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MMP-9: biomarker for abdominal aneurysm

Affirul CA, Azim IM, Hanafiah H, Nor Azmi K, Rozman Z

Clin Ter, 2013;164(6):e479-83.
PMID: 24424226 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1640

INTRODUCTION: Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been shown to express significantly on organ tissue culture in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) patients. Prior studies have shown the correlation between MMP-9 concentration levels with AAA raising the probability of its usage as a biomarker in AAA disease. However, results of previous studies have been conflicting. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between MMP-9 concentration levels with AAA disease and further define the utility as a biomarker for our center population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is prospective controlled trial. Peripheral venous blood sample is obtained from 20 patients with AAA and 36 normal control subjects. MMP-9 concentration levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with subjects abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography of abdomen.
RESULTS: Mean (± SE) MMP-9 was 23.94 ± 0.60 ng/mL in normal control subjects and 21.39 ± 1.03 ng/mL in patients with AAAs (p ← 0.05 versus normal control subjects). MMP-9 correlate significantly with AAA (p=0.004). There was no correlation of MMP-9 levels with age, gender, or other risk factors. The cutoff point is 12.54 for aorta size <3.0 cm. The sensitivity and specificity of MMP-9 were 60% and 64% respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: MMP-9 levels correlate significantly with AAA with a cutoff point of 12.54. However, the utility of MMP-9 as a diagnostic test is limited due to low sensitivity and specificity. An elevated MMP-9 has limited use to predict the presence of AAA (positive predictive value: 60%) and a normal MMP-9 level was insufficient to determine the absence of AAA (negative predictive value: 36.1%).

Matched MeSH terms: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis*
Fulltext An uncommon cause of duodenal obstruction

Dharmendran R, Zainal AA

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58(1):135-8.
PMID: 14556341

This is a case report of an elderly male, who presented with duodenal obstruction caused by abdominal aortic aneurysm. An axillo-bifemoral shunting with an infra renal straight inlay graft together with a feeding jejunostomy was performed. This is rare presentation with only a few cases reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis*
High-performance detection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker by immunosensing

Guo S, Li Y, Li R, Zhang P, Wang Y, Gopinath SCB, et al.

Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2020 May;67(3):383-388.
PMID: 31876964 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1877

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious, life-threatening vascular disease that presents as an enlarged area of the aorta, which is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart. AAA may occur at any location in the aorta, but it is mainly found in the abdominal region. A ruptured AAA causes serious health issues, including death. Traditional imaging techniques, such as computed tomography angiogram, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound sonography, have been used to identify AAAs. Circulating biomarkers have recently become attractive for diagnosing AAAs due to their cost-effectiveness compared to imaging. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a secreted hormone vital for human atherosclerotic plaque stability, has been found to be an efficient biomarker for AAA identification. In this report, immunosensing was performed by using an InterDigitated electrode (IDE) sensor to detect circulating levels of IGF-1. The detection limit of IGF-1 was found to be 100 fM with this sensor. Moreover, related protein controls (IGF-2 and IGFBP3) were not detected with the same antibody, indicating selective IGF-1 detection. Thus, immunosensing by using an IDE sensor may help to effectively diagnose AAAs and represents a basic platform for further development.

Matched MeSH terms: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis*
Fulltext Comparative audit of abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs using POSSUM scores

Yii MK

Asian J Surg, 2003 Jul;26(3):149-53.
PMID: 12925289 DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(09)60374-2

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repairs represent a significant workload in vascular surgery in Asia. This study aimed to audit AAA surgery and evaluate the application of the Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (P-POSSUM) in an Asian vascular unit for standard of care. Eighty-five consecutive surgical patients with AAA from a prospective vascular database from July 1996 to December 2001 in Sarawak were available for analysis. Comparisons between predicted deaths by P-POSSUM and observed deaths in both urgency of surgery categories (elective, urgent, emergency ruptures) and risk range groups (0-5%, >5-15%, >15-50%, >50-100%) were made. No significant difference was found between the predicted and observed rates of death for elective, urgent and emergency AAA repairs. The observed mortality rates were 5%, 18% and 30%, respectively. The observed rates of death were also comparable to P-POSSUM predicted rates of death in the various risk range groups. The POSSUM score used with the P-POSSUM mortality equation is easy to use and applicable as a comparative vascular auditing tool in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis
An iron oxide nanoworm hybrid on an interdigitated microelectrode silica surface to detect abdominal aortic aneurysms

Yan G, Li Q, Hong X, Gopinath SCB, Anbu P, Li C, et al.

Mikrochim Acta, 2021 05 11;188(6):185.
PMID: 33977395 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04836-8

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is abnormal swelling in the abdominal aorta and a prevalent life-threatening disease. This research introduces a new interdigitated microelectrode (IDME)-sensing surface modified by iron oxide nanoworms (IONWs) for detecting the AAA biomarker insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1). A sandwich pattern was formulated with the IGF1 aptamer and IGFBP1 (IGF binding protein-1) on the IONW-constructed IDME hybrid to identify IGF1. The surface morphology of the IONWs revealed a uniform distribution of worm-like structures (80-100 nm) as confirmed by FESEM and FETEM analyses. Further, the presence of the major elements, Fe and O, was confirmed by EDX and XPS studies. The crystal planes that appeared in the IONW reflect cubic magnetite. IONW-modified IDME attained a limit of detection for IGF1 of 1 fM (3σ) with an aptamer-IGF1-IGFBP1 sandwich. This sandwich with IGFBP1 enhanced the current level at all concentrations of IGF1 and displayed linearity in the range 1 fM to 100 pM with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.9373 [y = 3.38221x - 4.79]. Control experiments with complementary aptamer sequences, IGF2 and IGFBP3 did not show notable signal changes, indicating the specific detection of IGF1. This IONW constructed electrode helps to achieve the detection of low amounts of IGF1 and diagnose AAA at the stage prior to rupture.

Matched MeSH terms: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis*