Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 507 in total

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  1. Aditiya HB, Chong WT, Mahlia TM, Sebayang AH, Berawi MA, Nur H
    Waste Manag, 2016 Jan;47(Pt A):46-61.
    PMID: 26253329 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.031
    Rising global temperature, worsening air quality and drastic declining of fossil fuel reserve are the inevitable phenomena from the disorganized energy management. Bioethanol is believed to clear out the effects as being an energy-derivable product sourced from renewable organic sources. Second generation bioethanol interests many researches from its unique source of inedible biomass, and this paper presents the potential of several selected biomasses from Malaysia case. As one of countries with rich biodiversity, Malaysia holds enormous potential in second generation bioethanol production from its various agricultural and forestry biomasses, which are the source of lignocellulosic and starch compounds. This paper reviews potentials of biomasses and potential ethanol yield from oil palm, paddy (rice), pineapple, banana and durian, as the common agricultural waste in the country but uncommon to be served as bioethanol feedstock, by calculating the theoretical conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and starch components of the biomasses into bioethanol. Moreover, the potential of the biomasses as feedstock are discussed based on several reported works.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol*
  2. Chua HP, Aminah Abdullah
    Aktiviti pengoksidaan ekstrak etanol dan air daripada kacangma (Leonurus sibiricus) telah dikaji menggunakan tiga sistem ujian. Berdasarkan turutan aktiviti antipengoksida, ekstrak etanol kacangma kering didapati tinggi dalam sistem pengoksidaan asid linoleik (LP) 71.6%, sederhana dalam sistem penindasan superoksida xantin oksidase (XOD) 69.7% dan rendah dalam sistem penindasan radikal bebas 1,2-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) 48.8%. Sebaliknya, ekstrak air kacangma kering didapati tinggi dalam ketiga-tiga sistem iaitu masing-masing 72.7, 76.3 dan 78.2%. Pengekstrakan air didapati lebih berkesan dalam mengeluarkan bahan antipengoksida daripada kacangma kering berbanding pengekstrakan alkohol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol
  3. Lim YH, Wong EC, Chong WC, Mohammad AW, Koo CH, Lau WJ
    Chemosphere, 2024 Feb;349:140772.
    PMID: 38006919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140772
    During membrane filtration, it is inevitable that a membrane will experience physical damage, leading to a loss of its integrity and a decrease in separation efficiency. Hence, the development of a water-responsive membrane capable of healing itself autonomously after physical damage is significantly important in the field of water filtration. Herein, a water-enabled self-healing composite polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was synthesized by coating the membrane surface using a mixed solution composed of poly (vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylic acid (PVA-PAA). The self-healing efficiency of the coated PES membrane was examined based on the changes in water flux at three stages which are pre-damaged, post-damaged, and post-healing. The self-healing process was initiated by the swelling of the water-responsive PVA and PAA, followed by the formation of reversible hydrogen bonds, completing the self-healing process. The coated PES membrane with three layers of PVA-PAA coatings (at 3:1 ratio) demonstrated high water flux and remarkable self-healing efficiency of up to 98.3%. The self-healing capability was evidenced by the morphology of the membrane observed via scanning electron microscope (SEM). The findings of this investigation present a novel architecture approach for fabricating self-healing membranes using PVA-PAA, in addition to other relevant parameters as reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol
  4. Tara HS
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Mar;28(3):176-9.
    PMID: 4278365
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/blood; Ethanol/metabolism*; Ethanol/urine
  5. Farah Dzilhani Zulkefli, Mohd Ambri Mohamed, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1141-1145.
    Transistor berasaskan karbon tiub nano (CNTFET) telah dihasilkan melalui kaedah pertumbuhan langsung menggunakan alkohol pemangkin pemendapan wap kimia. Sifat struktur dan ciri elektrik peranti telah dikaji. FET ini menunjukkan operasi ambikutub dan ia selaras dengan jenis-Schottky FET. Ia telah didapati bahawa ketinggian halangan Schottky yang wujud antara sentuhan elektrod dan CNT, boleh termodulat oleh aplikasi berkesan daripada voltan pincang (VDS) dan voltan get (VGS). Aplikasi voltan pincang sahaja tidak mudah untuk merendahkan ketinggian halangan Schottky dan ketebalan halangan Shottky, tetapi ia berkait rapat dengan aplikasi voltan get. Bagi konfigurasi peranti dalam kajian ini, keberkesanan medan boleh dikaitkan dengan VGS:VDS = 10:-1. Peningkatan arus didapati disebabkan oleh pengurangan tenaga pengaktifan. Kaitan yang jelas antara kesan voltan pincang, voltan get dan tenaga pengaktifan telah diperhati dalam kajian ini.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol
  6. Thangavelu SK, Rajkumar T, Pandi DK, Ahmed AS, Ani FN
    Waste Manag, 2019 Mar 01;86:80-86.
    PMID: 30902242 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.035
    Microwave assisted acid hydrolysis (H2SO4 and HCl with >0.5 mol/L) to produce bioethanol from sago pith waste (SPW) was studied. The energy consumption for microwave hydrolysis at different energy inputs and acid concentration were calculated. The overall energy consumption for bioethanol fuel production from SPW was assessed. A maximum of 88% glucose yield and 80% ethanol yield (3.1 g ethanol per 10 g SPW) were obtained using 1.0 mol/L H2SO4. Microwave hydrolysis using 1.0 mol/L H2SO4 consumed the minimum energy of 8.1 kJ to produce 1 g glucose from SPW when energy input was fixed at 54 kJ (900 W for 1 min). In general, 1 g glucose can produce 16 kJ. The overall energy consumption for fuel grade bioethanol production from SPW was 31.77 kJ per g ethanol, which was slightly higher than the lower heating values of ethanol (26.74 kJ/g ethanol).
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol*
  7. Zhao J, Ma H, Wu W, Ali Bacar M, Wang Q, Gao M, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2023 Jan;368:128375.
    PMID: 36414142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128375
    Substrate toxicity would limit the upgrading of waste biomass to medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). In this work, two fermentation modes of electro-fermentation (EF) and traditional fermentation (TF) with different concentration of liquor fermentation waste (20%, 40%, 60%) were used for MCFAs production as well as mechanism investigation. The highest caproate (4.04 g/L) and butyrate (13.96 g/L) concentrations were obtained by EF at 40% substrate concentration. TF experiments showed that the substrate concentration above 40% severely inhibited ethanol oxidation and products formation. Compared with TF mode, the total substrates consumption and product yields under EF mode were significantly increased by 2.6%-43.5% and 54.0%-83.0%, respectively. Microbial analysis indicated that EF effectively alleviated substrate toxicity and enriched chain elongation bacteria, particularly Clostridium_sensu_stricto 12, thereby promoting ethanol oxidation and products formation. Caproiciproducens tolerated high-concentration substrates to ensure normal lactate metabolism. This study provides a new way to produce MCFAs from high concentration wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol*
  8. Nisbar ND, Jamal Khair SK, Bujang NB, Mohd Yusop AY
    Sci Rep, 2023 Jun 10;13(1):9478.
    PMID: 37301842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36283-1
    The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an unprecedented global pandemic, sparking grave public health emergencies. One of the measures to reduce COVID-19 transmissions recommended by the World Health Organization is hand hygiene, i.e., washing hands with soap and water or disinfecting them using an alcohol-based hand sanitiser (ABHS). Unfortunately, competing ABHSs with unknown quality, safety, and efficacy thrived, posing yet another risk to consumers. This study aims to develop, optimise, and validate a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based analytical method to simultaneously identify and quantify ethanol or isopropyl alcohol as the active ingredient in ABHS, with simultaneous determination of methanol as an impurity. The GC-MS was operated in Electron Ionisation mode, and Selected Ion Monitoring was chosen as the data acquisition method for quantitation. The analytical method was validated for liquid and gel ABHSs, covering the specificity, linearity and range, accuracy, and precisions, including the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation. The specificity of each target analyte was established using the optimised chromatographic separation with unique quantifier and qualifier ions. The linearity was ascertained with a coefficient of determination (r2) of > 0.9994 over the corresponding specification range. Respectively, the accuracy and precisions were satisfactory within 98.99 to 101.09% and 
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/analysis; Methanol/analysis
  9. Yong KJ, Wu TY
    Bioresour Technol, 2023 Sep;384:129238.
    PMID: 37245662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129238
    Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass wastes to produce bioproducts is essential to address the reliance on depleting fossil fuels. However, lignin is often treated as a low-value-added component in lignocellulosic wastes. Valorization of lignin into value-added products is crucial to improve the economic competitiveness of lignocellulosic biorefinery. Monomers obtained from lignin depolymerization could be upgraded into fuel-related products. However, lignins obtained from conventional methods are low in β-O-4 content and, therefore, unsuitable for monomer production. Recent literature has demonstrated that lignins extracted with alcohol-based solvents exhibit preserved structures with high β-O-4 content. This review discusses the recent advances in utilizing alcohols to extract β-O-4-rich lignin, where discussion based on different alcohol groups is considered. Emerging strategies in employing alcohols for β-O-4-rich lignin extraction, including alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent, flow-through fractionation, and microwave-assisted fractionation, are reviewed. Finally, strategies for recycling or utilizing the spent alcohol solvents are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol*
  10. Pratika RA, Wijaya K, Utami M, Mulijani S, Patah A, Alarifi S, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2023 Nov;341:139822.
    PMID: 37598950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139822
    The dehydration of ethanol into diethyl ether over a SO4/SiO2 catalyst was investigated. The SO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by the sulfation method using 1, 2, and 3 M of sulfuric acid (SS1, SS2, and SS3) via hydrothermal treatment. This study is focused on the synthesis of a SO4/SiO2 catalyst with high total acidity that can be subsequently utilized to convert ethanol into diethyl ether. The total acidity test revealed that the sulfation process increased the total acidity of SiO2. The SS2 catalyst (with 2 M sulfuric acid) displayed the highest total acidity of 7.77 mmol/g, whereas the SiO2 total acidity was only 0.11 mmol/g. Meanwhile, the SS3 catalyst (with 3 M sulfuric acid) has a lower total acidity of 7.09 mmol/g due to the distribution of sulfate groups on the surface having reached its optimum condition. The crystallinity and structure of the SS2 catalyst were not affected by the hydrothermal treatment or the sulfate process on silica. Furthermore, The SS2 catalyst characteristics in the presence of sulfate lead to a flaky surface in the morphology and non-uniform particle size. In addition, the surface area and pore volume of the SS2 catalyst decreased (482.56-172.26 m2/g) and (0.297-0.253 cc/g), respectively, because of the presence of sulfate on the silica surface. The SS2 catalyst's pore shape information explains the formation of non-uniform pore sizes and shapes. Finally, the activity and selectivity of SO4/SiO2 catalysts in the conversion of ethanol to diethyl ether yielded the highest ethanol conversion of 70.01% and diethyl ether product of 9.05% from the SS2 catalyst (the catalyst with the highest total acidity). Variations in temperature reaction conditions (175-225 °C) show an optimum reaction temperature to produce diethyl ether at 200 °C (11.36%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/chemistry
  11. Annegowda HV, Anwar LN, Mordi MN, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM
    Pharmacognosy Res, 2010 Nov;2(6):368-73.
    PMID: 21713141 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.75457
    This study was designed to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from T. catappa leaves obtained by different intervals of sonication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol
  12. Myint PK, Tan MP, Khaw KT
    Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2022 01;22(1):91-92.
    PMID: 34755445 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14308
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol
  13. Pramanik T, Ghosh A, Roychowdhury P
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):116.
    PMID: 16250297
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol*
  14. Lam MK, Lee KT
    Biotechnol Adv, 2012 May-Jun;30(3):673-90.
    PMID: 22166620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.008
    Culturing of microalgae as an alternative feedstock for biofuel production has received a lot of attention in recent years due to their fast growth rate and ability to accumulate high quantity of lipid and carbohydrate inside their cells for biodiesel and bioethanol production, respectively. In addition, this superior feedstock offers several environmental benefits, such as effective land utilization, CO(2) sequestration, self-purification if coupled with wastewater treatment and does not trigger food versus fuel feud. Despite having all these 'theoretical' advantages, review on problems and issues related to energy balance in microalgae biofuel are not clearly addressed until now. Base on the maturity of current technology, the true potential of microalgae biofuel towards energy security and its feasibility for commercialization are still questionable. Thus, this review is aimed to depict the practical problems that are facing the microalgae biofuel industry, covering upstream to downstream activities by accessing the latest research reports and critical data analysis. Apart from that, several interlink solutions to the problems will be suggested with the purpose to bring current microalgae biofuel research into a new dimension and consequently, to revolutionize the entire microalgae biofuel industry towards long-term sustainability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/metabolism*; Ethanol/chemistry
  15. Shahla S, Ngoh GC, Yusoff R
    Bioresour Technol, 2012 Jan;104:1-5.
    PMID: 22154586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.010
    In this paper, the kinetics of palm oil ethanolysis with various models have been investigated in a temperature range of 25-55 °C. The highest yield was achieved when the conversion to ethyl ester was 97.5±0.5% in the stated temperature range, using ethanol:oil molar ratio of 12:1, and 1.0 wt.% sodium ethoxide. The level of conformity of the reaction with reversible second order, irreversible second order and first order kinetic models were evaluated by means of the R(2) values of the linear curves. The ethanolysis showed the best conformity with irreversible second order kinetic model with 92-98% level of confidence. The reaction rate constants were within 0.018-0.088 dm(3)/mol min and the activation energy of the reaction was 42.36 kJ/mol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/chemical synthesis*; Ethanol/isolation & purification
  16. LLEWELLYN-JONES D
    Med J Malaya, 1958 Sep;13(1):25-31.
    PMID: 13589365
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/analogs & derivatives; Ethanol/therapeutic use*
  17. Zolkeflee NKZ, Isamail NA, Maulidiani M, Abdul Hamid NA, Ramli NS, Azlan A, et al.
    Phytochem Anal, 2021 Jan;32(1):69-83.
    PMID: 31953888 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2917
    INTRODUCTION: Muntingia calabura from the Muntingiaceae family has been documented for several medicinal uses. The combinations of drying treatment and extracting solvents for a plant species need to be determined and optimised to ensure that the extracts contain adequate amounts of the bioactive metabolites.

    OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the metabolite variations and antioxidant activity among M. calabura leaves subjected to different drying methods and extracted with different ethanol ratios using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR)-based metabolomics. Methodology The antioxidant activity of M. calabura leaves dried with three different drying methods and extracted with three different ethanol ratios was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. The metabolites variation among the extracts and correlation with antioxidant activity were analysed by 1 H-NMR-based metabolomics.

    RESULTS: Muntingia calabura leaves extracted with 50% and 100% ethanol from air-drying and freeze-drying methods had the highest total phenolic content and the lowest IC50 value for the DPPH scavenging activity. Meanwhile, oven-dried leaves extracted with 100% ethanol had the lowest IC50 value for the NO scavenging activity. A total of 43 metabolites, including sugars, organic acids, amino acids, phytosterols, phenolics and terpene glycoside were tentatively identified. A noticeable discrimination was observed in the different ethanol ratios by the principal component analysis. The partial least-squares analysis suggested that 32 compounds out of 43 compounds identified were the contributors to the bioactivities.

    CONCLUSION: The results established set the preliminary steps towards developing this plant into a high value product for phytomedicinal preparations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol*
  18. Salleh MSM, Ibrahim MF, Roslan AM, Abd-Aziz S
    Sci Rep, 2019 05 15;9(1):7443.
    PMID: 31092836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43718-1
    Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with delayed yeast extract feeding (DYEF) was conducted in a 2-L bioreactor equipped with in-situ recovery using a gas stripping in order to enhance biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study showed that 2.88 g/L of biobutanol has been produced from SSF with a similar yield of 0.23 g/g as compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). An increase of 42% of biobutanol concentration was observed when DYEF was introduced in the SSF at 39 h of fermentation operation. Biobutanol production was further enhanced up to 11% with a total improvement of 72% when in-situ recovery using a gas stripping was implemented to reduce the solvents inhibition in the bioreactor. In overall, DYEF and in-situ recovery were able to enhance biobutanol production in SSF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/metabolism*
  19. Li Y, Vogel C, Kalinichenko LS, Hübner H, Weikert D, Schaefer N, et al.
    Addict Biol, 2023 Aug;28(8):e13305.
    PMID: 37500485 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13305
    Alcohol consumption is a widespread behaviour that may eventually result in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol, however, is rarely consumed in pure form but in fruit- or corn-derived preparations, like beer. These preparations add other compounds to the consumption, which may critically modify alcohol intake and AUD risk. We investigated the effects of hordenine, a barley-derived beer compound on alcohol use-related behaviours. We found that the dopamine D2 receptor agonist hordenine (50 mg/kg) limited ongoing alcohol consumption and prophylactically diminished relapse drinking after withdrawal in mice. Although not having reinforcing effects on its own, hordenine blocked the establishment of alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). However, it independently enhanced alcohol CPP retrieval. Hordenine had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on locomotor activity. Chronic hordenine exposure enhanced monoamine tissue levels in many brain regions. Further characterization revealed monoaminergic binding sites of hordenine and found a strong binding on the serotonin and dopamine transporters, and dopamine D3 , and adrenergic α1A and α2A receptor activation but no effects on GABAA receptor or glycinergic signalling. These findings suggest that natural ingredients of beer, like hordenine, may work as an inhibitory and use-regulating factor by their modulation of monoaminergic signalling in the brain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/pharmacology
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