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Comparative study of cytologic and colposcopic findings in preclinical cervical cancer

Maziah AM, Sharifah NA, Yahya A

Malays J Pathol, 1991 Dec;13(2):105-8.
PMID: 1823091

Seventy-seven patients who had PAP smear cytology and colposcopic examination in a 2-year period between 1988 and 1989 were reviewed. Those with findings indicative or suspicious of malignancy were subjected to biopsy. All 50 patients thus biopsied were confirmed to have preclinical cancer on histological examination. Compared against histology, PAP smear cytology gave an accuracy rate of 90% (5 false negatives) and colposcopy gave an accuracy rate of 94% (3 false negatives). These results demonstrate that the two techniques are useful as screening tests for preclinical cervical cancer. The results are improved if they are used complementarily. However, there was poor specificity in the categorisation of cervical cancer by both methods. This was probably due to the subjectiveness of the two procedures. The study also raised the possibility of a higher incidence of preclinical cervical cancer in the Chinese ethnic group.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology
Fulltext Clinical presentation of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Suzina SAH, Hamzah M

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):539-45.
PMID: 15190630

The poor prognosis for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is principally due to its advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. The symptoms and clinical findings at presentation of 56 patients with confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma is described and analysed. Recognising the common modes of presentation is essential to diagnose the disease at an early stage.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology
Incidence of esophageal carcinoma among Malays in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia: an area with an exceptionally low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection

Lee YY, Raj SM, Sharif SE, Salleh R, Ayub MC, Graham DY

Dig Dis Sci, 2011 May;56(5):1438-43.
PMID: 21082350 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1473-1

Obesity, gastroesophageal reflux, and Barrett's esophagus have all been linked to esophageal adenocarcinoma. In addition, the decline in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in affluent societies has also been suggested to be a major factor in the recent rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. If H. pylori infection has a protective role, populations with a naturally low prevalence of H. pylori infection such as the ethnic Malays of Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia should have high rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology
Descriptive epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Peninsular Malaysia

Prasad U, Rampal L

Cancer Causes Control, 1992 Mar;3(2):179-82.
PMID: 1562708 DOI: 10.1007/BF00051659

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers in Malaysia, a country in Southeast Asia with a multiracial population. While hospital-based data on NPC and data from a few states have been reported, a comprehensive study involving every known NPC patient in the whole of Peninsular Malaysia in one particular year had never been done. In the present study, the computed incidence rate was not only adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and place of residence, but also direct standardization methods of Rothman and Dever were used to reduce any distortion. The mean age of the 365 new cases of NPC registered in 1988 was 46.8 years (SD +/- 12.2 years). The ages of patients ranged from 10 to 80 years. The incidence in both sexes rose after the age of 20-29 years and reached a plateau between 40 and 49 years. No further rise was exhibited after age 60 years. The Chinese had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates, particularly for the age group 40-49 years, where the incidence rate was 40.1 per 100,000 for males and 14.9 for females. The average age-adjusted male/female ratio was 2.8:1. Age-adjusted incidence varied by place of residence. The pattern that emerged from the data indicated the possibility of interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental cofactors in the etiology of NPC.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology
Declining Incidence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Brunei Darussalam: a Three Decade Study (1986-2014)

Chong VH, Telisinghe PU, Lim E, Abdullah MS, Idris F, Chong CF

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(16):7097-101.
PMID: 26514496

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is linked to Epstein Barr virus infection and is particularly common in the Far East, particularly among some Chinese groups. Certain ethnicities have been reported to have low incidence of NPC. This study looked at NPC in Brunei Darussalam over a three decade period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cancer registry from 1986 to 2014 maintained by the State Laboratory was retrospectively reviewed. The age standardized rates (ASR) and the age specific incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated. Non NPC tumors were excluded from the study.
RESULTS: Altogether, there were a total of 450 NPC cases diagnosed accounting for 4.4% of all total cancer cases over the study period, declining from 10.3% in 1986-1990 to 2.3% in 2011-2014. The most common tumor type was the undifferentiated carcinoma (96.4%). The case characteristics were mean age 50.4 ± 14.4 years old, male 69%, and predominately Malays 74.4%, followed by Chinese 16.7%. The mean age of diagnosis increased over the study period from 45.6 ± 17.1 years (1986-1989) to 54.1 ± 12.5 years (ANOVA, p<0.01 for trend). There were no differences in the mean age of diagnosis between the ethnic groups or genders. The ASR showed a declining trend from 11.1 per 100,000 in 1986-1990 to 5.95 per 100,000 in 2011-2014, similar trends been observedfor both genders. Among the age groups, declining trends were seen in all the other age groups apart from the >70 years group. The overall ASRs for the Malays and Chinese were 7.92/100,000 and 8.83/100,000 respectively, both showing declining trends.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NPC in Brunei Darussalam is comparable to rates reported from Singapore and Malaysia, but higher than rates reported from the other Southeast Asian nations. Unlike higher rates reported for Chinese compared to the Malays in other countries, the rates between the Malays and Chinese in our study was comparable. Importantly, the ASR is declining overall and for both genders and ethnic groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology*
Fulltext Carcinoma of the larynx in Malaysia

Sani A, Said H, Lokman S

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):297-302.
PMID: 1303483

A retrospective study of cases with carcinoma of the larynx seen in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and General Hospital Kuala Lumpur (GHKL) between 1981 to 1988 was performed. The aim was to document the distribution and the pattern of behaviour of this tumour amongst our patients. There were 137 cases, the majority of whom were Chinese (54%). The peak incidence was in the seventh decade and the male to female ratio was 7.6:1. The most common symptom at presentation was hoarseness (90%). The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (87%) whilst by site, transglottic involvement was commonest (55%). The overall 3 year survival rate was 68%. Supraglottic carcinoma behaved differently in that a significantly large number presented with dysphagia (33.3%) and neck nodes (42%). Compared to tumours of other sites of the larynx, they had the poorest 3 year survival rate of 50%. Amongst the T2 and T3 tumours, the results of surgery appeared better than primary radiotherapy. Considering that 26% of patients presented with stridor, 20% with neck nodes and 55% with multiple site involvement, it can be concluded that our patients present themselves late.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology
Fulltext Pattern of ovarian tumours among Malaysian women at General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Thanikasalam K, Ho CM, Adeed N, Shahidan MN, Azizah WK

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Jun;47(2):139-46.
PMID: 1337368

The objective of this two year retrospective study is to find out the pattern of ovarian tumours among Malaysian women. A total of 280 cases were reviewed. Of these 193 were benign, 81 were malignant and six cases belonged to borderline malignancy. In the general population, equal distribution of serous and mucinous tumours among the benign (15.4%) and malignant (4.3%) types is quite a striking feature. The teratomas were the commonest benign tumour among the Malays and Chinese. Serous cystadenomas were the commonest among the Indians. The Malays had higher incidence of malignant epithelial tumours whereas the Chinese had a higher incidence of metastatic and germ cell tumours. Endometroid tumours occurred from an earlier age of thirty years. There was a preponderance of mucinous tumours among the borderline variety.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology
High incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in native people of Sarawak, Borneo Island

Devi BC, Pisani P, Tang TS, Parkin DM

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2004 Mar;13(3):482-6.
PMID: 15006927

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is generally a rare malignancy with a few well-known exceptions, notably South-East China. In this article, we describe evidence of a high risk of NPC in the population of Sarawak State, Malaysia, and particularly in one native ethnic group. Sarawak State is one of the two provinces of Malaysia located on the island of Borneo. The native population (71.6%) includes the Iban, Malay, Bidayuh, Melanau, and diverse smaller ethnic groups. The Chinese are the largest nonindigenous group (27.5%). We identified 392 newly diagnosed cases (292 males and 100 females) of NPC in 1996-1998 in Malaysian citizens, permanent residents of Sarawak. Age-standardized rates by sex and ethnic group were compared with the highest rates in the world. The age-adjusted rate (ASR) in Sarawak residents was 13.5/100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.2-15.0] and 6.2/100,000 (95% CI 5.7-6.7) in males and females, respectively. The risk in the Bidayuh people was 2.3-fold (M) and 1.9-fold (F) higher than the Sarawak average, and about 50% higher than that in Hong Kong-the highest recorded by any population-based registry for the same period. Local dietary habits, environmental exposures, and genetic susceptibility deserve investigation in this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology*
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: clinical trends

Indudharan R, Valuyeetham KA, Kannan T, Sidek DS

J Laryngol Otol, 1997 Aug;111(8):724-9.
PMID: 9327009 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100138460

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose at an early stage. The clinical presentation of 122 patients with confirmed NPC is described and the findings analysed. The common modes of presentation and cases where detailed nasopharyngeal examination need to be performed are highlighted. We emphasize the importance of health education and training for primary care physicians for early detection of these cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology
Fulltext Incidence of thyroid malignancy among goitrous thyroid lesions from the Sarawak General Hospital 2000-2004

Htwe TT, Hamdi MM, Swethadri GK, Wong JO, Soe MM, Abdullah MS

Singapore Med J, 2009 Jul;50(7):724-8.
PMID: 19644631

Thyroid cancer is the most common among all endocrine malignancies. The worldwide prevalence of goitre in the general population is estimated at 4-7 percent and the incidence of malignancy in goitrous thyroid is about ten percent. It is postulated that goitrous thyroid is a precursor lesion to the development of malignant thyroid diseases. As Sarawak is a state well known for endemic goitre, this study focused on establishing the incidence of thyroid malignancy among goitrous thyroid swellings.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology