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  1. Luh SP, Lee YC, Chang YL, Wu HD, Kuo SH, Chu SH
    Clin Transplant, 1999 Dec;13(6):496-503.
    PMID: 10617240
    Sauropus androgymus (SA), a vegetable of the Euphorbiaceae family, is a common food source in Malaysia. In Taiwan, over 30 patients have developed progressive respiratory failure after consuming the extract from raw SA leaves as a means of losing weight. Symptoms consistent with a severe obstructive ventilatory defect progressed, despite cessation of SA intake and treatment with bronchodilators, corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents and plasmaphresis. Five patients with end-stage Sauropus androgynus-induced bronchiolitis obliterans (SABO) syndrome underwent lung transplantation. There was no early mortality. One patient died of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and another patient died of bronchial stenosis with infection, 5 and 3.5 months, respectively, post-transplantation. The remaining 3 patients have been followed from 29 to 34 months, with improved general condition and pulmonary function. Perfusion/ventilation scans revealed that these improvements were exclusively attributed to the functional grafts. We believe that lung transplantation is the only effective modality of treatment for patients with end-stage SABO syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bronchiolitis Obliterans/etiology*
  2. Chan PW, Muridan R, Debruyne JA
    Respirology, 2000 Dec;5(4):369-75.
    PMID: 11192548
    The aim of the study was to determine the clinical profile, aetiology and radiological categories in children diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO).
    Matched MeSH terms: Bronchiolitis Obliterans/etiology*
  3. Li L, Woo YY, de Bruyne JA, Nathan AM, Kee SY, Chan YF, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(10):e0205795.
    PMID: 30321228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205795
    OBJECTIVES: To describe the severity, human adenovirus (HAdV) type and respiratory morbidity following adenovirus pneumonia in children.

    METHODOLOGY: Retrospective review of children under 12 years of age, admitted with HAdV pneumonia, between January 2011 and July 2013, in a single centre in Malaysia. HAdV isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions were typed by sequencing hypervariable regions 1-6 of the hexon gene. Patients were reviewed for respiratory complications.

    RESULTS: HAdV was detected in 131 children of whom 92 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median (range) age was 1.1 (0.1-8.0) years with 80% under 2 years. Twenty percent had severe disease with a case-fatality rate of 5.4%. Duration of admission (p = 0.02) was independently associated with severe illness. Twenty-two percent developed respiratory complications, the commonest being bronchiolitis obliterans (15.2%) and recurrent wheeze (5.4%). The predominant type shifted from HAdV1 and HAdV3 in 2011 to HAdV7 in 2013. The commonest types identified were types 7 (54.4%), 1(17.7%) and 3 (12.6%). Four out of the five patients who died were positive for HAdV7. Infection with type 7 (OR 8.90, 95% CI 1.32, 59.89), family history of asthma (OR 14.80, 95% CI 2.12-103.21) and need for invasive or non-invasive ventilation (OR 151.84, 95% CI 9.93-2.32E) were independent predictors of respiratory complications.

    CONCLUSIONS: One in five children admitted with HAdV pneumonia had severe disease and 22% developed respiratory complications. Type 7 was commonly isolated in children with severe disease. Family history of asthma need for invasive or non-invasive ventilation and HAdV 7 were independent predictors of respiratory complications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bronchiolitis Obliterans/etiology
  4. Foong Ng K, Kee Tan K, Hong Ng B, Nair P, Ying Gan W
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2015 Jul;109(7):433-9.
    PMID: 26038572 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trv042
    There is scarcity of data regarding epidemiology and clinical aspects of human adenovirus acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children in developing countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bronchiolitis Obliterans/etiology
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