Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 81 in total

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  1. Karobari MI, Noorani TY, Halim MS, Ahmed HMA
    Aust Endod J, 2021 Aug;47(2):202-216.
    PMID: 33159714 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12454
    This cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent anteriors in Malaysian population using two classification systems (Vertucci 1984 and Ahmed et al 2017). CBCT images of 856 patients with 10,080 anterior teeth were analysed. Results showed that, except for six mandibular canines, all anterior teeth were single-rooted. According to Ahmed et al's system and Vertucci's classification, code 1 MaxA1 and type I were the most common types except in mandibular laterals where 1 ManA1-2-1 and type III were the most common, respectively. The prevalence of canal variations in mandibular incisors was higher in males and the 20-30 age group than in females and other age groups (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  2. Reduwan NH, Abdul Aziz AA, Mohd Razi R, Abdullah ERMF, Mazloom Nezhad SM, Gohain M, et al.
    BMC Oral Health, 2024 Feb 19;24(1):252.
    PMID: 38373931 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03910-w
    BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence has been proven to improve the identification of various maxillofacial lesions. The aim of the current study is two-fold: to assess the performance of four deep learning models (DLM) in external root resorption (ERR) identification and to assess the effect of combining feature selection technique (FST) with DLM on their ability in ERR identification.

    METHODS: External root resorption was simulated on 88 extracted premolar teeth using tungsten bur in different depths (0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm). All teeth were scanned using a Cone beam CT (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, GA). Afterward, a training (70%), validation (10%), and test (20%) dataset were established. The performance of four DLMs including Random Forest (RF) + Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG), RF + EfficienNetB4 (EFNET), Support Vector Machine (SVM) + VGG, and SVM + EFNET) and four hybrid models (DLM + FST: (i) FS + RF + VGG, (ii) FS + RF + EFNET, (iii) FS + SVM + VGG and (iv) FS + SVM + EFNET) was compared. Five performance parameters were assessed: classification accuracy, F1-score, precision, specificity, and error rate. FST algorithms (Boruta and Recursive Feature Selection) were combined with the DLMs to assess their performance.

    RESULTS: RF + VGG exhibited the highest performance in identifying ERR, followed by the other tested models. Similarly, FST combined with RF + VGG outperformed other models with classification accuracy, F1-score, precision, and specificity of 81.9%, weighted accuracy of 83%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 96%. Kruskal Wallis test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.008) in the prediction accuracy among the eight DLMs.

    CONCLUSION: In general, all DLMs have similar performance on ERR identification. However, the performance can be improved by combining FST with DLMs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  3. Rabba JA, Suhaimi FM, Mat Jafri MZ, Jaafar HA, Osman ND
    Radiography (Lond), 2023 May;29(3):533-538.
    PMID: 36913788 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.02.028
    INTRODUCTION: The daily image quality assessment involves large datasets that consume a lot of time and effort. This study aims to evaluate a proposed automated calculator for image distortion analysis in 2-dimensional (2D) panoramic imaging mode for a dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system in comparison with present manual calculations.

    METHODS: A ball phantom was scanned using panoramic mode of the Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid CBCT unit (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) with standard exposure settings used in clinical practice (60 kV, 2 mA, and maximum FOV). An automated calculator algorithm was developed in MATLAB platform. Two parameters associated with panoramic image distortion such as balls diameter and distance between middle and tenth balls were measured. These automated measurements were compared with manual measurement using the Planmeca Romexis and ImageJ software.

    RESULTS: The findings showed smaller deviation in distance difference measurements by proposed automated calculator (ranged 3.83 mm) as compared to manual measurements (ranged 5.00 for Romexis and 5.12 mm for ImageJ software). There was a significant difference (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  4. Tan WY, Ng JZL, Ajit Bapat R, Vijaykumar Chaubal T, Kishor Kanneppedy S
    J Prosthet Dent, 2021 May;125(5):766.e1-766.e8.
    PMID: 33752904 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.018
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Lingual plate perforation can be life-threatening when vital structures are damaged during implant placement. Knowledge of the anatomy of lingual concavities is imperative for safe implant surgery.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the prevalence of type of posterior mandibular ridge morphology in a Malaysian population and to evaluate the buccolingual width of the alveolar ridge (Wb and Wc); alveolar ridge height (Vcb); and concavity angle, length, and depth for both left and right first and second molars in different age groups and sexes by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bilateral posterior mandibular lingual concavities at the first and second molars were retrospectively studied in cross-sectional views of 150 CBCT scans (n=600 sites evaluated). The sample size was calculated at a power of 80%, confidence interval of 95%, and margin of error of .05. The buccolingual width from the base and crest of the ridge and the ridge height were measured to determine the type of ridge. For the U-shaped ridge, the concavity angle, length, and depth were assessed. The independent t test was used to compare mean values of CBCT measurements between sexes and tooth type, while the ANOVA and Pearson chi-squared test were used to determine the correlations with age groups and types of ridge morphology, respectively. To compare the left and right readings for first and second molars in the same patient, the paired t test was performed (α=.05 for all tests).

    RESULTS: The Pearson correlation showed a strong agreement between the 2 examiners with an interobserver reliability of 87.3%. Significant difference was noted in all dimensional measurements when comparing right and left first and second molars (P

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  5. Yusof NAM, Noor E, Reduwan NH, Yusof MYPM
    Clin Oral Investig, 2021 Mar;25(3):923-932.
    PMID: 32535703 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03380-8
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), periapical radiograph, and intrasurgical linear measurements in the assessment of molars with furcation defects.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This parallel, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT) consisted of 22 periodontitis patients who had molar with advanced furcation involvement (FI). All patients followed the same inclusion criteria and were treated following the same protocol, except for radiographic evaluation (CBCT vs. periapical). This study proposed and evaluated five parameters that represent the extent and severity of furcation defects in molars teeth, including CEJ-BD (clinical attachment loss), BL-H (depth), BL-V (height), RT (root trunk), and FW (width).

    RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between CBCT and intrasurgical linear measurements for any clinical parameter (p > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in BL-V measurements (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  6. Aws Hashim Ali Al-Kadhim, Azlan Jaafar, Mohd Nazrin Isa
    MyJurnal
    Nonsurgical retreatment involves removing mechanical barriers such as gutta-percha to achieve proper cleaning and disinfection. The complexity of the anatomy of molar tooth gives challenge in retreatment procedure. Thus, this study evaluates the amount of residual gutta-percha after retreatment with rotary files (Reciproc Blue®) from each maxillary first molar canal using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the time required to accomplish it. Nine freshly extracted maxillary molars were instrumented and obturated. Preoperative CBCT was taken, and retreatment was done using Reciproc Blue®. CBCT was taken post retreatment, and the residual volume percentage of gutta-percha from each canal was calculated. The total retreatment time was recorded, and the data were statistically analyzed. The result shows no statistically significant difference in the amount of residual filling material in mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal canal for maxillary first molar and total time used for retreatment with Reciproc Blue® system.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  7. Ahmed HMA, Ibrahim N, Mohamad NS, Nambiar P, Muhammad RF, Yusoff M, et al.
    Int Endod J, 2021 Jul;54(7):1056-1082.
    PMID: 33527452 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13486
    Adequate knowledge and accurate characterization of root and canal anatomy is an essential prerequisite for successful root canal treatment and endodontic surgery. Over the years, an ever-increasing body of knowledge related to root and canal anatomy of the human dentition has accumulated. To correct deficiencies in existing systems, a new coding system for classifying root and canal morphology, accessory canals and anomalies has been introduced. In recent years, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been used extensively to study the details of root and canal anatomy in extracted teeth and within clinical settings. This review aims to discuss the application of the new coding system in studies using micro-CT and CBCT, provide a detailed guide for appropriate characterization of root and canal anatomy and to discuss several controversial issues that may appear as potential limitations for proper characterization of roots and canals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  8. Gupta K, Singh S, Singh S
    J Contemp Dent Pract, 2019 Aug 01;20(8):907-914.
    PMID: 31797846
    AIM: Assessing the accuracy of surgical guides generated with the help of a simple chair side ridge mapping technique by comparing the planned implant position with the achieved implant position on post-op computerized tomography scans.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 20 implant sites in patients were selected. Ridge mapping was done through a vacuum press template at three buccal (B1, B2, B3), three lingual (L1, L2, L3), and one crestal (C) points for each implant site. Readings were transferred onto the cast, and surgical guides were fabricated for implant placement. Postoperative cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) was done to assess planned and achieved implant position. Comparison was done between soft tissue depths and implant distance from the crest of alveolar bone determined by the ridge mapping technique with measurements done on CBCT. The points used for ridge mapping were used as the reference for measurements. The data were analyzed using paired t test. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

    RESULTS: On comparing the mean values of soft tissue depths from the ridge mapping and CBCT data, insignificant differences were found at B1, B2, L1, L2, L3, and C, but significant differences were found at B3. On comparing the implant distances from alveolar bone from both the data, insignificant differences were found at B, B2, B3, L1, L2, and L3 and significant difference was found at the crest in the mean values.

    CONCLUSION: Under the limitations of the above study, it can be concluded that a simple chairside procedure like ridge mapping can be used as an effective way for guided implant placement in sufficient available alveolar bone.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  9. Ahmed HMA, Rossi-Fedele G
    Eur Endod J, 2020 12;5(3):159-176.
    PMID: 33353923 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.88942
    OBJECTIVE: Consistent reporting of publications in a given topic is essential. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the reporting items in previous publications related to root canal anatomy in major Endodontic journals.

    METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed by 2 independent reviewers using a customized search strategy in major Endodontic journals through Scopus until November 2019. Studies investigating root and canal anatomy were included. The selected publications were divided into 7 categories according to the study design: micro-computed tomography (microCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) experimental studies (extracted teeth), CBCT and 2D clinical studies, CBCT and 2D case reports in addition to others (i.e. staining and clearing method and root sectioning). The selected studies were evaluated according to three domains: 1) Criteria for study sample selection; 2) Criteria for methodological procedures and 3) Criteria for detection and evaluation.

    RESULTS: After the removal of duplicated and irrelevant papers, 137 articles were included. Results showed that microCT studies reported accurately the tooth type, number of teeth, classifications used, qualitative and/or quantitative analysis (if required) and the evaluation process. However, sample size calculation, calibration, and reproducibility were not reported in the majority of microCT studies. CBCT clinical studies presented information for the type of study, inclusion/exclusion criteria, number of patients, tooth type, and number of teeth. However, the majority did not report sample size calculation and calibration of examiners. Radiographic exposure descriptions and classifications used were not reported adequately in CBCT and 2D case reports. Sample size calculation, calibration and reproducibility were not reported in staining and clearing method.

    CONCLUSION: Despite accurate presentation of certain items, there is considerable inconsistent reporting of root and canal morphology regardless of the type of study and experimental procedure used. The PROUD checklist protocol presented in this systematic review aims to provide an accurate description of root canal anatomy in experimental, clinical, and case report publications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  10. Al-Siweedi SYA, Ngeow WC, Nambiar P, Abu-Hassan MI, Ahmad R, Asif MK, et al.
    Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2023;82(2):315-324.
    PMID: 35285511 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0024
    BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify and classify the anatomic variation of mandibular canal among Malaysians of three ethnicities.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The courses of the mandibular canal in 202 cone-beam computed tomography scanned images of healthy Malaysians were evaluated, and trifid mandibular canal (TMC) when present, were recorded and studied in detail by categorizing them to a new classification (comprising of 12 types). The diameter and length of canals were also measured, and their shape determined.

    RESULTS: Trifid mandibular canals were observed in 12 (5.9%) subjects or 16 (4.0%) hemi-mandibles. There were 10 obvious categories out the 12 types of TMCs listed. All TMCs (except one) were observed in patients older than 30 years. The prevalence according to ethnicity was 6 in Malays, 5 in Chinese and 1 in Indian. Four (33.3%) patients had bilateral TMCs, which was not seen in the Indian subject. More than half (56.3%) of the accessory canals were located above the main mandibular canal. Their mean diameter was 1.32 mm and 1.26 mm for the first and second accessory canal, and the corresponding lengths were 20.42 mm and 21.60 mm, respectively. Most (62.5%) canals had irregularly shaped lumen; there were more irregularly shaped canals in the second accessory canal than the first branch. None of the second accessory canal was oval (in shape).

    CONCLUSIONS: This new classification can be applied for the variations in the branching pattern, length and shape of TMCs for better clinical description.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
  11. Hatipoğlu FP, Mağat G, Hatipoğlu Ö, Al-Khatib H, Elatrash AS, Abidin IZ, et al.
    J Endod, 2023 Oct;49(10):1308-1318.
    PMID: 37393948 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.06.011
    AIM: The aim of this study was two-folded: i) to assess the prevalence of Distolingual Canal (DLC) and Radix Entomolaris (RE) in Mandibular First Molars (M1Ms), using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images and ii) to assess the impact of sociodemographic factors on the prevalence of these conditions worldwide.

    METHODS: CBCT images were scanned retrospectively and the ones including bilateral M1Ms were included in the study. The evaluation was performed by 1 researcher in each country, trained with CBCT technology. A written and video instruction program explaining the protocol to be followed step-by-step was provided to all observers to calibrate them. The CBCT imaging screening procedure consisted of evaluating axial sections from coronal to apical. The presence of DLC and RE in M1Ms (yes/no) was identified and recorded.

    RESULTS: Six thousand three hundred four CBCTs, representing 12,608 M1Ms, were evaluated. A significant difference was found between countries regarding the prevalence of both RE and DLC (P  .05).

    CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of RE and DLC in M1Ms was 3% and 22%. Additionally, both RE and DLC showed substantial bilaterally. These variations should be considered by endodontic clinicians during endodontic procedures in order to avoid potential complications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
  12. Thomas AR, Soe HHK, Silva CS, Kaur H, Ganendrah LD, Gomez LM
    Am J Dent, 2023 Oct;36(5):246-250.
    PMID: 37865812
    PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and laser scanner in measuring minor volume changes such as the root canal space.

    METHODS: 35 maxillary incisors were endodontically prepared. A dimensionally stable silicone material was injected into the root canal space and scanned with CBCT. The root canal volume was measured using Romexis 3.0.1 R software. Replicas were carefully removed from the teeth and scanned using an extraoral laser scanner. These images were exported to the Rhinoceros software for volume measurement. The volume of each replica was also assessed using the gravimetric method. To determine the accuracy, the volume obtained from both devices was compared with the gravimetric method. Statistical analysis was done using a paired t-test. The reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient.

    RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean volume of CBCT 27.04 ± 7.25 mm³ and the mean volume of the gravimetric method 27.87 ± 7.17 mm³ (P< 0.05). A statistically significant difference was seen with the laser scanner at 25.31 ± 6.89 mm³ and the gravimetric method at 27.87 ± 7.17 mm³ (P< 0.05). CBCT showed a good degree of agreement (ICC 0.899), while the laser scanner showed a moderate degree of agreement (ICC 0.644) with the gravimetric method. CBCT proved accurate and reliable in measuring minor volumes like the root canal space, ideally in the range of 20-25 mm³. The laser scanner presented acceptable reliability.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The laboratory data showed satisfactory outcomes, providing an evidence-based approach and potentially motivating clinicians to integrate cone-beam computed tomography for volume analysis into clinical practice. The accuracy and reliability of laser scanners for small-volume analysis have not previously been evaluated. Consequently, the findings from this study warrant further clinical investigations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  13. Ibrahim N, Parsa A, Hassan B, van der Stelt P, Rahmat RA, Ismail SM, et al.
    BMC Oral Health, 2021 05 08;21(1):249.
    PMID: 33964918 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01595-z
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the trabecular bone microstructures of anterior and posterior edentulous regions of human mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro computed tomography (µCT).

    METHODS: Twenty volumes of interests consisting of six anterior and fourteen posterior edentulous regions were obtained from human mandibular cadavers. A CBCT system with a resolution of 80 µm (3D Accuitomo 170, J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and a µCT system with a resolution of 35 µm (SkyScan 1173, Kontich, Belgium) were used to scan the mandibles. Three structural parameters namely, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were analysed using CTAn software (v 1.11, SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium). For each system, the measurements obtained from anterior and posterior regions were tested using independent sample t-test. Subsequently, all measurements between systems were tested using paired t-test.

    RESULTS: In CBCT, all parameters of the anterior and posterior mandible showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, µCT showed a significant different of Tb.Th (p = 0.023) between anterior and posterior region. Regardless of regions, the measurements obtained using both imaging systems were significantly different (p ≤ 0.021) for Tb.Th and Tb.N.

    CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that only the variation of Tb.Th between anterior and posterior edentulous region of mandible can be detected using µCT. In addition, CBCT is less feasible than µCT in assessing trabecular bone microstructures at both regions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  14. Haszelini Hassan, Hikmah Mohd Nor, Nur Athiah Shaberi, Nur Aqila Syaqina Zuber, Nur Hasnaa Hishamudin
    MyJurnal
    Adequate space is required in the interforaminal region for anterior mandibular
    surgery, where the anterior loop is located within this region. The aim of this study is to evaluate
    the prevalence of the anterior loop (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve, and to measure its length
    and position in patients attending Kulliyyah of Dentistry using cone beam computed tomography
    (CBCT). (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  15. Ong TK, Harun N, Lim TW
    Eur Endod J, 2019;4(2):90-95.
    PMID: 32161894 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2019.13007
    In this case report, three teeth with complete or incomplete cemental tear in two patients were presented. Even though periapical radiograph could detect cemental tear in these three teeth, the cone-beam computed tomography scanning clearly revealed the pattern of the cemental tear, which was later confirmed by histopathological examination. Therefore, this case report shows the benefits of incorporating both cone-beam computed tomography and histopathological examination to diagnose cemental tear.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  16. Karobari MI, Alam BF, Bashir R, Fahim MF, Mirza MB, Noorani TY
    Clin Exp Dent Res, 2023 Dec;9(6):1156-1168.
    PMID: 37877522 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.801
    OBJECTIVES: This bibliometric analysis aimed to evaluate the leading nations, authors, journals, institutes, highly cited publications, and most commonly used keywords concerning scientific publications based on root and root canal morphology using the CBCT.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this bibliometric analysis, an extensive search was carried out on September 25, 2023 using the Scopus database. Pertinent articles in the field were scrutinized after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were evaluated using Vosviewer and Microsoft Excel.

    RESULTS: A literature search revealed the initiation of scientific publication in 2008. Significant contributions made by Saudi Arabia, India, and China concerning the number of publications were seen. Similarly, Jazan University from SA was recognized as the leading institute. The Journal of Endodontics was the leading journal, while authors JNR Martins and G Gambarini produced the highest number of papers.

    CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric analysis demonstrated that scientific publications have increased tremendously since 2008. Significant contributions have been made by developing and developed nations. The Journal of Endodontics and Jazan University have been identified as the leading journal and institute.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  17. Gohain M, Asif MK, Nambiar P, Mohd Noor NS, Hidayah Reduwan N, Ibrahim N
    Leg Med (Tokyo), 2024 Feb;66:102391.
    PMID: 38211402 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102391
    Three-dimensional surface area analyses of developing root apices for age estimation in children and young adults have shown promising results. The current study aimed to apply this three-dimensional method to develop a regression model for estimating age in Malaysian children aged 7 to 14 using developing maxillary second premolars. A training sample of 155 cone-beam computed tomography scans (83 Malays and 72 Chinese) was analysed, and the formula was subsequently validated on an independent sample of 92 cone-beam computed tomography scans (45 Malays and 47 Chinese). The results showed a strong correlation (r = 94 %) between the chronological age as a dependent variable and the predictor variables, including root surface area of the apex, sex, ethnicity, and root development status (open/closed apices). For this model, the predictor variables accounted for 88.4 % of the variation in age except sex and ethnicity. A mean absolute error value of 0.42 indicated that this model can be reliably used for Malaysian children. In conclusion, this study recognises the method of three-dimensional surface area analyses as a valuable tool for age estimation in forensic and clinical practice. Further studies are highly recommended to assess its effectiveness across different demographic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  18. Al-Jaf, Nagham, Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab, Mohamed Ibrahim Abu Hassan
    Compendium of Oral Science, 2015;2(1):14-20.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: To assess interradicular spaces of maxilla and mandible in subjects with class I sagittal skeletal relationship as an aid for miniscrew placement. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 47 adult subjects with class I skeletal relationship. Interradicular spaces were obtained at the alveolar processes from first premolar to second molar at 2 different vertical levels (6 and 8mm) from the cementoenamel junction (C.E.J). Results: In the maxilla, the highest inter-radicular space existed between second premolar and first molar. In the mandible, the highest interradicular space existed between first and second molar. All mandibular measurements were higher than their respective maxillary measurement. Generally, availability of interradicular space increases apically in both arches, but the difference is not significant. In the maxilla, male subjects’ measurement were significantly higher at 8 mm level between second premolar and first molar and between first and second molar Conclusions: Interradicular spac-es in the maxillary and mandibular alveolar spaces are available for miniscrew placement. In both arches, a more apical location provides more interradicular space. However, careful planning is needed to avoid sinus perforation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  19. Kewalramani R, Murthy CS, Gupta R
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2019 08 31;9(4):347-351.
    PMID: 31528537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.08.001
    Introduction: Elusive second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in maxillary first molar are often missed during endodontic therapy and are a major cause of treatment failures. Its prevalence is known to vary among different populations and there is limited information on its prevalence in Indian population.

    Aim: This study investigated the prevalence and location of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in an Indian population.

    Materials and methods: CBCT images of 598 three rooted maxillary first molars were studied. In each CBCT image, the floor of pulp chamber was located and advanced by 2 mm to standardize the observation for MB2 canal. Its location was determined in relation to mesiobuccal (MB1) and palatal (P) canal.

    Statistical analysis: The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The presence of MB2 canal was correlated with age, gender and tooth position using Chi square test.

    Results: The prevalence of MB2 canal in three rooted maxillary first molar was 61.9%. It was seen that the prevalence of MB2 was highest in 20-40years age group (67.4%) followed by > 40 years (57.5%) and lowest in <20 years (50.6%) and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). It is located mesiopalatally; 2.5 mm ± 0.6 mm palatally and 1.0 ± 0.4mmmesially to the MB1 canal or present directly on the line joining the MB1 and palatal canal.

    Conclusion: There is a high probability of finding MB2 canal in Indian patients. The access cavity must be modified from a triangular shape to rhomboid shape. Troughingmesiopaltally (about 2.5 mm palatally and 1 mm mesially) from MB1 to a depth of about 2 mm from the floor of pulp chamber may be necessary for locating MB2 canal.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  20. Yusof MYPM, Mah MC, Reduwan NH, Kretapirom K, Affendi NHK
    Saudi Dent J, 2020 Dec;32(8):396-402.
    PMID: 33304083 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.10.010
    Objective: Knowledge and evaluation of the blood supply within the maxillary sinus before sinus augmentation are vital to avoid surgical complications. The lateral maxilla is supplied by branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery and infraorbital artery forming intraosseous anastomoses (IA) within the bony lateral antral wall. This study was undertaken to (i) measure mean diameter of IA and its distance from the alveolar ridge within dentate and posteriorly edentulous subjects and, (ii) qualitatively display the relationship of IA throughout its course within the lateral maxillary sinus in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

    Method: Maxillary CBCT images of two-hundred-and-fifty-seven consecutive patients (163 men, 94 women, mean age 42 years) were analyzed. Samples were later divided into dentate (n = 142) and posteriorly edentulous (n = 115) jaws. Using both alveolar ridge and tooth location as reference points, the distance and diameter of IA were assessed.

    Result: The IA was seen in 63.7% of all sinuses with 68.2% in dentate and 62.4% in edentulous. Mean distance and diameter of IA across the posterior tooth locations were 17.9 ± 3.0 mm and 1.4 ± 0.5 mm (dentate) and 15.1 ± 3.0 mm and 1.0 ± 0.5 mm (posteriorly edentulous), respectively. In each sample, there were no significant differences in distance-alveolar ridge and no significant correlations in diameter-tooth location. A statistically significant Pearson coefficient correlation between diameter and distance in dentate state was observed (r = -0.6).

    Conclusion: This study reveals that dentate maxillary jaws present larger diameters as compared to posteriorly edentulous jaws, although the IA course remains the same. As these canal structures contain neurovascular bundles with diameters that may be large enough to cause clinically substantial complications, a thorough pre-surgical planning is therefore highly advisable.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
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