MyMedR

Illicit ketamine induced frequency of micturition in a young Malay woman

Noorzurani R, Vicknasingam B, Narayanan S

Drug Alcohol Rev, 2010 May;29(3):334-6.

PMID: 20565527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00147.x

The growing use of illicit ketamine among young adults poses a public health concern in Malaysia. In contrast to medical use of ketamine, illicit use has been reported to produce adverse effects on the urinary tract and, in particular the bladder. APPROACH AND KEY FINDINGS: This case report describes a young Malay woman who developed severe bladder symptoms (urinary frequency) after consuming illicit ketamine. A history of illicit ketamine use was initially missed, and she was consequently diagnosed and treated for a urinary tract infection. Her symptoms persisted despite several courses of antibiotics. The patient was subsequently referred to an urologist where cystoscopic examination and biopsy of the bladder found changes consistent with interstitial cystitis. This was despite the absence of haematuria. Renal function was normal.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis, Interstitial/chemically induced

Fulltext Tumoral cystitis in children

Zulfiqar MA, Zaleha AM, Zulkifli I, Chia WY, Samad SA

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):284-7.

PMID: 10968168

Three children aged 3-11 years had ultrasonography of the urinary tract for the investigation of dysuria and haematuria. A bladder mass was seen in these 3 children. One child had computed tomography scan, cystoscopy and bladder biopsy because rhabdomyosarcoma was considered. The biopsy revealed an inflammatory process. The urine culture of the other 2 children revealed E. coli. On ultrasonography, the inflammatory mass may appear homogeneously hypoechoic or may contain moderate level echoes. The mucosal surface of the mass may be smooth or lobulated. It is important to consider an infective cause for a bladder mass in children because computed tomography, cystoscopy and biopsy may be avoided.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis/complications; Cystitis/drug therapy; Cystitis/ultrasonography*

Fulltext Alum irrigation for the treatment of intractable haematuria

Ho CC, Md Zainuddin Z

Malays J Med Sci, 2009 Oct;16(4):66-8.

PMID: 22135514 MyJurnal

Managing intractable haematuria is a daunting task. One cause of this condition is radiationinduced haemorrhagic cystitis. Several treatments for the condition have been proposed and one non-invasive option is alum irrigation. Here, we report on a 65-year-old woman with intractable haematuria secondary to radiation cystitis who was successfully treated with alum irrigation. Alum irrigation is safe, well tolerated and relatively cheap. A review of the literature and a comprehensive discussion on alum irrigation as treatment for haematuria is discussed here to create an awareness regarding this treatment option.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis

Fulltext Ketamine-associated ulcerative cystitis: a case report and literature review

Ho CC, Pezhman H, Praveen S, Goh EH, Lee BC, Zulkifli MZ, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2010 Apr;17(2):61-5.

PMID: 22135540 MyJurnal

Ketamine can be abused as a recreational drug, and there has been a recent surge in its usage. The effects of ketamine on the urinary system were unknown until the recent publication of a few case reports. Many doctors are still unaware of this new clinical entity, termed ketamine-associated ulcerative cystitis. We report a case that we encountered and discuss the diagnosis and disease management in addition to a review of the literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis, Interstitial

Fulltext A long journey to be diagnosed as a case of tuberculous cystitis: A Bangladeshi case report and review of literatures

Chowdhury TS, Naser MF, Haque M

Int J Mycobacteriol, 2020 8 31;9(3):248-253.

PMID: 32862156 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_101_20

Urinary bladder tuberculosis (UB-TB) is one of the gravest public health issues of renal TB, and it is diagnosed with <50% of urogenital TB. Unsatisfactory and delayed diagnosis with imprudent medications for bladder TB frequently resulted in several urinary and complications, including contraction of the UB. The objectives of this research were to build awareness among medical professionals and subsequently minimize the sufferings of patients. This was a case report-based study regarding UB-TB. All routine tests for cystitis were conducted. In addition, 24-h urine sample for TB identification, including a polymerase chain reaction test, was performed. Twenty-four hours of urine sample revealed confirmatory findings of TB. The patient had responded well with the national TB guideline-designated medication. Recurrent cystitis had a higher possibility of tuberculous origin. Medical doctors must rethink when a patient visited multiple times for cystitis for the etiology of the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis/diagnosis*; Cystitis/microbiology*

Fulltext Intact urothelial barrier function in a mouse model of ketamine-induced voiding dysfunction

Rajandram R, Ong TA, Razack AH, MacIver B, Zeidel M, Yu W

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2016 05 01;310(9):F885-94.

PMID: 26911853 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00483.2015

Ketamine is a popular choice for young drug abusers. Ketamine abuse causes lower urinary tract symptoms, with the underlying pathophysiology poorly understood. Disruption of urothelial barrier function has been hypothesized to be a major mechanism for ketamine cystitis, yet the direct evidence of impaired urothelial barrier function is still lacking. To address this question, 8-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) ketamine for 12 wk to induce ketamine cystitis. A spontaneous voiding spot assay showed that ketamine-treated mice had increased primary voiding spot numbers and smaller primary voiding spot sizes than control mice (P < 0.05), indicating a contracted bladder and bladder overactivity. Consistently, significantly increased voiding frequency was observed in ketamine-treated mice on cystometrograms. These functional experiments indicate that ketamine induces voiding dysfunction in mice. Surprisingly, urothelial permeability in ketamine-treated mice was not changed when measured using an Ussing chamber system with isotopic urea and water. Mouse urothelial structure was also not altered, and intact umbrella cell structure was observed by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, immunostaining and confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of a well-defined distribution of zonula occuldens-1 in tight junctions and uroplakin in umbrella cells. In conclusion, these data indicate that ketamine injection induces voiding dysfunction in mice but does not necessarily disrupt mouse bladder barrier function. Disruption of urothelial barrier function may not be the major mechanism in ketamine cystitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis/chemically induced*; Cystitis/pathology*

Fulltext A novel reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for standardization of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts

Saidan NH, Aisha AF, Hamil MS, Majid AM, Ismail Z

Pharmacognosy Res, 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):23-31.

PMID: 25598631 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147195

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant which has been used in treating various ailments such as kidney diseases, bladder inflammation, arthritis and diabetes. The leaves contain high concentration of phenolic compounds, thus, rosmarinic acid (RA), 3'-hydroxy-5, 6, 7, 4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), sinensetin (SIN) and eupatorin (EUP) were chosen as a marker compounds for standardization of various O. stamineus leaf extracts.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis

Fulltext High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Method Development, Validation, and Simultaneous Quantification of Four Compounds Identified in Standardized Extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus

Hashim S, Beh HK, Hamil MS, Ismail Z, Majid AM

Pharmacognosy Res, 2016 Oct-Dec;8(4):238-243.

PMID: 27695261

CONTEXT: Orthosiphon stamineus is a medicinal herb widely grown in Southeast Asia and tropical countries. It has been used traditionally as a diuretic, abdominal pain, kidney and bladder inflammation, gout, and hypertension.
AIMS: This study aims to develop and validate the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for quantification of rosmarinic acid (RA), 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), sinensitin (SIN) and eupatorin (EUP) found in ethanol, 50% ethanol and water extract of O. stamineus leaves.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: HPTLC method was conducted using an HPTLC system with a developed mobile phase system of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (3:7:0.1) performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates. The method was validated based on linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification (LOQ), and specificity, respectively. The detection of spots was observed at ultraviolet 254 nm and 366 nm.
RESULTS: The linearity of RA, TMF, SIN, and EUP were obtained between 10 and 100 ng/spot with high correlation coefficient value (R2) of more than 0.986. The limit of detection was found to be 122.47 ± 3.95 (RA), 43.38 ± 0.79 (SIN), 17.26 ± 1.16 (TMF), and 46.80 ± 1.33 ng/spot (EUP), respectively. Whereas the LOQ was found to be 376.44 ± 6.70 (RA), 131.45 ± 2.39 (SIN), 52.30 ± 2.01 (TMF), and 141.82 ± 1.58 ng/spot (EUP), respectively.
CONCLUSION: The proposed method showed good linearity, precision, accuracy, and high sensitivity. Hence, it may be applied in a routine quantification of RA, SIN, TMF, and EUP found in ethanol, 50% of ethanol and water extract of O. stamineus leaves.
SUMMARY: HPTLC method provides rapid estimation of the marker compound for routine quality control analysis.The established HPTLC method is rapid for qualitative and quantitative fingerprinting of Orthosiphon stamineus extract used for commercial product.Four identified markers (RA, SIN, EUP and TMF) found in three a different type of O. stamineus extracts specifically ethanol, 50% ethanol and water extract were successfully quantified using HPTLC method. Abbreviations Used: HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography; RA: Rosmarinic acid; TMF: 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone; SIN: Sinensitin; EUP: Eupatorin; E: Ethanol; EW: 50% ethanol; W: Water; BK: Batu Kurau; KB: Kepala Batas; S: Sik; CJ: Changkat Jering; SB: Sungai Buloh.
KEYWORDS: rosmarinic acid; Eupatorin; Orthosiphon stamineus; high-performance thin-layer chromatography; sinensitin; validation

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis

Fulltext Recurrent cystitis due to retained Jacques catheter--a case report

Tharmaseelan NK

Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):252-4.

PMID: 2626140

A case of persistent cystitis due to a Jacque's catheter as a foreign body in the bladder after an assisted vaginal delivery is described.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis/etiology*

Fulltext Tumor markers of bladder cancer: the schistosomal bladder tumors versus non-schistosomal bladder tumors

Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Kadhim HS, Abubakar F

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2009;28:27.

PMID: 19243595 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-27

The aim of this study is to comparatively elucidate the underlying molecular pathways and clinicopathological criteria in schistosomal bladder tumor (SBT) versus non-schistosomal bladder tumor (NSBT).

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis/parasitology; Cystitis/pathology

Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis concurrent with bacterial cystitis in a domestic shorthair cat

Hemasri S, Okene IA, Goni MD

J Adv Vet Anim Res, 2018 Dec;5(4):490-495.

PMID: 31453163 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2018.e304

Objective: The main aim of this case report is to present a case of feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis that occurred concurrently with bacterial cystitis following the bite.

Material and methods: A 3-year-old intact male domestic shorthair cat weighing 3.7 kg was referred to the Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Veterinary Clinic with clinical signs of hematuria and dysuria. History revealed that it was managed outdoor, fed with kibbles and wet food, but with no vaccination and deworming. Upon physical examination, the cat had a dull appearance, pale mucous membrane, normal respiratory rate, hypothermia, and bradycardia. Upon the examination of the urogenital system, there were urine burns at the anal region, necrotized penile tip, and presence of bite wound observed at the perineal region. Turgid and enlarged urinary bladder was identified upon palpation.

Results: Diagnostic investigation revealed the hemotropic mycoplasmosis via microscopy, while urine culture was positive for Escherichia coli infection. The cat was successfully treated symptomatically.

Conclusion: However, the prognosis of this cat was guarded given that the anemia was unresolved at the point of discharge.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis

Fulltext Urinary tract infections in pregnancy

Loh KY, Sivalingam N

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(2):54-57.

MyJurnal

Urinary tract infections frequently affect pregnant mothers. This problem causes significant morbidity and healthcare expenditure. Three common clinical manifestations of UTIs in pregnancy are: asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis and acute pyelonephritis. Escherichia coli remains the most frequent organism isolated in UTIs. All pregnant mothers should be screened for UTIs in pregnancy and antibiotics should be commenced without delay. Urine culture and sensitivity is the gold standard in diagnosing UTIs. Without treatment, asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy is associated with preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, maternal hypertension, pre-eclampsia and anaemia. Acute pyelonephritis can lead to maternal sepsis. Recurrent UTIs in pregnancy require prophylactic antibiotic treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis

[A case of chronic schistosomiasis four years after infestation]

Pedalino M, Vercesi E, Manini C, Piras D, Di Primio OG, Vella R, et al.

Urologia, 2010 Oct-Dec;77 Suppl 17:38-41.

PMID: 21308673

Authors present a case of bilharziosis incidentally diagnosed in a patient undergoing TURB for suspected bladder cancer. The patient, who in 2005 had gone to Malaysia, had been suffering from recurrent hemorrhagic cystitis since 2007, which were treated with antibiotic therapy. In November 2009 he presented to our observation for persistent hematuria, underwent ultrasound examination, fibroscopy and TURB diagnostics for suspicious lesions. The histopathology diagnosis found granulomatous lesions with typical parasites eggs due to schistosomiasis eggs. As a consequence of that, the patient underwent medical therapy. The pathologist's role becomes nullifying not only for the diagnosis of parasitic infections but also for the exclusion or evidence of urothelial squamous neoplasia. The low incidence of this rare parasitic disease in European tourists and the presence of immigrants in our country require to spread the knowledge of these parasites and the most simple tests for early detection.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystitis/diagnosis

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