Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 104 in total

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  1. Mohammad Aidid E, Shalihin MSE, Md Nor A, Hamzah HA, Ab Hamid NF, Saipol Bahri NAN, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 May;78(3):404-410.
    PMID: 37271851
    INTRODUCTION: World Health Organization (2019) has declared colorectal cancer (CRC) as the second most common cancer in females and third in males, where the incidence seems to rise year by year. One of the very few potential pathogens specifically associated with malignant colonic diseases is Streptococcus gallolyticus (Sg). Sg is a part of the intestinal flora which formerly known as biotype I of Streptococcus bovis, belongs to Group D streptococci. Owing to only a few researches done in determining evidence to support Sg as a determinant of CRC, a systematic review is constructed.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full-text articles on case-control and cohort studies published from 1st January 2010 to 1st October 2020 were searched using Google Scholar, PubMed and JSTOR. People of all age groups and Sg bacteraemia or colonisation were the type of participant and exposure used for the search strategy, respectively. Data collection was done by three reviewers and checked by two reviewers for discrepancies. All the papers were critically appraised using the STROBE statement. Qualitative synthesis was done by descriptive comparison, distribution of Sg according to stage comparison, method used for Sg detection comparison and risk of bias comparison.

    RESULT: Seven out of 11 articles that fulfil the eligibility criteria were selected. Four papers have low overall risk of bias due to low confounding or selection bias. Sg is found to be a risk factor for CRC from three papers studied, whereas the other four papers did not include the strength of association. Only two papers studied the association between the distribution of Sg and stages of CRC, where the results were contradictory from each other, making it to be inconclusive. The most common method used for Sg detection is a culturing technique, followed by molecular and biochemical techniques.

    CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to prove the association between Sg bacteraemia as the risk factor for CRC as well as the association between the Sg distribution and stages of CRC. Culturing technique is the most common method used for the detection of bacteria, but it requires subsequent investigations to confirm the presence of Sg. Thus, it is recommended that more studies need to be done using strong statistical analysis to control for most of the confounders with comprehensive explanation and use of more methods in the detection of Sg.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia*
  2. Ismail IH, Zainudin Z, Othman N
    Singapore Med J, 2014 Sep;55(9):506.
    PMID: 25273938
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/diagnosis*
  3. Lee KG, Cheng MO
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Oct;67(5):529.
    PMID: 23770874 MyJurnal
    Varicella-zoster (chickenpox) infection is a common infectious disease and generally considered to be selflimiting. However, severe bacterial complications associated with the disease have been reported. We describe a case of varicella-zoster infection with secondary Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, preseptal orbital cellulitis and extensive facial abscesses. She was aggressively treated with intravenous antibiotics and repeated surgical drainage, and eventually made good recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia
  4. Kanamori T, Kuze N, Bernard H, Malim TP, Kohshima S
    Primates, 2012 Jul;53(3):221-6.
    PMID: 22350273 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-012-0297-3
    Reports of wild great ape fatalities have been very limited, and only two have described wild orangutan deaths. We found a wounded juvenile female Bornean orangutan on 7 October 2006 in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia, and observed the individual's behavior for 7 days until her death on 13 October 2006. The 5-6-year-old orangutan, which we had observed since 2004, was wounded in the left brachium, back, and right hand. The individual's behavior changed after injury; the mean nest-nest active time became significantly shorter than before injury (from 12 h 3 min to 9 h 33 min), the mean waking time became significantly later (0552-0629 hours) and the mean bedtime became significantly earlier (from 1747 to 1603 hours). In the activity budget, resting increased significantly from 28.0 to 53.3%. Traveling and feeding decreased significantly from 23.5 to 12.7% and from 45.6 to 32.8%, respectively. The rate of brachiation during traveling and nest making decreased, whereas ground activity increased from 0 to 9%. We observed one vomiting incident and four occurrences of watery diarrhea during the 7 days before the individual died. The results of an autopsy performed by a local veterinarian suggested that the cause of death was septicemia because of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the severely contaminated wounds. The morphology and distribution of the wounds suggested they had been incurred during an attack by a large animal with fangs and/or claws. This juvenile female became independent of its mother at ~4-5 years of age, slightly earlier than average. This individual might have been vulnerable to predatory attack because of her small body size (~5 kg at death) and lack of the mother's protection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/microbiology; Bacteremia/mortality; Bacteremia/veterinary*
  5. Petrick P, Kong NC, Nordiah AJ, Cheong IK, Tamil MA
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):329-34.
    PMID: 18551939 MyJurnal
    The clinical outcome of bacteraemic patients is influenced by many factors. It is vital to know one's own local hospital epidemiological data so as to provide optimal care to the affected patients. This was a prospective, observational study carried out in the said patient population over a period of four months in the year 2005. One hundred and ninety one patients presented with bacteraemia over the study period. Fifty-two (27%) of the patients died. Mechanical ventilation, inappropriate empirical antibiotic usage, Chinese ethnicity and low serum albumin levels independently affected prognosis. These factors should alert physicians to those patients who require more intensive monitoring and care.
    KEY WORDS:
    Bacteraemia, Blood Culture Positive, Outcome, Risk factors, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/blood; Bacteremia/diagnosis; Bacteremia/epidemiology*
  6. Puthucheary SD, Parasakthi N, Lee MK
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1992 11 1;86(6):683-5.
    PMID: 1287945
    Fifty cases of septicaemic melioidosis were reviewed. There was a preponderance of disease among males (male:female ratio 3.2:1) and those aged over 30 years. The presenting clinical features were very varied and not pathognomonic, ranging from fever, cough and septicaemia to fulminant septicaemia and shock. Pulmonary involvement was recorded in 58% of the patients. Skin and soft tissue sepsis was seen in 24%, but many had signs and symptoms of multiorgan involvement. Associated underlying illness was identified in 76% of patients, diabetes mellitus being the commonest (38%), while 34% had more than one predisposing factor. The mortality of 65% in our series is a reflection of the less than satisfactory status of the diagnosis and therapy of septicaemic melioidosis. Only 24% of our patients received appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. A high index of suspicion of melioidosis in endemic areas and the use of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy would be a step towards reducing the high mortality rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/complications*; Bacteremia/drug therapy; Bacteremia/epidemiology
  7. Sze Yong T, Vijayanathan AA, Chung E, Ng WL, Yaakup NA, Sulaiman N
    J Vasc Access, 2021 Jan 13.
    PMID: 33438482 DOI: 10.1177/1129729820987373
    OBJECTIVE: To compare catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) rate between cuffed tunnelled and non-cuffed tunnelled PICC.

    METHODS: We prospectively followed 100 patients (50:50 cuffed and non-cuffed PICC) and compared CRBSI rate between these groups. Daily review and similar catheter care were performed until a PICC-related complication, completion of therapy, death or defined end-of-study date necessitate removal. CRBSI was confirmed in each case by demonstrating concordance between isolates colonizing the PICC at the time of infection and from peripheral blood cultures.

    RESULTS: A total of 50 cuffed PICC were placed for 1864 catheter-days. Of these, 12 patients (24%) developed infection, for which 5 patients (10%) had a CRBSI for a rate of 2.7 per 1000 catheter-days. Another 50 tunnelled non-cuffed PICCs were placed for 2057 catheter-days. Of these, 7 patients (14%) developed infection, for which 3 patients (6%) had a CRBSI. for a rate of 1.5 per 1000 catheter-days. The mean time to development of infection is 24 days in cuffed and 19 days in non-cuffed groups. The mean duration of utilization was significantly longer in non-cuffed than in cuffed group (43 days in non-cuffed vs 37 days in cuffed group, p = 0.008).

    CONCLUSIONS: Cuffed PICC does not further reduce the rate of local or bloodstream infection. Tunnelled non-cuffed PICC is shown to be as effective if not better at reducing risk of CRBSI and providing longer catheter dwell time compared to cuffed PICC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia
  8. Sen NK
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia
  9. Vijaynanthan, A., Nawawi, O., Abdullah, B.J.J.
    JUMMEC, 2017;20(2):8-12.
    MyJurnal
    In the current study, we report a new technique to place a tunnelled peripherally inserted central catheter
    (PICC) at the upper arm of patient under real-time ultrasound-guided venipuncture using disposal equipment
    provided within a standard PICC set. The tunnelling of the PICC required an extra time of 5 minutes but was
    well tolerated by all patients involved in the study. The tunnelled PICC was applied on 50 patients and the
    infection rate as well its catheter dwell time were compared to another 50 patients with conventional PICC.
    The rate of patients who developed infection decreased from 34% for conventional PICC to 16% in tunnelled
    PICC patients. The central line-associated blood stream infections rate was also decreased from 4.4 per 1000
    catheter-days for conventional PICC to 1.3 per 1000 catheter-days for tunnelled PICC. The mean time to infection
    development for tunnelled PICC (24 days) was longer than those observed with conventional PICC (19 days).
    Tunnelled PICC has also increased the mean catheter dwell time from 27 days (for conventional PICC) to 47
    days. Tunnelling a PICC has the potential to reduce the infection rate while increase the catheter dwell time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia
  10. Wahab AA, Rahman MM
    EXCLI J, 2013;12:997-1000.
    PMID: 27034639
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus that causes wide spectrum clinical infections. However, it is most frequently associated with hospital-acquired infection. In this case a 58-year-old male with underlying hypertension and dyslipidaemia was admitted for acute right leg cellulitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified from the case, though it was not a usual suspected organism. It might be due to community-acquired infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia*
  11. Nor Azizah A, Mohd Nor F, Mohamad M, Zainal Abidin AS, Ariza A, Mohd Nor NS, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 Jun;71(3):117-21.
    PMID: 27495884 MyJurnal
    Bacteremia continues to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality despite the existence of numerous antimicrobial agents. this study aimed to provide a Malaysian perspective on paediatric community-acquired bacteraemia based on the documentation of epidemiology and antimicrobial profile of the isolated pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia*
  12. Tan KK, Sin KS, Ng AJ, Yahya H, Kaur P
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Dec;35(6):648-9.
    PMID: 7761898
    Non-O1 vibrio cholerae infections are associated with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections. Septicaemia due to non-O1 vibrio cholerae is rare and are mainly reported in adults, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of non-O1 vibrio cholerae septicaemia and gastroenteritis in an 8-year-old child. The patient presented with bloody diarrhoea, fever and severe dehydration. Non-O1 vibrio cholerae were isolated from blood and stool cultures. The clinical course was uneventful after starting appropriate rehydration and supportive therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/microbiology*
  13. Lai EM, Nathan AM, de Bruyne JA, Chan LL
    Indian J Pediatr, 2015 May;82(5):439-44.
    PMID: 25179241 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-014-1565-6
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the yield of blood cultures and the impact of blood culture results on the adjustment of empiric antibiotic treatment in children hospitalised with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

    METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia, from 1st August 2010 until 31st July 2011. Children aged between 1 mo and 12 y who were admitted for CAP and had blood cultures performed before starting intravenous antibiotics were recruited. Children with congenital pneumonia, immunodeficiency, chronic cardiac or respiratory disorders, nosocomial pneumonia or those on corticosteroids, were excluded. Decision for admission was made by the attending Accident and Emergency physician.

    RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-one children were enrolled. The median age was 13 mo (range: 38 d-10 y 3 mo) and 59 % were males. Blood cultures were positive in 1.2 % (2/171) of patients while the contamination rate was 1.8 % (3/171). Doctors altered antibiotics based on blood culture results in only one patient.

    CONCLUSIONS: Both the yield and the impact of blood culture results on the adjustment of empiric antibiotic treatment were very small. There was a high contamination rate. The recommended practice of performing blood cultures in all children admitted with CAP should be reviewed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/blood; Bacteremia/drug therapy; Bacteremia/microbiology*
  14. Shaharuddin NR, Leong CL, Chidambaram SK, Lee C
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):337-9.
    PMID: 23082432
    Paraspinal abscess and spondylodiscitis due to Citrobacter koseri is a very rare condition. We report a remarkable case of Citrobacter koseri bacteraemia complicated by paraspinal abscess and spondylodiscitis in a patient who has successfully been treated in our hospital. Our patient demonstrates one of the common challenges in the practice of infectious disease medicine, wherein an innocuous presentation may and often underlie a serious infection. This case report elucidates to us that the diagnosis of a paraspinal abscess and spondylodiscitis requires a high index of suspicion in at risk patient presenting with compatible signs and symptoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/complications; Bacteremia/drug therapy; Bacteremia/microbiology*
  15. Deris ZZ, Van Rostenberghe H, Habsah H, Noraida R, Tan GC, Chan YY, et al.
    Int J Infect Dis, 2010 Jan;14(1):e73-4.
    PMID: 19482535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.005
    We report the first case of a human Burkholderia tropica infection. The patient was a premature neonate who had necrotizing enterocolitis with bowel perforation requiring surgical intervention. The stoma care and difficulties in feeding were a chronic problem. At the age of almost 4 months he developed septicemia due to B. tropica. Three consecutive blood cultures grew this organism. The organism was cleared from the blood after a course of imipenem and resolution of post-operative ileus. Our case suggests that environmental and plant pathogens can cause human infection especially in those in an immunocompromised condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/diagnosis*; Bacteremia/drug therapy; Bacteremia/microbiology
  16. Chiong F, Wasef MS, Liew KC, Cowan R, Tsai D, Lee YP, et al.
    BMC Infect Dis, 2021 Jul 09;21(1):671.
    PMID: 34243714 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06372-5
    BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia (PAB) is associated with high mortality. The benefits of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) has been demonstrated in Staphylococcal aureus bacteraemia and other complex infections. Impact of IDC in PAB is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of IDC on the management and outcomes in patients with PAB.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort single-centre study from 1 November 2006 to 29 May 2019, in all adult patients admitted with first episode of PAB. Data collected included demographics, clinical management and outcomes for PAB and whether IDC occurred. In addition, 29 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) stored isolates were available for Illumina whole genome sequencing to investigate if pathogen factors contributed to the mortality.

    RESULTS: A total of 128 cases of PAB were identified, 71% received IDC. Patients who received IDC were less likely to receive inappropriate duration of antibiotic therapy (4.4%; vs 67.6%; p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/drug therapy*; Bacteremia/mortality; Bacteremia/surgery
  17. Sit PS, Teh CSJ, Idris N, Ponnampalavanar S
    Infect Genet Evol, 2018 04;59:132-141.
    PMID: 29421224 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.031
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is a serious infection that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the predictors of mortality in patient with MRSA bacteremia correlating with clinical, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the relevant strains. Most of the bacteremia cases were healthcare-associated (P bacteremia. All the strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Most MRSA strains causing bacteremia belonged to SCCmec type III-ST239 and exhibited pulsotype H. According to the multivariate analysis, age ≥ 60 years old (P = 0.022), female gender (P = 0.0003), pneumonia (P = 0.011) as source of infection as well as high APACHE II, Charlson comorbidity Index and Pitt's bacteremia scores were significantly associated with patient's mortality. There were emergence of MRSA clones such as SCCmec type I-ST152, SCCmec type V-ST45 and SCCmec type V-ST951 that was discovered for the first time in Malaysia. To our knowledge, this is the first study correlating the clinical, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of patients with MRSA bacteremia as well as determining the risk factors for mortality in Malaysian hospital.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/microbiology*; Bacteremia/mortality; Bacteremia/epidemiology
  18. Ganeswire R, Thong KL, Puthucheary SD
    J Hosp Infect, 2003 Apr;53(4):292-6.
    PMID: 12660126
    A nosocomial outbreak of bacteraemia, caused by Enterobacter gergoviae infected 11 babies, nine of whom were premature, and was investigated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a general hospital in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The strain that was isolated from the babies was also isolated from the dextrose saline used for the dilution of parenteral antibiotics and from the hands of a healthcare worker on duty in the nursery. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Xba I-digested chromosomal DNA confirmed a possible cross-contamination of parenteral dextrose saline and the healthcare worker. Prompt and effective control measures were initiated within NICU and the nosocomial infection of E. gergoviae was brought to an abrupt end. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented outbreak of E. gergoviae in the NICU in a hospital in the state of Johor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/microbiology; Bacteremia/epidemiology*; Bacteremia/prevention & control
  19. Tan CC, Zanariah Y, Lim KI, Balan S
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Dec;62(5):370-4.
    PMID: 18705468
    Six hundred and fifty-five central venous catheters (CVC) in 496 patients in the intensive care unit of Hospital Sultanah Aminah were studied to determine the incidence and risk factors for central venous catheter-related blood stream infection (CR-BSI). CR-BSI was diagnosed in 38 catheters, giving an incidence of 9.43 CR-BSI per 1000 catheter days. The mean duration in situ was 8.4 +/- 4.9 days for infected CVCs and 6.0 +/- 3.8 days for non infected CVCs (p = 0.001). CVCs inserted in ICU had the highest infection rate (9.4%) compared to those inserted in the operating theatre (1.4%) and ward (2.8%) (p = 0.001). The highest rate of CR-BSI occurred with 4-lumen catheters (usually inserted when patients needed total parenteral nutrition) with a percentage of 15.8%. The majority of the CVCs (97.9%) were inserted via the subclavian or the internal jugular routes and there was no statistical difference in CR-BSI between them (p = 0.83). Number of attempts more than one had a higher rate of CR-BSI compared to single attempt with percentage of 7.0% vs 4.8% (p = 0.22). The top two organisms were Klebseilla pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, the incidence of CR-BSI in our ICU was 9.43 CR-BSI per 1000 catheter days. The risk factors were duration of CVC in situ, venue of insertion and use of 4 lumen catheter for total parenteral nutrition. The site of insertion, number of lumen up to 3 lumens and the number of attempts were not risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/microbiology*; Bacteremia/epidemiology
  20. Razak M, Ismail MM, Omar A
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53 Suppl A:83-5.
    PMID: 10968187
    We review 81 cases of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis from 1983 to 1990 to establish current pattern of clinical presentation, modes of treatment and success of therapy. Majority of the patient (70%) presented within a week of symptom and significant number of them came with fever and swelling of the affected limb. Sedimentation rate was found to be raised in all of them. Fifty-four (55%) of them were treated surgically. The average antibiotic time was one week by intravenous administration followed by additional oral therapy for period up to four weeks. Average follow-up was 9 months. Six of them (7.5%) end up with various complication which was believed to be due to delay in getting medical treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteremia/complications*; Bacteremia/therapy
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