METHODS: MEDLINE and Embase (inception to 2023) were systematically searched for observational studies of adults with CKD conducted in Asia that reported the prevalence of anaemia or its treatment. Additional relevant unpublished data were obtained from national experts. Summary estimates of the prevalence of anaemia and its treatment were determined using a random-effects meta-analysis according to country and study-specific CKD inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: Eighty-six studies from 10 Asian countries reported data on 1 342 121 participants. The overall prevalence of anaemia in individuals with CKD was 42% (95% CI 33%-52%), with wide variation (12%-57% in studies including all CKD stages; 21%-96% in studies limited to individuals with kidney failure). Anaemia prevalence progressively increased with more advanced CKD (80% in Stage 5). Studies reporting data on anaemia treatment, particularly in early CKD, were limited. The prevalence of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron therapy was 40% (95% CI 24%-58%) and 21% (95% CI 14%-31%), respectively (ESA: 7%-29% in CKD, 63%-95% in kidney failure; iron: 6%-26% in CKD, 15%-88% in kidney failure).
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a significant, but widely varying, prevalence of anaemia and its treatment in people with CKD in Asia. Substantial variability in data availability and collection highlights the need for standardised reporting to facilitate the development of regionally relevant strategies for anaemia management in CKD.
METHODS: We searched related articles from January 1998 to December 2020 to obtain the prevalence and relative risks (or odds ratio) of GC associated with H. pylori in Asia. The burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection was quantified by Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).
RESULTS: We quantified the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection with 415.6 thousand DALYs and 38.03% PAF through the five included Asian countries in 2019. The study found that the burden had obvious regional differences. The DALYs ranged from 298.9 thousand in China to 1.9 thousand in Malaysia, and the PAFs were between 58.00% in Japan and 30.89% in China. The average prevalence of H. pylori in the included general population was estimated to be 56.29%.
CONCLUSIONS: Helicobacter pylori poses a huge disease burden of GC to the population, and its eradication should receive attention, especially in the countries with high incidence of and mortality due to GC.
METHODS: We systematically reviewed Medline and Embase for population-based studies reporting hospitalization rates for IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) in the 21st century. Log-linear models were used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) with associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Random-effects meta-analysis pooled country-level AAPCs. Data were stratified by the epidemiologic stage of a region: compounding prevalence (stage 3) in North America, Western Europe, and Oceania vs acceleration of incidence (stage 2) in Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America vs emergence (stage 1) in developing countries.
RESULTS: Hospitalization rates for a primary diagnosis of IBD were stable in countries in stage 3 (AAPC, -0.13%; 95% CI, -0.72 to 0.97), CD (AAPC, 0.20%; 95% CI, -1.78 to 2.17), and UC (AAPC, 0.02%; 95% CI, -0.91 to 0.94). In contrast, hospitalization rates for a primary diagnosis were increasing in countries in stage 2 for IBD (AAPC, 4.44%; 95% CI, 2.75 to 6.14), CD (AAPC, 8.34%; 95% CI, 4.38 to 12.29), and UC (AAPC, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.29 to 6.52). No population-based studies were available for developing regions in stage 1 (emergence).
CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization rates for IBD are stabilizing in countries in stage 3, whereas newly industrialized countries in stage 2 have rapidly increasing hospitalization rates, contributing to an increasing burden on global health care systems.
METHODS: The DROP-Asian ACS is a prospective, stepped wedge, cluster-randomized trial enrolling 4260 participants presenting with chest pain to the ED of 12 acute care hospitals in five Asian countries (UMIN; 000042461). Consecutive patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome between July 2022 and Apr 2024 were included. Initially, all clusters will apply "usual care" according to local standard operating procedures including hs-cTnT but not the 0/1-h algorithm. The primary outcome is the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or unplanned revascularization within 30 days. The difference in MACE (with one-sided 95% CI) was estimated to evaluate non-inferiority. The non-inferiority margin was prespecified at 1.5%. Secondary efficacy outcomes include costs for healthcare resources and duration of stay in ED.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of the 0/1-h algorithm in Asian countries and may help to reduce congestion of the ED as well as medical costs.