OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of cervical pessary in the prevention of preterm births in multiple pregnancies with a short cervix (<25 mm).
SEARCH STRATEGY: Major databases from 2006 to 20th November 2016 were searched for relevant terms.
SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of cervical pessary on pregnancy outcomes in multiple pregnancies with a short cervix.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Risk ratio was used as the summary measure with random effects model. We assessed heterogeneity between studies using the I2 index. Quality assessment was done based on Cochrane Handbook Method.
MAIN RESULTS: Pooled data showed no benefit of using cervical pessary in the prevention of preterm births, birth weights less than 1500 g, less than 2500 g, adverse neonatal events and fetal/neonatal deaths in twin pregnancies with a short cervix.
CONCLUSION: We are unable to show benefit of using cervical pessary in preventing preterm births in twin pregnancies with a short cervix. However, as cervical pessary is a reasonable intervention, there is a need for more randomized controlled trials in this area.
METHODS: Cross-sectional baseline evaluation of EVOLVE: an international, multicenter, non-interventional study investigating the safety of injectable glucose-lowering drugs in pregnant women with pre-existing type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data were collected at enrollment visit interviews before gestational week 16.
RESULTS: In total, 2383 women from 17 mainly European countries were enrolled in the study: 2122 with T1D and 261 with T2D; mean age was 31 and 33 years, and duration of diabetes was 15 and 6 years, respectively. For women with T1D or T2D, 63% and 75%, respectively, received basal and rapid-acting insulin, 36% and 3% rapid-acting insulin only, 0.7% and 14.0% basal insulin only, 0.2% and 5.4% premix insulin, 0.0% and 1.2% injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment without insulin. In women with T1D or T2D, respectively, during early pregnancy, 59% and 62% had HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol); 16% and 36% reported not taking folic acid before or during early pregnancy. Overall, >40% of women had ≥1 chronic concomitant condition (predominantly thyroid disease or hypertension). Retinopathy was the most commonly reported diabetic complication. The most commonly reported previous pregnancy complication was miscarriage.
CONCLUSIONS: Baseline data from this large multinational population of women with pre-existing diabetes indicate that sub-optimal glycemic control, poor pregnancy planning, and chronic concomitant conditions were common in early pregnancy.