Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 132 in total

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  1. Chua CT
    Family Physician, 1991;3:16-8.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury
  2. Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Sarriff A, Adnan AS, Khan YH
    J Bras Nefrol, 2016 12;38(4):483-484.
    PMID: 28001178 DOI: 10.5935/0101-2800.20160078
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury*
  3. Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Khan YH, Adnan AS, Sarriff A
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2017 5 26;28(3):667-669.
    PMID: 28540914 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.206453
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury*
  4. Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Sarriff A, Adnan AS, Khan YH
    Acta Med Port, 2016 Feb;29(2):157-8.
    PMID: 27234957 DOI: 10.20344/amp.6900
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/mortality*; Acute Kidney Injury/virology*
  5. Lal C, Gupta A, Khaira A, Tiwari SC
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):184.
    PMID: 20058588
    Sir, We here are highlighting the scenario of presentation of renal dysfunction in developing countries like India where a large number of patients present clinically as acute renal failure (ARF) but on thorough evaluation found to have advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 4 and 5)1 . Historically these patients are symptomatic for few days prior to presenting. Preceding slight unwell-ness is ignored either by patient or his family physician. They are often being treated with non-specific medications like analgesics and multivitamins which act as placebo. Iron deficiency anemia is unevaluated for a renal cause. Non-standardized laboratories under diagnose early CKD. Ultrasound imaging too is of poor quality. All the more there are no nationalized health screening programmes. To add to the dismal scenario, at the tertiary care centres they are initially admitted as ARF, with a hope of significant recovery. But later on they turn out to be CKD 5.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis*
  6. Philip N, Lung Than LT, Shah AM, Yuhana MY, Sekawi Z, Neela VK
    BMC Infect Dis, 2021 Oct 19;21(1):1081.
    PMID: 34666707 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06766-5
    BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging disease with vast clinical presentations, that ranges from subclinical or mild to severe and fatal outcomes. Leptospirosis can be managed well if diagnosed earlier, however, similar clinical presentations by several other febrile illnesses or co-infections, and laboratory diagnostic challenges due to the biphasic nature of the illness, often result in mis- or underdiagnosis, thereby lead to severe illness. Identification of clinical predictors for the severe form of the disease plays a crucial role in reducing disease complication and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to determine the clinical predictors associated with severe illness among leptospirosis patients from Central Malaysia through a prospective multicenter observational study.

    METHODS: A prospective multicenter observational study was performed on patients admitted for clinically suspected leptospirosis. Three hospitals namely Hospital Serdang, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah and Hospital Teluk Intan were included in the study. Among a total of 165 clinically suspected leptospirosis patients, 83 confirmed cases were investigated for clinical predictors for severe illness. Qualitative variables were performed using χ2 and the relationship between mild and severe cases was evaluated using logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict the independent variable for severity.

    RESULTS: Among the 83 patients, 50 showed mild disease and 33 developed severe illness. The mean age of the patients was 41.92 ± 17.99 and most were males (n = 54, 65.06%). We identified mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury, septic shock, creatinine level of > 1.13 mg/dL, urea > 7 mmol/L, alanine aminotransferase > 50 IU, aspartate aminotransferase > 50 IU, and platelet  50 IU and platelet 

    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury*
  7. Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Sarriff A, Adnan AS, Khan YH, Jummaat F
    Postgrad Med J, 2016 Feb;92(1084):78-86.
    PMID: 26729887 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133582
    Several criteria have been used to stratify acute kidney injury (AKI) in dengue infection and have resulted in variations in its incidence as well as clinic-laboratory characteristics. The current study was aimed to compare three commonly used criteria of AKI among patients with dengue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury
  8. Chow YW, Lim BB, Hooi LS
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):27-32.
    PMID: 17682566 MyJurnal
    A three month prospective study was carried out in 1994 (8/3/94 - 7/6/94) and late 2004/early 2005 (24/11/2004 - 15/2/2005) among patients with acute renal failure (ARF) (serum creatinine > 0.200 mmol/1). Incidence of ARF had increased from 0.48% (78/16,418) to 1.1% (211/18,697) of admissions between 1994 and 2004. Two thirds of patients were male. Mean age was 57.7 +/- 20.1 years in 1994 and 55.6 +/- 17.8 years in 2004. No difference was noted in causative factors, rate of oliguric ARF (about 10%) and mean peak urea and creatinine. The cause was pre-renal failure in 43.6% in 1994 and 53.5% in 2004. The second commonest cause was sepsis with 41% in 1994 and 37.9% in 2004. One in six patients needed dialysis and peritoneal dialysis was the main dialysis modality (69.2% and 74.3%). Mortality was 56.4% in 1994 and 44.5% in 2004. A quarter of deaths occurred within two days of admission due to severe underlying illness. Mortality among non-oliguric patients decreased from 52.9% in 1994 to 37.0% in 2004 (p = 0.04); for patients from intensive care units it was 78.3% in 1994 and 68.5% in 2004.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality*; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy
  9. Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Adnan AS, Sarriff A, Khan YH, Jummaat F
    PLoS One, 2015;10(9):e0138465.
    PMID: 26421839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138465
    BACKGROUND: Dengue induced acute kidney injury (AKI) imposes heavy burden of illness in terms of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate incidence, characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes of AKI among dengue patients.
    METHODOLOGY: A total 667 dengue patients (2008-2013) were retrospectively evaluated and were stratified into AKI and non-AKI groups by using AKIN criteria. Two groups were compared by using appropriate statistical methods.
    RESULTS: There were 95 patients (14.2%) who had AKI, with AKIN-I, AKIN-II and AKIN-III in 76.8%, 16.8% and 6.4% patients, respectively. Significant differences (P<0.05) in demographics and clinico-laboratory characteristics were observed between patients with and without AKI. Presence of dengue hemorrhagic fever [OR (95% CI): 8.0 (3.64–17.59), P<0.001],rhabdomyolysis [OR (95% CI): 7.9 (3.04–20.49)], multiple organ dysfunction OR (95% CI):17.9 (9.14–35.12), P<0.001], diabetes mellitus [OR (95% CI): 4.7 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.034], late hospitalization [OR (95% CI): 2.1 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.033] and use of nephrotoxic drugs [OR(95% CI): 2.9 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.006] were associated with AKI. Longer hospital stay (>3days) was also observed among AKI patients (OR = 1.3, P = 0.044) [corrected].Additionally, 48.4% AKI patients had renal insufficiencies at discharge that were signicantly associated with severe dengue, secondary infection and diabetes mellitus. Overall mortality was 1.2% and all fatal cases had AKI.
    CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AKI is high at 14.2% among dengue patients, and those with AKI portended significant morbidity, mortality, longer hospital stay and poor renal outcomes. Our findings suggest that AKI in dengue is likely to increase healthcare burden that underscores the need of clinicians' alertness to this highly morbid and potentially fatal complication for optimal prevention and management.
    Study site: Hospital University Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality*; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy
  10. Hooi LS
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):251-6.
    PMID: 10968094
    A retrospective review of 246 patients with established acute renal failure (ARF) needing dialysis from 1990-1994 is reported from Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru. Peritoneal dialysis was more commonly used than haemodialysis or haemofiltration. Patients on mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who were hypercatabolic and fluid overloaded were treated with haemofiltration. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.5:1. The majority were Malays (61.4%). Most patients were from the district of Johor Bahru, but 41.5% were from other districts in the Johor state. The mean age was 47.1 years (SD 18.2). The ARF was caused by acute tubular necrosis in 55.3%, post-renal obstruction in 22.8%, nephrotoxins in 5.7% and other causes in 16.2%. The proportions of patients referred from the medical, surgical and obstetric and gynaecology units were 50.8%, 45.5% and 3.7% respectively. The mortality rate was 48%. Patients with established ARF should be dialysed early as they tolerate uraemia poorly. Prevention is by prompt treatment of patients with sepsis, avoidance of hypovolaemia and nephrotoxic drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy*
  11. Segasothy M, Swaminathan M, Kong NC, Bennett WM
    Am J Kidney Dis, 1995 Jan;25(1):63-6.
    PMID: 7810535
    This report describes a patient with acute renal failure that resulted from the ingestion of djenkol beans. Features of acute djenkolism include nausea, vomiting, bilateral loin pain, gross hematuria, and oliguria. The blood urea level was 16.2 mmol/L and the serum creatinine was 460 mumol/L. Phase contrast microscopy of the urinary sediment indicated that the hematuria was nonglomerular. Ultrasound of the kidneys showed slightly enlarged kidneys with no features of obstruction. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis similar to the single animal study reported in the literature. With conservative therapy, which included rehydration with normal saline and alkalinization of the urine with sodium bicarbonate, the acute renal failure resolved. Based on its chemistry, djenkol bean-associated acute renal failure may be analogous to acute uric acid nephropathy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/blood; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*; Acute Kidney Injury/pathology
  12. Suleiman AB
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1982 Jan;11(1):32-5.
    PMID: 7073225
    Over a five year period, 184 patients were treated for acute renal failure. Uraemia was usually treated by peritoneal dialysis, and haemodialysis was reserved for post surgical and hypercatabolic patients. The overall mortality was 33.2% and was highest among surgical patients. These results were similar to previous reports. Peritoneal dialysis was usually effective in controlling uraemia. Uncontrolled sepsis remains a major problem, and septicaemia and gastrointestinal bleeding were adverse factors affecting the outcome. The combination of septicaemia and gastrointestinal bleeding commonly led to a fatal outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy*
  13. Albert C, Zapf A, Haase M, Röver C, Pickering JW, Albert A, et al.
    Am J Kidney Dis, 2020 12;76(6):826-841.e1.
    PMID: 32679151 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.015
    RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: The usefulness of measures of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in urine or plasma obtained on clinical laboratory platforms for predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) has not been fully evaluated. We sought to quantitatively summarize published data to evaluate the value of urinary and plasma NGAL for kidney risk prediction.

    STUDY DESIGN: Literature-based meta-analysis and individual-study-data meta-analysis of diagnostic studies following PRISMA-IPD guidelines.

    SETTING & STUDY POPULATIONS: Studies of adults investigating AKI, severe AKI, and AKI-D in the setting of cardiac surgery, intensive care, or emergency department care using either urinary or plasma NGAL measured on clinical laboratory platforms.

    SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and congress abstracts ever published through February 2020 reporting diagnostic test studies of NGAL measured on clinical laboratory platforms to predict AKI.

    DATA EXTRACTION: Individual-study-data meta-analysis was accomplished by giving authors data specifications tailored to their studies and requesting standardized patient-level data analysis.

    ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Individual-study-data meta-analysis used a bivariate time-to-event model for interval-censored data from which discriminative ability (AUC) was characterized. NGAL cutoff concentrations at 95% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and optimal sensitivity and specificity were also estimated. Models incorporated as confounders the clinical setting and use versus nonuse of urine output as a criterion for AKI. A literature-based meta-analysis was also performed for all published studies including those for which the authors were unable to provide individual-study data analyses.

    RESULTS: We included 52 observational studies involving 13,040 patients. We analyzed 30 data sets for the individual-study-data meta-analysis. For AKI, severe AKI, and AKI-D, numbers of events were 837, 304, and 103 for analyses of urinary NGAL, respectively; these values were 705, 271, and 178 for analyses of plasma NGAL. Discriminative performance was similar in both meta-analyses. Individual-study-data meta-analysis AUCs for urinary NGAL were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73-0.76) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.79-0.81) for severe AKI and AKI-D, respectively; for plasma NGAL, the corresponding AUCs were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.79-0.81) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.84-0.86). Cutoff concentrations at 95% specificity for urinary NGAL were>580ng/mL with 27% sensitivity for severe AKI and>589ng/mL with 24% sensitivity for AKI-D. Corresponding cutoffs for plasma NGAL were>364ng/mL with 44% sensitivity and>546ng/mL with 26% sensitivity, respectively.

    LIMITATIONS: Practice variability in initiation of dialysis. Imperfect harmonization of data across studies.

    CONCLUSIONS: Urinary and plasma NGAL concentrations may identify patients at high risk for AKI in clinical research and practice. The cutoff concentrations reported in this study require prospective evaluation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis*; Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy
  14. Zainal D, Loo CS
    Singapore Med J, 1996 Feb;37(1):44-7.
    PMID: 8783912
    Acute renal failure (ARF) has undergone many changes with advances both in diagnosis and therapy. A retrospective study covering three and a half years from June 1986 to December 1989 of adults admitted to Hospital of the University of Science Malaysia examined the various aspects of presentation of the syndrome, management and areas where improvement can be made. A total of 164 patients were included in the study. 61.6% were male and 38.4% were female. The mean age was 49.8 +/- 17.2 years with 70% of patients being more than 40 years old. The aetiologies of acute renal failure were analysed and discussed. The majority of the patients (80%) had non-oliguric acute renal failure. Oliguric acute renal failure patients have higher mortality and more frequently need dialysis. Early recognition of acute renal failure and discerning use of nephrotoxic drugs could result in decrease in incidence and severity of renal failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality; Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control
  15. Abdul-Rahman NA, Azman RR, Kumar G
    Saudi Med J, 2016 May;37(5):584-6.
    PMID: 27146625 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.5.15042
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis*; Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology; Acute Kidney Injury/surgery
  16. Sulaiman W, Gunavathy M, Othman M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jan;14(1):65-6.
    PMID: 22593655 MyJurnal
    Hepatitis complicating typhoid fever has been previously reported widely. Occurrence of acute renal failure and hepatitis together is exremenly rare. A case report of complicated acute renal failure and hepatitis in a tyhoid patient is reported and discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury
  17. Siow SL, Wong CM, Sohail M
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):168-9.
    PMID: 20058581 MyJurnal
    Gastric outlet obstruction and in particular, pyloric stenosis, is relatively common in developing countries. Acute clinical presentation is often the manifestation of biochemical and electrolyte changes. The presence of metabolic alkalosis in combination with acute renal failure should alarm us to the possibility of adult pyloric stenosis. We report a case of adult pyloric stenosis that presented as acute renal failure and discuss its pathophysiology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*
  18. Md Ghazali AR, Suleiman AB, Md Alif AK, Thillakanu A
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Jun;36(2):104-7.
    PMID: 7343817
    Thirty-four case notes of patients in acute renal failure on whom intravenous urograms (IVU) were performed, were reviewed. All patients received high doses of Conray 420 or Urotrast. Delayed films up to 48 hours were routinely done in patients suspected of having obstruction. There were no side effects of the intravenous urogram examination. IVU with high dose contrast material and nephrogram are helpful in differentiating the cause of the acute renal failure, and in excluding outflow obstruction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/radiography*
  19. Ramanathan M, Lam HS
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Dec;45(4):344-6.
    PMID: 2152058
    This report deals with a father and his son who developed acute renal failure following multiple bee stings. The renal lesion in these patients appears to be due to rhabdomyolysis caused by the bee venom. The other mechanisms are also discussed. The need for clinicians to be aware of acute renal failure as a complication of bee stings is stressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*
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