Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 76 in total

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  1. Aliteh NA, Misron N, Aris I, Mohd Sidek R, Tashiro K, Wakiwaka H
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Aug 01;18(8).
    PMID: 30071614 DOI: 10.3390/s18082496
    This paper aims to study a triple flat-type air coil inductive sensor that can identify two maturity stages of oil palm fruits, ripe and unripe, based on the resonance frequency and fruitlet capacitance changes. There are two types of triple structure that have been tested, namely Triple I and II. Triple I is a triple series coil with a fixed number of turns (n = 200) with different length, and Triple II is a coil with fixed length (l = 5 mm) and a different number of turns. The peak comparison between Triple I and II is using the coefficient of variation cv, which is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean to express the precision and repeatability of data. As the fruit ripens, the resonance frequency peaks from an inductance⁻frequency curve and shifts closer to the peak curve of the air, and the fruitlet capacitance decreases. The coefficient of the variation of the inductive oil palm fruit sensor shows that Triple I is smaller and more consistent in comparison with Triple II, for both resonance frequency and fruitlet capacitance. The development of this sensor proves the capability of an inductive element such as a coil, to be used as a sensor so as to determine the ripeness of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch sample.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  2. Ab Wahab N, Mohd Salleh MK, Ismail Khan Z, Abd Rashid NE
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:671369.
    PMID: 25121132 DOI: 10.1155/2014/671369
    Reconfigurable ring filter based on single-side-access ring topology is presented. Using capacitive tuning elements, the electrical length of the ring can be manipulated to shift the nominal center frequency to a desired position. A synthesis is developed to determine the values of the capacitive elements. To show the advantage of the synthesis, it is applied to the reconfigurable filter design using RF lumped capacitors. The concept is further explored by introducing varactor-diodes to continuously tune the center frequency of the ring filter. For demonstration, two prototypes of reconfigurable ring filters are realized using microstrip technology, simulated, and measured to validate the proposed concept. The reconfigured filter using lumped elements is successfully reconfigured from 2 GHz to 984.4 MHz and miniaturized by 71% compared to the filter directly designed at the same reconfigured frequency, while, for the filter using varactor-diodes, the frequency is chosen from 1.10 GHz to 1.38 GHz spreading over 280 MHz frequency range. Both designs are found to be compact with acceptable insertion loss and high selectivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance*
  3. Srikanta Murthy A, Azis N, Jasni J, Othman ML, Mohd Yousof MF, Talib MA
    PLoS One, 2020;15(8):e0236409.
    PMID: 32853253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236409
    This paper proposes an alternative approach to extract transformer's winding parameters of resistance (R), inductance (L), capacitance (C) and conductance (G) based on Finite Element Method (FEM). The capacitance and conductance were computed based on Fast Multiple Method (FMM) and Method of Moment (MoM) through quasi-electrostatics approach. The AC resistances and inductances were computed based on MoM through quasi-magnetostatics approach. Maxwell's equations were used to compute the DC resistances and inductances. Based on the FEM computed parameters, the frequency response of the winding was obtained through the Bode plot function. The simulated frequency response by FEM model was compared with the simulated frequency response based on the Multi-conductor Transmission Line (MTL) model and the measured frequency response of a 33/11 kV, 30 MVA transformer. The statistical indices such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Absolute Sum of Logarithmic Error (ASLE) were used to analyze the performance of the proposed FEM model. It is found that the simulated frequency response by FEM model is quite close to measured frequency response at low and mid frequency regions as compared to simulated frequency response by MTL model based on RMSE and ASLE analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance*
  4. Ng CL, Reaz MBI, Crespo ML, Cicuttin A, Chowdhury MEH
    Sci Rep, 2020 09 10;10(1):14891.
    PMID: 32913303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71709-0
    A capacitive electromyography (cEMG) biomedical sensor measures the EMG signal from human body through capacitive coupling methodology. It has the flexibility to be insulated by different types of materials. Each type of insulator will yield a unique skin-electrode capacitance which determine the performance of a cEMG biomedical sensor. Most of the insulator being explored are solid and non-breathable which cause perspiration in a long-term EMG measurement process. This research aims to explore the porous medical bandages such as micropore, gauze, and crepe bandage to be used as an insulator of a cEMG biomedical sensor. These materials are breathable and hypoallergenic. Their unique properties and characteristics have been reviewed respectively. A 50 Hz digital notch filter was developed and implemented in the EMG measurement system design to further enhance the performance of these porous medical bandage insulated cEMG biomedical sensors. A series of experimental verifications such as noise floor characterization, EMG signals measurement, and performance correlation were done on all these sensors. The micropore insulated cEMG biomedical sensor yielded the lowest noise floor amplitude of 2.44 mV and achieved the highest correlation coefficient result in comparison with the EMG signals captured by the conventional wet contact electrode.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance*
  5. Chuan MW, Wong KL, Riyadi MA, Hamzah A, Rusli S, Alias NE, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(6):e0253289.
    PMID: 34125874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253289
    Silicene has attracted remarkable attention in the semiconductor research community due to its silicon (Si) nature. It is predicted as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation nanoelectronic devices. In this paper, an efficient non-iterative technique is employed to create the SPICE models for p-type and n-type uniformly doped silicene field-effect transistors (FETs). The current-voltage characteristics show that the proposed silicene FET models exhibit high on-to-off current ratio under ballistic transport. In order to obtain practical digital logic timing diagrams, a parasitic load capacitance, which is dependent on the interconnect length, is attached at the output terminal of the logic circuits. Furthermore, the key circuit performance metrics, including the propagation delay, average power, power-delay product and energy-delay product of the proposed silicene-based logic gates are extracted and benchmarked with published results. The effects of the interconnect length to the propagation delay and average power are also investigated. The results of this work further envisage the uniformly doped silicene as a promising candidate for future nanoelectronic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance*
  6. Zubair M, Tang TB
    Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(7):11351-61.
    PMID: 24967606 DOI: 10.3390/s140711351
    This paper presents the design of a non-intrusive system to measure ultra-low water content in crude oil. The system is based on a capacitance to phase angle conversion method. Water content is measured with a capacitance sensor comprising two semi-cylindrical electrodes mounted on the outer side of a glass tube. The presence of water induces a capacitance change that in turn converts into a phase angle, with respect to a main oscillator. A differential sensing technique is adopted not only to ensure high immunity against temperature variation and background noise, but also to eliminate phase jitter and amplitude variation of the main oscillator that could destabilize the output. The complete capacitive sensing system was implemented in hardware and experiment results using crude oil samples demonstrated that a resolution of ± 50 ppm of water content in crude oil was achieved by the proposed design.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  7. Yang Y, Fedorov G, Shafranjuk SE, Klapwijk TM, Cooper BK, Lewis RM, et al.
    Nano Lett., 2015 Dec 09;15(12):7859-66.
    PMID: 26506109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02564
    Van Hove singularities (VHSs) are a hallmark of reduced dimensionality, leading to a divergent density of states in one and two dimensions and predictions of new electronic properties when the Fermi energy is close to these divergences. In carbon nanotubes, VHSs mark the onset of new subbands. They are elusive in standard electronic transport characterization measurements because they do not typically appear as notable features and therefore their effect on the nanotube conductance is largely unexplored. Here we report conductance measurements of carbon nanotubes where VHSs are clearly revealed by interference patterns of the electronic wave functions, showing both a sharp increase of quantum capacitance, and a sharp reduction of energy level spacing, consistent with an upsurge of density of states. At VHSs, we also measure an anomalous increase of conductance below a temperature of about 30 K. We argue that this transport feature is consistent with the formation of Cooper pairs in the nanotube.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  8. Hossain MZ, Selvaraj JA, Rahim NA
    PLoS One, 2018;13(11):e0206691.
    PMID: 30500857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206691
    Over the past few years, high step-up dc-dc converters have been drawn substantial attention because of their wide-ranging application not only in the renewable energy sector but also in many other applications. To acquire a high voltage gain in photovoltaic (PV) and other renewable energy applications, a high step-up dc-dc converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter structure consists of a full-bridge (FB) module along with an input boost inductor and a voltage multiplier based on the Cockcroft-Walton (CW) principle with a parallel inductor. The key features of the proposed converter are: 1) high voltage gain with lower voltage stress on the switches, diodes and other passive elements without affecting the number of cascaded stages, 2) a minimum size of boost inductance and cascaded stage capacitance that ensures its compactness and low cost, and 3) a minimal number of major components. Circuit operation, steady-state analysis and various design parameters of the proposed converter are explained in details. In order to prove the performance of the theoretical analysis, a laboratory prototype is also implemented. The peak voltage gain and the maximum efficiency obtained are 11.9 and 94.6% respectively with very low input current ripple and output voltage ripple generated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  9. Muthalif AGA, Wahid AN
    Sci Rep, 2021 Feb 25;11(1):4642.
    PMID: 33633253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84097-w
    Piezoelectric (PZT) shunt damping is an effective method to dissipate energy from a vibrating structure; however, most of the applications focus on targeting specific modes for structures vibrating at low-frequency range, i.e. deterministic substructure (DS). To optimally attenuate structures vibrating at high-frequency range, i.e. non-deterministic substructure (Non-DS) using a PZT shunt damper, it is found that the impedance of the PZT patch's terminal needs to be the complex conjugate of its inherent capacitance paralleled with the impedance 'faced' by its non-deterministic host structure underline moment actuation. The latter was derived in terms of estimation of the effective line moment mobility of a PZT patch on a Non-DS plate by integrating the expression of driving point moment mobility of an infinite thin plate. This paper conducts a parametric investigation to study the effect of changing the size, quantity and configuration of the PZT patch to the performance of the optimal PZT shunt dampers in dissipating the energy of its non-deterministic host structure. Results are shown in terms of energy reduction ratio of the thin plate when attached with optimal PZT shunt damper(s).
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  10. Ajina, Ahmida, Isa, Dino
    MyJurnal
    Two different supercapacitor configurations were fabricated using coconut shell-based activated
    carbon. Results for cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and charge-discharge measurements are presented and discussed for both configurations. The results show that coconut shell-based activated carbon is viable economical alternative electrode material to expensive activated carbon (AC) and carbon nano tubes (CNT). Meanwhile, the calculations from the charge-discharge characteristics show that the disk-shape supercapacitor, with 10% polyvinylidene fluoride binder (PVdF), has the highest specific capacitance (70F/g). Thus, the testing shows that the flat-laminated super-capacitor with 10% binder (PVdF) has the lowest (10.1ohms). Sources of high equivalent series resistance (ESR) are proposed and methods of reducing it are also discussed in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  11. Lim LG, Pao WK, Hamid NH, Tang TB
    Sensors (Basel), 2016 Jul 04;16(7).
    PMID: 27384567 DOI: 10.3390/s16071032
    A 360° twisted helical capacitance sensor was developed for holdup measurement in horizontal two-phase stratified flow. Instead of suppressing nonlinear response, the sensor was optimized in such a way that a 'sine-like' function was displayed on top of the linear function. This concept of design had been implemented and verified in both software and hardware. A good agreement was achieved between the finite element model of proposed design and the approximation model (pure sinusoidal function), with a maximum difference of ±1.2%. In addition, the design parameters of the sensor were analysed and investigated. It was found that the error in symmetry of the sinusoidal function could be minimized by adjusting the pitch of helix. The experiments of air-water and oil-water stratified flows were carried out and validated the sinusoidal relationship with a maximum difference of ±1.2% and ±1.3% for the range of water holdup from 0.15 to 0.85. The proposed design concept therefore may pose a promising alternative for the optimization of capacitance sensor design.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  12. Roslan, M.H., Azis, N., Jasni, J., Ibrahim, Z.
    MyJurnal
    Top-Oil Temperature (TOT) is one of the basic components to estimate the Hot-Spot temperature (HST) of the transformers. This paper presents an alternative TOT model based on the heat transfer theory that utilises Nonlinear Thermal Resistance (NTR) and Lumped Capacitance (LC) approaches. It is applied in a thermal-electrical analogy and the heat transfer equivalent equation is determined. This model is tested on a measured TOT of 250 MVA ONAF and 400 MVA ONAF transformers obtained from IEC 60076-7 and previous research. A comparison of TOT is carried out with the existing models IEC 60076-7 exponential and IEEE Loading Guide clause 7 methods. It is found that the thermal model based on the NTR and LC approach could determine the measured TOT closer than the existing methods available in the standards.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  13. Tawfikur Rahman, Motakabber, S.M.A., Ibrahimy, M.I.
    Scientific Research Journal, 2017;14(2):17-34.
    MyJurnal
    In recent years, the utility grid system is more essential for the power
    transmission and distribution system because it cannot produce harmful
    gases or no discharge waste in the environment. PWM based phase
    synchronous invert systems are generally utilised in the high efficiency
    energy supply, long distance and higher power quality. The inverter output
    voltage depends on the coupling transformer, input sources and invert
    controllers. An inverter using a three leg IGBT has been designed for utility
    grid and simulated by using MATLAB2014a. In this paper, both sides of
    the LCL filters are used for removing the DC ripple current, reducing the
    noise and synchronous the output phase between inverter and the utility
    grid. The PWM controller has created pulse signal to control the inverter,
    electronic switches and precisely synchronise with grid line frequency. In
    this system, the input DC voltage 500V, switching frequency 1.65 kHz, grid
    frequency 50Hz, 20 km feeder (resistance, inductance and capacitance per
    unit length, which are 0.1153, 1.05e-3 and 11.33e-09 ohms/km) with 30MW
    three phase load (active and inductive reactive power which are 30e6 W
    and 2e6 var) and also a balanced utility grid load of star configuration (00,
    1200, and 2400 degree) are considered in the design. On the other hand,
    three phase transformer consists of three signal phase transformers, normal
    power 100e3, magnetization resistance and inductance which are 500 pu and
    416.67pu are considered in this design. The system conversion efficiency
    is 99.94% and 99.96%, while the total THD are 0.06% on inverter side
    and 0.04% on grid side.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  14. Iqbal A, Smida A, Saraereh OA, Alsafasfeh QH, Mallat NK, Lee BM
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Mar 08;19(5).
    PMID: 30857265 DOI: 10.3390/s19051200
    A compact, cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA), using radio frequency signals to identify different liquids is proposed in this paper. The proposed CDRA sensor is excited by a rectangular slot through a 3-mm-wide microstrip line. The rectangular slot has been used to excite the CDRA for H E M 11 mode at 5.25 GHz. Circuit model values (capacitance, inductance, resistance and transformer ratios) of the proposed CDRA are derived to show the true behaviour of the system. The proposed CDRA acts as a sensor due to the fact that different liquids have different dielectric permittivities and, hence, will be having different resonance frequencies. Two different types of CDRA sensors are designed and experimentally validated with four different liquids (Isopropyl, ethanol, methanol and water).
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  15. Islam MM, Islam MT, Samsuzzaman M, Faruque MRI, Misran N, Mansor MF
    Materials (Basel), 2015 Jan 23;8(2):392-407.
    PMID: 28787945 DOI: 10.3390/ma8020392
    A miniaturized antenna employing a negative index metamaterial with modified split-ring resonator (SRR) and capacitance-loaded strip (CLS) unit cells is presented for Ultra wideband (UWB) microwave imaging applications. Four left-handed (LH) metamaterial (MTM) unit cells are located along one axis of the antenna as the radiating element. Each left-handed metamaterial unit cell combines a modified split-ring resonator (SRR) with a capacitance-loaded strip (CLS) to obtain a design architecture that simultaneously exhibits both negative permittivity and negative permeability, which ensures a stable negative refractive index to improve the antenna performance for microwave imaging. The antenna structure, with dimension of 16 × 21 × 1.6 mm³, is printed on a low dielectric FR4 material with a slotted ground plane and a microstrip feed. The measured reflection coefficient demonstrates that this antenna attains 114.5% bandwidth covering the frequency band of 3.4-12.5 GHz for a voltage standing wave ratio of less than 2 with a maximum gain of 5.16 dBi at 10.15 GHz. There is a stable harmony between the simulated and measured results that indicate improved nearly omni-directional radiation characteristics within the operational frequency band. The stable surface current distribution, negative refractive index characteristic, considerable gain and radiation properties make this proposed negative index metamaterial antenna optimal for UWB microwave imaging applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  16. Chiam SL, Lim HN, Hafiz SM, Pandikumar A, Huang NM
    Sci Rep, 2018 02 15;8(1):3093.
    PMID: 29449631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21572-x
    The energy density of conventional supercapacitors is in the range of 6-10 Wh kg-1, which has restricted them from many applications that require devices with long durations. Herein, we report a method for enhancing the energy density of a device through the parallel stacking of five copper foils coated on each side with graphene nanoplatelets. Microporous papers immersed in 2 M aqueous sodium sulphate were used as separators. With a low contact resistance of 0.05 Ω, the supercapacitor yielded an optimum specific energy density and a specific power density of 24.64 Wh kg-1 and 402 W kg-1 at 0.8 V, respectively. The working potential was increased to 2.4 V when three of the supercapacitors were connected in series, forming a tandem device. Its potential for real applications was manifested by the ability to light up a light-emitting diode for 40 s after charging for 60 s.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  17. Suen JW, Elumalai NK, Debnath S, Mubarak NM, Lim CI, Reddy Moola M, et al.
    Molecules, 2023 Jul 04;28(13).
    PMID: 37446854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135192
    Ionogels are hybrid materials comprising an ionic liquid confined within a polymer matrix. They have garnered significant interest due to their unique properties, such as high ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and wide electrochemical stability. These properties make ionogels suitable for various applications, including energy storage devices, sensors, and solar cells. However, optimizing the electrochemical performance of ionogels remains a challenge, as the relationship between specific capacitance, ionic conductivity, and electrolyte solution concentration is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we investigate the impact of electrolyte solution concentration on the electrochemical properties of ionogels to identify the correlation for enhanced performance. Our findings demonstrate a clear relationship between the specific capacitance and ionic conductivity of ionogels, which depends on the availability of mobile ions. The reduced number of ions at low electrolyte solution concentrations leads to decreased ionic conductivity and specific capacitance due to the scarcity of a double layer, constraining charge storage capacity. However, at a 31 vol% electrolyte solution concentration, an ample quantity of ions becomes accessible, resulting in increased ionic conductivity and specific capacitance, reaching maximum values of 58 ± 1.48 μS/cm and 45.74 F/g, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized ionogel demonstrates a wide electrochemical stability of 3.5 V, enabling diverse practical applications. This study provides valuable insights into determining the optimal electrolyte solution concentration for enhancing ionogel electrochemical performance for energy applications. It highlights the impact of ion pairs and aggregates on ion mobility within ionogels, subsequently affecting their resultant electrochemical properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance
  18. Shokrani MR, Khoddam M, Hamidon MN, Kamsani NA, Rokhani FZ, Shafie SB
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:963709.
    PMID: 24782680 DOI: 10.1155/2014/963709
    This paper presents a new type diode connected MOS transistor to improve CMOS conventional rectifier's performance in RF energy harvester systems for wireless sensor networks in which the circuits are designed in 0.18  μm TSMC CMOS technology. The proposed diode connected MOS transistor uses a new bulk connection which leads to reduction in the threshold voltage and leakage current; therefore, it contributes to increment of the rectifier's output voltage, output current, and efficiency when it is well important in the conventional CMOS rectifiers. The design technique for the rectifiers is explained and a matching network has been proposed to increase the sensitivity of the proposed rectifier. Five-stage rectifier with a matching network is proposed based on the optimization. The simulation results shows 18.2% improvement in the efficiency of the rectifier circuit and increase in sensitivity of RF energy harvester circuit. All circuits are designed in 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance*
  19. Aziz SB, Abdulwahid RT, Hamsan MH, Brza MA, Abdullah RM, Kadir MFZ, et al.
    Molecules, 2019 Sep 27;24(19).
    PMID: 31569650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193508
    In this report, a facile solution casting technique was used to fabricate polymer blend electrolytes of chitosan (CS):poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO):NH4SCN with high electrochemical stability (2.43V). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the polymer electrolyte formation. For the electrochemical property analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were carried out. Referring to the FTIR spectra, a complex formation between the added salt and CS:PEO was deduced by considering the decreasing and shifting of FTIR bands intensity in terms of functional groups. The CS:PEO:NH4SCN electrolyte was found to be electrochemically stable as the applied voltage linearly swept up to 2.43V. The cyclic voltammogram has presented a wide potential window without showing any sign of redox peaks on the electrode surface. The proved mechanisms of charge storage in these fabricated systems were found to be double layer charging. The EIS analysis showed the existence of bulk resistance, wherein the semicircle diameter decreased with increasing salt concentration. The calculated maximum DC conductivity value was observed to be 2.11 × 10-4 S/cm for CS:PEO incorporated with 40 wt% of NH4SCN salt. The charged species in CS:PEO:NH4SCN electrolytes were considered to be predominantly ionic in nature. This was verified from transference number analysis (TNM), in which ion and electron transference numbers were found to be tion = 0.954 and tel = 0.045, respectively. The results obtained for both ion transference number and DC conductivity implied the possibility of fabricating electrolytes for electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) device application. The specific capacitance of the fabricated EDLC was obtained from the area under the curve of the CV plot.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance*
  20. Chung HY, Pan GT, Hong ZY, Hsu CT, Chong S, Yang TC, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Sep 04;25(18).
    PMID: 32899765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184050
    A series of heteroatom-containing porous carbons with high surface area and hierarchical porosity were successfully prepared by hydrothermal, chemical activation, and carbonization processes from soybean residues. The initial concentration of soybean residues has a significant impact on the textural and surface functional properties of the obtained biomass-derived porous carbons (BDPCs). SRAC5 sample with a BET surface area of 1945 m2 g-1 and a wide micro/mesopore size distribution, nitrogen content of 3.8 at %, and oxygen content of 15.8 at % presents the best electrochemical performance, reaching 489 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 in 6 M LiNO3 aqueous solution. A solid-state symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device delivers a specific capacitance of 123 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and a high energy density of 68.2 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 1 kW kg-1 with a wide voltage window of 2.0 V and maintains good cycling stability of 89.9% capacitance retention at 2A g-1 (over 5000 cycles). The outstanding electrochemical performances are ascribed to the synergistic effects of the high specific surface area, appropriate pore distribution, favorable heteroatom functional groups, and suitable electrolyte, which facilitates electrical double-layer and pseudocapacitive mechanisms for power and energy storage, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electric Capacitance*
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