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  1. Hussein NS, Samat SB, Abdullah MA, Gohar MN
    Turk J Urol, 2013 Jun;39(2):90-5.
    PMID: 26328087 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2013.015
    OBJECTIVE: The functional outcome following hypospadias repair is as important as the cosmetic outcome. Currently, structured scoring systems, patient questionnaires and evaluations of photographs and uroflowmetry are used to assess the results of hypospadias repair. In the present study, we assessed the outcomes of two-stage hypospadias repair using Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation-HOSE and measures of uroflowmetry.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over a period of eight years, from January 1997 to December 2004, 126 hypospadias patients were treated, 90 of these patients received two-stage repairs and 36 patients received single-stage repairs. HOSE questionnaire and uroflowmetry data were obtained to evaluate the long-term outcome of the two-stage hypospadias repairs.

    RESULTS: The age at the time of assessment ranged from 8 to 23 years-old, with a mean follow-up time of 39.78 months. Thirty-five patients had proximal hypospadias, and 20 had distal hypospadias. Of the 55 patients who received complete two-stage hypospadias repair and agreed to participate in the study, nineteen patients had acceptable HOSE scores and 36 patients had non-acceptable scores. The uroflow rates of 43 of the subjects were below the fifth percentile in three patients, equivocal (between the 5(th) and 25(th) percentile) in four patients and above the 25(th) percentile in 36 patients.

    CONCLUSION: Two-stage repair is a suitable technique for all types of hypospadias with varying outcomes. HOSE and uroflowmetry are simple, easy, non-invasive and non-expensive tools for objectively assessing the long-term outcomes of hypospadias repair.

  2. Manogran V, Govindarajan N, Naidu KR
    Turk J Urol, 2015 Jun;41(2):104-7.
    PMID: 26328212 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2015.04378
    Renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) are uncommon. RAA is generally an incidental finding; however, in certain instances, it may be a devastating pathology. This is particularly true in case of pregnant females where the incidence of rupture is high if untreated, with high mortality rates for both the mother and the fetus. Early intervention in this particular high-risk group is advocated.
  3. Salman M, Khan AH, Sulaiman SAS, Hughes J, Khan JH, Hussain K
    Turk J Urol, 2018 Jul;44(4):335-340.
    PMID: 29932403 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2018.44834
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study was to develop an Urdu version of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS-U) and validate it for Pakistani patients suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
    MATERIAL AND METHODS: IPSS-U was developed by a two-step forward and back translation and to evaluate its psychometric properties, a prospective study involving patients suffering from LUTS (n=267) was conducted at Outpatient Urology Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Internal consistency and reproducibility were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Moreover, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine dimensionality of IPSS-U items.
    RESULTS: Overall reliability of IPSS-U was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha=0.72, ICC of symptom questions=0.92 and ICC of QOL index=0.75). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that two factors were consistent, which together explained 59.8% of the variance. IPSS-U items 1, 3, 5 and 6 were components of the first factor whereas item 2, 4 and 7 were components of the second factor. All the items loaded high on their factors and there were no cross loadings. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis also showed two-factor model, with acceptable fitting patterns.
    CONCLUSION: IPSS-U is a valid and reliable non-gender specific instrument to assess the frequency and severity of LUTS in Urdu-speaking population.
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