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Fulltext Abstracts of 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Public Health, 7 - 9 September 2015, Kuantan, Malaysia

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Sep;70 Suppl 1:1-81.
PMID: 26449327

Household food insecurity in Malaysia: findings from Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey
Current nutrient intake among Malaysia Adult: Finding from MANS 2014
The prevalence of meal patterns among Malaysia Adults: Findings from MANS 2014
Malaysia health policy adaptation toward climate change
Health Security and Health Diplomacy: New Paradigms for Global Public Health
Current intake of food according to Food Group: Finding from MANS 2014
Prevalence of habits in relation to food consumption
Food label reading and understanding among Malaysian adult: findings from MANS 2014
Dietary supplement use among adults in Malaysia: finding from Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS 2014)
Food Consumption Patterns: Findings from the Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2014
Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2014)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Fulltext Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2014)

ISBN: 978-983-2387-15-2

Citation and links
National Health and Morbidity Survey 2014: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS). Volume I: Methodology and General Findigns. Kuala Lumur: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2014
http://iku.moh.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2014-MANS-VOLUME-1-MethodologyandGeneralFind.pdf

National Health and Morbidity Survey 2014: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS). Volume II: Survey Findigns. Kuala Lumur: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2014
http://iku.moh.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2014-MANS-VOLUME-2-SurveyFindings.pdf

National Health and Morbidity Survey 2014: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS). Volume III: Food Consumption Statistics of Malaysia. Kuala Lumur: Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2014
http://iku.moh.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2014-MANS-VOLUME-3-FoodConsumptionStatisticsofMalaysia.pdf

Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2014)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Fulltext Food consumption patterns: Findings from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS)

Norimah AK, Safiah M, Jamal K, Haslinda S, Zuhaida H, Rohida S, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2008 Mar;14(1):25-39.
PMID: 22691762 MyJurnal

This study reports the food consumption patterns of adults aged 18 to 59 years in the Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) carried out between October 2002 and December 2003. A total of 6,742 subjects comprising 3,274 men and 3,468 women representing the northern, central , southern and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia as well as Sabah and Sarawak were interviewed. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which consisted of 126 food items was used to evaluate the food consumption pattern (habitual food intake) of the respondents during the previous one- year period. The results demonstrate that nasi putih (cooked rice) was consumed by 97% of the population twice daily (average 2½ plates per day). Other food items consumed daily were marine fish, (one medium fish per day), green leafy vegetables (one cup per day) and sweetened condensed milk (three teaspoons per day. The mean frequencies for daily intake of rice, leafy vegetables, marine fish, local kuih, anchovy (ikan bilis) and biscuits were significantly higher among the rural compared to the urban adults. In contrast, more urban dwellers consumed chicken and eggs more frequently than their rural counterparts. More men than women consumed chicken and eggs more frequently. Malaysian adults showed a satisfactory habit of drinking plain water, with 99% drinking at least six glasses of plain water daily. Other beverages such as tea (47%), coffee (28%), chocolate-based drinks (23%) and cordial syrup (11%) were also consumed on daily basis, however, in a smaller proportion of the population. There were differences in the prevalence of daily consumption of foods when comparing urban and rural population, and also between men and women. The prevalence of daily consumption of marine fish among rural and urban adults was 51% and 34% respectively. For sweetened condensed milk, men and women consumed 43% and 28% respectively; however, more women drank full cream milk than men. Between the age groups, 21% of adults below 20 years old consumed chicken at least once a day, while this pattern of intake was not shown in the older age groups. Our findings show that adults, aged 50 to 59 years old, had the highest prevalence of daily consumption of full cream milk with 24% while those aged 18 to 19 years old had the lowest prevalence of daily consumption at 15%. The food consumption pattern of Malaysian adults appears to be satisfactory. However, some changes in food habits are recommended especially in substituting the less wholesome sweetened condensed milk with the more nutritious full cream or skimmed milk.
Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Fulltext Energy and nutrient intakes: Findings from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS)

Mirnalini K, Zalilah MS, Safiah MY, Tahir A, Siti Haslinda MD, Siti Rohana D, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2008 Mar;14(1):1-24.
PMID: 22691761 MyJurnal

Nutrition surveys based on a representative sample of the Malaysian adult population have hitherto not been reported. In 2003, the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, conducted the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS), the first and largest nutrition survey in the country which aimed to provide detailed quantitative information on nutritional status, food and nutrient intakes, and physical activity pattern on a nationwide representative sample of adult subjects between the ages of 18 and 59 years. The survey covered four zones in Peninsular Malaysia (Central, Southern, Northern and East Coast), Sabah and Sarawak. This paper presents the mean and selected percentiles of energy and nutrient intake of 6886 subjects by selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Energy contributions by macronutrients and dietary adequacy in relation to the Recommended Nutrient Intake for Malaysians are also described. Information on dietary intake was collected by trained nutritionists using a one day 24-hour diet recall. Dietary data were analysed using Nutritionist Pro, a diet analysis software and statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS ver. 13.0. In most of the demographic and socioeconomic groups, males had higher mean energy (1776 kcal) and nutrient intake and percent achievement of RNI than females (1447 kcal). The proportions of calories derived from macronutrients were within the recommendations for a healthy diet. Intake of micronutrients such as iron, calcium and vitamin A was about 50% of RNI particularly in women. Sodium intake of Malaysians, not reported in earlier studies, is also made available. Under-reporting using the EI/BMR ratio was found in half of the population studied. The present study provides the first national estimates of energy and nutrient intake of the Malaysian adult population. Regular nutrition surveys are needed at the national level to provide valuable information on trends in food and nutrient intake, particularly among age and ethnically diverse subgroups of the population.
Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Fulltext Food choices among Malaysian adults: Findings from Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2003 and MANS 2014

Mohamad Kasim N, Ahmad MH, Shaharudin AB, Naidu BM, Chan YY, Aris T

Malays J Nutr, 2018;24(1):63-75.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Changes in dietary habits are known to be associated with changes in health outcomes. This study determined food choices among Malaysian adults using secondary data of the Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) in 2003 and MANS in 2014.
Methods: A total of 6,742 and 3,000 adults aged 18 to 59 years participated in MANS 2003 and MANS 2014, respectively. Both studies used a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess habitual food intake.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of adults consuming rice twice daily were 97.3% and 86.9% in 2003 and 2014, respectively. While the percentage of urban dwellers who consumed rice daily differed significantly between 2003 (96.7%) and 2014 (86.9%), the percentage remained quite similar among rural adults in 2003 (97.8%) and 2014 (96.3%). Other top ten food items consumed daily were sugar (2003, 58.5% vs 2014, 55.9%), marine fish (40.8% vs 29.4%), green leafy vegetables (39.9% vs 43.2%) and sweetened condensed milk (35.2% vs 29.3%). In both surveys, a higher percentage of men consumed rice, sugar and sweetened condensed milk on a daily basis compared to women, a higher proportion of whom daily consumed green leafy vegetables and marine fish. Majority of the adults reported drinking plain water daily. Other beverages taken daily were tea, coffee and chocolate-malt drinks.
Conclusion: Rice, sugar and sweetened condensed milk were among the top food items consumed daily in 2003 and 2014. Educational efforts to improve dietary intake of Malaysian adults is recommended.
Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003); Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2014)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Fulltext Daily energy intake from meals and afternoon snacks: Findings from the Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS)

Zalilah MS, Mirnalini K, Safiah MY, Tahir A, Siti Haslinda MD, Siti Rohana D, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2008 Mar;14(1):41-55.
PMID: 22691763 MyJurnal

Meal and snack patterns are associated with energy and nutrient intakes and consequently health and nutritional status. The aim of this paper is to describe the percentage of daily energy intake from meals and afternoon snack among Malaysian adults. The study included a representative sample of adults aged 18-59 years (n=7349) from a nationwide Food Consumption Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health. Information on dietary intake was obtained using a one day 24-hour diet recall (24-HDR). Dietary data on 6886 adults were analysed using Nutritionist ProTM and statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS 13.0. The median percentage of daily energy intake is reported only for adults consuming meals and afternoon tea and by socio-demographic characteristics as well as body mass index (BMI) status. More than 80% of Malaysian adults consumed morning meals, lunch and dinner and 54% reported having afternoon tea. The median percentage of energy intake from morning meals, lunch, dinner and afternoon tea was 29.9%, 30.5%, 32.4% and 17%, respectively. There were variations in the median percentage of energy from meals and snacks according to the socio-demographic variables and BMI status. It is important to understand the eating patterns of Malaysians as the information can assist in efforts to address obesity and diet-related chronic diseases among adults.
Study name: Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys
Development of a nutrition management software based on selected Middle Eastern and Mediterranean dishes to support personalized diet and weight management

Alu'datt MH, Khamayseh Y, Alhamad MN, Tranchant CC, Gammoh S, Rababah T, et al.

Food Chem, 2022 Mar 30;373(Pt B):131531.
PMID: 34823940 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131531

The nutrient composition of 50 commonly consumed Jordanian food dishes was determined to support the development of a novel nutrition management system designed to assist with dietary intake assessment and diet management. Composite dishes were selected by interviewing households located in the northern region of Jordan. For each dish, five different recipes were collected from experienced chefs and the typical recipe was formulated based on the average weights of ingredients and net weight of the dish. Proximate composition as well as vitamin and mineral contents were determined and related to ingredient composition and cooking conditions. The newly created food composition database was used to develop a user-centric nutrition management software tailored to reflect the characteristics of the Jordanian diet with representative items from this diet. This novel nutrition management system is customizable, enabling users to build daily meal plans in accordance with personalized dietary needs and goals.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys
Fulltext Recommended nutrient intake for dietary fibre: bar set too high for Malaysians?

Ng TKW, Chow SS, Chan LP, Lee CY, Lim SQ

Malays J Nutr, 2010 Aug;16(2):271-80.
PMID: 22691932 MyJurnal

This article presents findings from three separate data sets on food consumption in apparently healthy Malaysian adult males and females aged 22-60 years, and secondary data extracted from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2003. Assessment of food intake by 24-hour recall or the food diary method and use of the nutrient calculator- DietPLUS- to quantify intake of macronutrients and dietary fibre (DF) in the primary data, revealed low mean DF intakes of 10.7±1.0 g/day (Course participants, n=52), 15.6 ±1.2 (University sample, n=103), and 16.1±6.1 (Research Institute staff, n=25). An alarmingly high proportion of subjects (75 to 95%) in these three data sets did not meet the national population intake goal of 20-30 g DF/day. A list of 39 food items which contain fibre, extracted from the MANS 2003 report as being average amounts consumed daily by each Malaysian adult, provided 19.2 g DF which meant that >50% of Malaysian adults consumed less than the recommended DF intake of 20-30 g/day. This large deficit of actual intake versus recommended intakes is not new and is also observed in developed western nations. What is of great concern is that the preliminary findings presented in this article indicate that the national population goal of 20-30 g DF/day may be beyond the habitual diets of the majority of Malaysians. Appropriately, the authors propose the inclusion of a daily minimum requirement for DF intake in the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines, which would somewhat mimic the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines 1999 for dietary fat, as well as the stand taken by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) of the United Kingdom. This minimum requirement, if agreed to, should not be higher than the 16 g DF or so provided by the hypothetical 'high-fibre' healthy diet exemplified in this article.
Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys
The Maastricht FFQ: Development and validation of a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire for the Maastricht study

van Dongen MC, Wijckmans-Duysens NEG, den Biggelaar LJ, Ocké MC, Meijboom S, Brants HA, et al.

Nutrition, 2019 06;62:39-46.
PMID: 30826598 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.015

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for The Maastricht Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Maastricht, The Netherlands.
METHODS: Item selection for the FFQ was based on explained variation and contribution to intake of energy and 24 nutrients. For validation, the FFQ was completed by 135 participants (25-70 y of age) of the Nutrition Questionnaires plus study. Per person, on average 2.8 (range 1-5) telephone-based 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs), two 24-h urinary samples, and one blood sample were available. Validity of 54 nutrients and 22 food groups was assessed by ranking agreement, correlation coefficients, attenuation factors, and ultimately deattenuated correlation coefficients (validity coefficients).
RESULTS: Median correlation coefficients for energy and macronutrients, micronutrients, and food groups were 0.45, 0.36, and 0.38, respectively. Median deattenuated correlation coefficients were 0.53 for energy and macronutrients, 0.45 for micronutrients, and 0.64 for food groups, being >0.50 for 18 of 22 macronutrients, 16 of 30 micronutrients and >0.50 for 17 of 22 food groups. The FFQ underestimated protein and potassium intake compared with 24-h urinary nitrogen and potassium excretion by -18% and -2%, respectively. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.50 and 0.55 for (fatty) fish intake and plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and from 0.26 to 0.42 between fruit and vegetable intake and plasma carotenoids.
CONCLUSION: Overall, the validity of the 253-item Maastricht FFQ was satisfactory. The comprehensiveness of this FFQ make it well suited for use in The Maastricht Study and similar populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys/standards*; Diet Surveys/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary assessment in Malay adolescents in Malaysia

Nurul-Fadhilah A, Teo PS, Foo LH

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2012;21(1):97-103.
PMID: 22374566

Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) must be tailored to the target populations because dietary habits vary within the populations due to differences in cultural and lifestyles practices. Limited information is available to assess the validity of FFQ used among Malaysian adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys/methods; Diet Surveys/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Reproducibility and Relative Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire in 9-10 Year-Old Children

Saeedi P, Skeaff SA, Wong JE, Skidmore PM

Nutrients, 2016;8(5).
PMID: 27164137 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050271

The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility and validity of a non-quantitative 28-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Children aged 9-10 years (n = 50) from three schools in Dunedin, New Zealand, completed the FFQ twice and a four-day estimated food diary (4DEFD) over a two-week period. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Spearman's correlation coefficients (SCC) were used to determine reproducibility and validity of the FFQ, respectively. Weekly intakes were estimated for each food item and aggregated into 23 food items/groups. More than half of the food items/groups (52.2%) had an ICC ≥0.5. The median SCC between FFQ administrations was 0.66 (ranging from 0.40 for processed meat to 0.82 for sweets and non-dairy drinks). Cross-classification analysis between the first FFQ and 4DEFD for ranking participants into thirds showed that breakfast cereals had the highest agreement (54.0%) and pasta the lowest (34.0%). In validity analyses, 70% of food items/groups had a SCC ≥0.3. Results indicate that the FFQ is a useful tool for ranking children according to food items/groups intake. The low respondent burden and relative simplicity of the FFQ makes it suitable for use in large cohort studies of 9-10 year-old children in New Zealand.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys
Fulltext Development of a Photographic Food Atlas as a Portion Size Estimation Kit for Malaysian

Wong LS, Wong JE

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2020;66(Supplement):S184-S189.
PMID: 33612592 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.S184

A photographic food atlas is a series of photographs showing different quantities of different foods. It serves as a portion size estimation aid (PSEA). In Malaysia, the existing food atlases, which display foods in exchanges and standard portion sizes, may not be representative of the actual sizes of the portions of food consumed by the local population. This paper aims to describe the development of a food atlas, namely the 'MY Food Album', and assess its usability as a PSEA. Thirty four participants (aged 31.6±20.9 y) served themselves, in a laboratory setting, what they considered to be typical, small, medium, and large portions of 23 amorphus food items. All food portions were weighed to obtain the mean and standard deviation of the range of food portion sizes to be displayed in the food atlas. Using standard camera and lighting settings, various local foods were photographed at an angle of 45º. A total of 393 food items were categorized into 14 food groups and presented as serial (n=101), guide (n=213) and range (n=79) photographs. The usability of MY Food Album was evaluated by six nutritionists and dietitians using an adapted questionnaire. The food atlas was perceived to be useful to aid in the quantification of food during dietary assessment. It was suggested that the function, dimension and application of fiducial markers be introduced in the food atlas to facilitate its use in size estimation. While MY Food Album was well-accepted as a PSEA, futher validation is required to evaluate the effectiveness of this newly developed food atlas in portion size estimation.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys
Evaluating household food insecurity: applications and insights from rural Malaysia

Cooper EE

Ecol Food Nutr, 2013;52(4):294-316.
PMID: 23802913 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2012.707419

Hunger is complex, encompassing experiences ranging from a family's forced acceptance of a monotonous diet to individual physiological pain. I evaluate the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) as a means of capturing the universal elements of hunger without doing violence to its culturally-specific expressions within two Malay communities. The HFIAS is assessed conceptually by comparing its assumptions and concept-to-measurement gap with competing indicators and practically with respect to village conditions and practices. This case study recommends the HFIAS for this site and for communities that similarly lack maternal buffering, while highlighting the unique features of the local hunger experience.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys/standards*
Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate the intake of genistein in Malaysia

Fernandez AR, Omar SZ, Husain R

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2013 Nov;64(7):794-800.
PMID: 23701012 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.798269

To develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate the genistein intake in a Malaysian population of pregnant women.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys/standards*
Dietary calcium intake in postmenopausal Malaysian women: comparison between the food frequency questionnaire and three-day food records

Chee WS, Suriah AR, Zaitun Y, Chan SP, Yap SL, Chan YM

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11(2):142-6.
PMID: 12074181

The objective of this study was to compare the dietary calcium intakes assessed by a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the three-day food record method in 230 Chinese postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years in Kuala Lumpur. The results showed that the mean calcium intake from the dietary records was 447+/-168 mg/day and 499+/-211 mg/day from the FFQ. The mean difference in intake by the two methods was 51.3 mg (95% CI = -30.8-77.9; SD = 181.2, P>0.05), which did not differ significantly from zero. Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.56 was obtained between the two methods. Ninety-five percent of the individuals classified by food records fell into the same or within-one-quartile category when classified by FFQ. Forty-eight percent were classified into the same quartile by both methods. No subjects were grossly misclassified by the FFQ. The FFQ correctly identified subjects with calcium intakes below the Malaysian recommended daily allowance (450 mg/day) with 60% specificity and with 92% specificity for women consuming less than 800 mg calcium/day. In conclusion, the FFQ developed was a useful, rapid clinical tool for assessing calcium intake and identifying postmenopausal Chinese women with low calcium intakes in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Dietary assessment of pre-diabetic patients by using food frequency questionnaire. A systematic review of study quality, study outcome, study questionnaire and their relative validity and reliability

Siddiqui S, Zainal H, Harun SN, Sheikh Ghadzi SM

Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2019 02;29:213-223.
PMID: 30661689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.10.002

BACKGROUND: The contribution of dietary factors in the development and progression of pre-diabetes has been increasingly recognized. However, due to high variability in dietary habits measurement of dietary intake remains one of the most challenging tasks in this population. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which investigates usual dietary intake can be used to identify frequent consumption of foods such as dietary fat, fiber, grains that are linked to the risk of pre-diabetes.
METHOD: This systematic review was conducted to identify and describe FFQs that measure dietary intake of pre-diabetic patients and to examine their relative validity and reliability. The systematic search was done through electronic databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus. Methodological quality of included studies and results of study outcome was also summarized in this review.
RESULT: The search identified 445 papers, of which 18 studies reported 15 FFQs, met inclusion criteria. Most of the FFQs (n = 12) were semi-quantitative while three were frequency measures with portion size estimation of selected food items. Test-retest reliability of FFQ was reported in 7 (38.3%) studies with the correlation coefficient of 0.33-0.92. Relative validity of FFQ was reported in 16 (88.8%) studies with the range of correlation coefficient of 0.08-0.83. Dietary patterns rich in carbohydrate, fat, animal protein and n-3 fatty acids were associated with increased risk of pre-diabetes.
CONCLUSION: No well-established disease-specific FFQ identified in the literature. Development of a valid, practical and reliable tool is needed for better understanding of the impact of diet in pre-diabetic population.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Fulltext Body mass index (BMI) of adults: Findings of the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS)

Azmi MY, Junidah R, Siti Mariam A, Safiah MY, Fatimah S, Norimah AK, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2009 Sep;15(2):97-119.
PMID: 22691810 MyJurnal

The Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) was carried out between October 2002 and July 2003, involving 6,775 men and 3,441 women aged 18 - 59 years. Anthropometric assessment showed that the overall mean body weight and BMI were 62.65 kg (CI: 62.20, 63.09) and 24.37 kg/m2 (CI: 24.21, 24.53) respectively. Based on the WHO (1998) classification of BMI, 12.15% (CI: 11.26, 13.10) were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), and 26.71% (CI: 25.50, 27.96) overweight (BMI > 25 - 29.9 kg/m2). Significantly, more women were obese [14.66% (CI: 13.37, 16.04)] while significantly more men were overweight [28.55% (CI: 26.77, 30.40)]. Ethnicitywise, prevalence of obesity was highest among the Malays [15.28% (CI: 13.91, 16.77)] while overweight was highest for the Indians [31.01% (CI: 26.64, 35.76)]. Both obesity and overweight were highest among those aged 40 - 49 years. Obesity was highest for those whose household income was between RM1,500 - 3,500 while overweight was more prevalent for those whose household income exceeded RM3,500. The prevalence of overweight was highest for those with primary education [31.90% (CI: 29.21, 34.72)]. There was no significant urban rural differential in both obesity and overweight. The study found 9.02% (CI:8.82, 10.61) with chronic energy deficiency (CED) (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). The prevalence of CED was relatively higher in the indigenous population (Orang Asli) [14.53% (CI: 5.14, 34.77)], subjects aged 18-19 years [26.24% (CI: 21.12, 32.09)], and with monthly household income of < RM1,500 [10.85% (CI: 9.63, 12.20)]. The prevalence of CED was not significantly different among the geographical zones and educational levels, and between urban/rural areas and sexes. The results call for priority action to address the serious problem of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adults as it poses a grave burden to the country's resources and development.
Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Fulltext Meal patterns of Malaysian adults: findings from the Malaysian adults nutrition survey (MANS)

Wan Abdul Manan WM, Nur Firdaus I, Safiah MY, Siti Haslinda MD, Poh BK, Norimah AK, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2012 Aug;18(2):221-30.
PMID: 24575668 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Meal patterns have received little attention in nutrition studies. The aim of this study is to present the findings on general meal patterns of Malaysian adults.
METHODS: The Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS), carried out in 2002 and 2003, involved 6,928 adults selected by stratified random sampling from all households by zone in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak.
RESULTS: In general, the results showed that most respondents (74.16%) ate three meals per day; 89.20% of the respondents consumed breakfast, while 88.57% consumed lunch and 91.97% consumed dinner with no significant difference in terms of sex. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Northern Zone had the highest number of people consuming breakfast compared to other zones. Meanwhile, the population in Sarawak had the largest proportion of people consuming lunch and dinner, but the smallest proportion of people consuming breakfast. A significantly higher number of the rural population consumed breakfast and lunch than urbanites; however there was no significant difference in dinner consumption. Generally, breakfast consumption increased with age whereby significant difference existed between the 18 to 19 years age group and the age group of 30 years and older. Lunch intake among the age groups showed no significant difference. In contrast, dinner consumption was significantly lower among the 18 to 19 years age group compared to all other age groups. Comparison among the ethnic groups showed that the Indian population had the lowest percentage of having breakfast and lunch while the Orang Asli had the lowest percentage of consuming dinner. However, the Orang Asli recorded the highest percentage for taking breakfast and lunch while the Chinese had the highest percentage of taking dinner.
CONCLUSION: Considering that Malaysian adults consumed their conventional breakfast, lunch and dinner, these findings indicatethat Malaysians are maintaining their traditional meal patterns.
Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*
Evaluation of dietary taste patterns as assessed by FFQ against 24-h recalls and biomarkers of exposure

van Langeveld AWB, Teo PS, Mars M, Feskens EJM, de Graaf C, de Vries JHM

Eur J Clin Nutr, 2019 01;73(1):132-140.
PMID: 30254242 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0300-1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Taste is of key importance in food choice and dietary patterns, but studies on taste profiles are limited. We previously assessed dietary taste patterns by 24 h recalls (24hR), but for epidemiological studies food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) may also be suitable. This study compared dietary taste patterns based on FFQ against 24hR and biomarkers of exposure.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A taste database including 467 foods' sweet, sour, bitter, salt, umami and fat sensation values was combined with food intake data to assess dietary taste patterns: the contribution to energy intake of 6 taste clusters. The FFQ's reliability was assessed against 3-d 24hR and urinary biomarkers for sodium (Na) and protein intake (N) in Dutch men (n = 449) and women (n = 397) from the NQplus validation study (mean age 53 ± 11 y, BMI 26 ± 4 kg/m2).
RESULTS: Correlations of dietary taste patterns ranged from 0.39-0.68 between FFQ and 24hR (p

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys/methods*
Fulltext Development, validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire in pregnancy for the Universiti Sains Malaysia birth cohort study

Loy SL, Marhazlina M, Nor AY, Hamid JJ

Malays J Nutr, 2011 Apr;17(1):1-18.
PMID: 22135861 MyJurnal

Introduction: This study aimed to develop and examine the validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among Malay pregnant women in Kelantan, Malaysia.
Methods: A total of 177 Malay pregnant women participated in the validation study while 85 of them participated in the reproducibility study which was carried out in the antenatal clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. The newly developed FFQ was validated against two 24-hour dietary recalls (DR). The FFQ was repeated 20 to 28 days apart.
Results: Results showed that the FFQ moderately over estimated the nutrient and food intakes compared to the DR. Spearman correlation
coefficients for nutrients ranged from 0.24 (fat) to 0.61 (calcium) and for foods, ranged from 0.13 (organ meats, onion and garlic) to 0.57 (malt drink). For nutrients, 72 to 85% of women were classified into the correct quartiles from the FFQ and the DR while for foods, 67 to 85% of women were classified correctly. Bland-Altman plot showed relatively good agreement between these two dietary methods. The intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to estimate reproducibility. It ranged from 0.75 (vitamin C) to 0.94 (phosphorus) for nutrients while it ranged from 0.73 (confectionary) to 0.96 (coffee) for foods.
Conclusion: On average, at least 90% of pregnant women were correctly classified into the quartiles for nutrients and foods from the two sets of the FFQ. The FFQ presented acceptable reproducibility and appears to be a valid tool for categorising pregnant women according to dietary intake.
Keywords: Assessment of nutritional status, diet, food frequency questionnaire, maternal nutrition

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Surveys*

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