach to improve treatment options for colorectal cancer. We aimed to validate four PASD1 peptides as the immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. First, PASD1 mRNA and protein expression were determined via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The PASD1 peptides specific to HLA-A*24:02 were investigated using IFN-y-ELISpot assay, followed by the cytolytic and granzyme-B-ELISpot assays to analyze the cytolytic effects of CD8+ T cells. Gene and protein expressions of PASD1 were detected in 20% and 17.3% of colorectal cancer samples, respectively. PASD1(4) peptide was shown to be immunogenic in colorectal cancer samples. CD8+ T cells raised against PASD1(4) peptide were able to lyze HLA-A*24:02+ PASD1+ cells. Our results reveal that PASD1(4) peptide represents a potential target for colorectal cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunotherapy*
  2. The potential immune-eliciting cancer testis antigens in colorectal cancer
    Chi Soh JE, Abu N, Jamal R
    Immunotherapy, 2018 09;10(12):1093-1104.
    PMID: 30185136 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0044
    The identification of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) has been an important finding in the search of potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. CTA is one of the subfamilies of the large tumor-associated antigens groups. It is aberrantly expressed in various types of human tumors but is absent in normal tissues except for the testis and placenta. This CTAs-restricted pattern of expression in human malignancies together with its potential immunogenic properties, has stirred the interest of many researchers to use CTAs as one of the ideal targets in cancer immunotherapy. To date, multiple studies have shown that CTAs-based vaccines can elicit clinical and immunological responses in different tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This review details our current understanding of CTAs and CRC in regard to the expression and immunological responses as well as some of the critical hurdles in CTAs-based immunotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunotherapy/trends*
  3. Humanization of chimeric anti-CD20 antibody by logical and bioinformatics approach with retention of biological activity
    Khoo YL, Cheah SH, Chong H
    Immunotherapy, 2017 06;9(7):567-577.
    PMID: 28595518 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0016
    AIM: To develop a fully bioactive humanized antibody from the chimeric rituximab for potential clinical applications using a relatively simpler and faster logical and bioinformatics approach.

    METHODS: From bioinformatics data, mismatched mouse amino acids in variable light and heavy chain amphipathic regions were identified and substituted with those common to human antibody framework. Appropriate synthetic DNA sequences inserted into vectors were transfected into HEK293 cells to produce the humanized antibody.

    RESULTS: Humanized antibodies showed specific binding to CD20 and greater cytotoxicity to cancer WIL2-NS cell proliferation than rituximab in vitro.

    CONCLUSION: A humanized version of rituximab with potential to be developed into a biobetter for treatment of B-cell disorders has been successfully generated using a logical and bioinformatics approach.

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