Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 190 in total

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  1. Two-way switch: Maximizing productivity of tilted panel in membrane bioreactor
    Eliseus A, Bilad MR, Nordin NAHM, Khan AL, Putra ZA, Wirzal MDH, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2018 Dec 15;228:529-537.
    PMID: 30273771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.029
    Membrane fouling is a major challenge in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and its effective handling is the key to improve their competitiveness. Tilting panel system offers significant improvements for fouling control but is strictly limited to one-sided panel. In this study, we assess a two-way switch tilting panel system that enables two-sided membranes and project its implications on performance and energy footprint. Results show that tilting a panel improves permeance by up to 20% to reach a plateau flux thanks to better contacts between air bubbles and the membrane surface to scour-off the foulant. A plateau permeance could be achieved at aeration rate of as low as 0.90 l min-1, a condition untenable by vertical panel even at twice of the aeration rate. Switching at short periods (<5min) can maintain the hydraulic performance as in no-switch (static system), enables application of a two-sided switching panel. A comparison of vertical panel under 1.80 l min-1 aeration rate with a switching panel at a half of the rate, switched at 1 min period shows ≈10% higher permeance of the later. Since periodic switching consumes a very low energy (0.55% of the total of 0.276 kWh m-3), with reduction of aeration by 50%, the switching tilted panel offers 41% more energy efficient than a referenced full-scale MBR (0.390 kWh m-3). Overall results are very compelling and highly attractive for significant improvements of MBR technologies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  2. Fulltext Eco-friendly surface modification approach to develop thin film nanocomposite membrane with improved desalination and antifouling properties
    Khoo YS, Lau WJ, Liang YY, Karaman M, Gürsoy M, Ismail AF
    J Adv Res, 2022 Feb;36:39-49.
    PMID: 35127163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.011
    INTRODUCTION: Nanomaterials aggregation within polyamide (PA) layer of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane is found to be a common issue and can negatively affect membrane filtration performance. Thus, post-treatment on the surface of TFN membrane is one of the strategies to address the problem.

    OBJECTIVE: In this study, an eco-friendly surface modification technique based on plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) was used to deposit hydrophilic acrylic acid (AA) onto the PA surface of TFN membrane with the aims of simultaneously minimizing the PA surface defects caused by nanomaterials incorporation and improving the membrane surface hydrophilicity for reverse osmosis (RO) application.

    METHODS: The TFN membrane was first synthesized by incorporating 0.05 wt% of functionalized titania nanotubes (TNTs) into its PA layer. It was then subjected to 15-s plasma deposition of AA monomer to establish extremely thin hydrophilic layer atop PA nanocomposite layer. PECVD is a promising surface modification method as it offers rapid and solvent-free functionalization for the membranes.

    RESULTS: The findings clearly showed that the sodium chloride rejection of the plasma-modified TFN membrane was improved with salt passage reduced from 2.43% to 1.50% without significantly altering pure water flux. The AA-modified TFN membrane also exhibited a remarkable antifouling property with higher flux recovery rate (>95%, 5-h filtration using 1000 mg/L sodium alginate solution) compared to the unmodified TFN membrane (85.8%), which is mainly attributed to its enhanced hydrophilicity and smoother surface. Furthermore, the AA-modified TFN membrane also showed higher performance stability throughout 12-h filtration period.

    CONCLUSION: The deposition of hydrophilic material on the TFN membrane surface via eco-friendly method is potential to develop a defect-free TFN membrane with enhanced fouling resistance for improved desalination process.

    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration/methods
  3. Fulltext An improved memory-based collaborative filtering method based on the TOPSIS technique
    Al-Bashiri H, Abdulgabber MA, Romli A, Kahtan H
    PLoS One, 2018;13(10):e0204434.
    PMID: 30286123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204434
    This paper describes an approach for improving the accuracy of memory-based collaborative filtering, based on the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Recommender systems are used to filter the huge amount of data available online based on user-defined preferences. Collaborative filtering (CF) is a commonly used recommendation approach that generates recommendations based on correlations among user preferences. Although several enhancements have increased the accuracy of memory-based CF through the development of improved similarity measures for finding successful neighbors, there has been less investigation into prediction score methods, in which rating/preference scores are assigned to items that have not yet been selected by a user. A TOPSIS solution for evaluating multiple alternatives based on more than one criterion is proposed as an alternative to prediction score methods for evaluating and ranking items based on the results from similar users. The recommendation accuracy of the proposed TOPSIS technique is evaluated by applying it to various common CF baseline methods, which are then used to analyze the MovieLens 100K and 1M benchmark datasets. The results show that CF based on the TOPSIS method is more accurate than baseline CF methods across a number of common evaluation metrics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  4. Fulltext Executive Summary of the KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease
    Martin P, Awan AA, Berenguer MC, Bruchfeld A, Fabrizi F, Goldberg DS, et al.
    Kidney Int, 2022 Dec;102(6):1228-1237.
    PMID: 36411019 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.012
    Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has adverse liver, kidney, and cardiovascular consequences in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those on dialysis therapy or with a kidney transplant. Since the publication of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) HCV Guideline in 2018, advances in HCV management, particularly in the field of antiviral therapy and treatment of HCV-associated glomerular diseases, coupled with increased usage of HCV-positive kidney grafts, have prompted a reexamination of the 2018 guideline. As a result, the Work Group performed a comprehensive review and revised the 2018 guidance. This Executive Summary highlights key aspects of the updated guideline recommendations for 3 chapters: Chapter 2: Treatment of HCV infection in patients with CKD; Chapter 4: Management of HCV-infected patients before and after kidney transplantation; and Chapter 5: Diagnosis and management of kidney diseases associated with HCV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glomerular Filtration Rate
  5. Modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanomembranes for dye removal from water - A review
    Suresh R, Rajendran S, Gnanasekaran L, Show PL, Chen WH, Soto-Moscoso M
    Chemosphere, 2023 May;322:138152.
    PMID: 36791812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138152
    Water contamination due to soluble synthetic dyes has serious concerns. Membrane-based wastewater treatments are emerging as a preferred choice for removing dyes from water. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based nanomembranes have gained much popularity due to their favorable features. This review explores the application of PVDF-based nanomembranes in synthetic dye removal through various treatments. Different fabrication methods to obtain high performance PVDF-based nanomembranes were discussed under surface coating and blending methods. Studies related to use of PVDF-based nanomembranes in adsorption, filtration, catalysis (oxidant activation, ozonation, Fenton process and photocatalysis) and membrane distillation have been elaborately discussed. Nanomaterials including metal compounds, metals, (synthetic/bio)polymers, metal organic frameworks, carbon materials and their composites were incorporated in PVDF membrane to enhance its performance. The advantages and limitations of incorporating nanomaterials in PVDF-based membranes have been highlighted. The influence of nanomaterials on the surface features, mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, crystallinity and catalytic ability of PVDF membrane was discussed. The conclusion of this literature review was given along with future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  6. Application of immersed MF (IMF) followed by reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for wastewater reclamation: A case study in Malaysia
    Ujang Z, Ng KS, Tg Hamzah TH, Roger P, Ismail MR, Shahabudin SM, et al.
    Water Sci Technol, 2007;56(9):103-8.
    PMID: 18025737
    A pilot scale membrane plant was constructed and monitored in Shah Alam, Malaysia for municipal wastewater reclamation for industrial application purposes. The aim of this study was to verify its suitability under the local conditions and environmental constraints for secondary wastewater reclamation. Immersed-type crossflow microfiltration (IMF) was selected as the pretreatment step before reverse osmosis filtration. Secondary wastewater after chlorine contact tank was selected as feed water. The results indicated that the membrane system is capable of producing a filtrate meeting the requirements of both WHO drinking water standards and Malaysian Effluent Standard A. With the application of an automatic backwash process, IMF performed well in hydraulic performance with low fouling rate being achieved. The investigations showed also that chemical cleaning is still needed because of some irreversible fouling by microorganisms always remains. RO treatment with IMF pretreatment process was significantly applicable for wastewater reuse purposes and promised good hydraulic performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration/instrumentation; Filtration/methods
  7. A study on the effect of operating parameters on the cross-flow microfiltration of yeasts
    Hashim MA, Sen Gupta B
    Bioseparation, 1997;7(1):17-23.
    PMID: 9615610
    The effects of pump speed, cumulative permeate volume and concentration of feed (yeast cells) on the permeate flux have been studied on a batch cross-flow microfiltration process. The experiments were conducted for two different cellulose acetate membrane modules of 0.2 micron and 0.45 micron pore size. A three factor experiment was designed for this purpose and the effect of the operating parameters on the filtration rate was studied by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is concluded from the analysis of the experimental data that pump speed has the maximum bearing upon the permeate rate within the operating range of parameters. Fouling conditions were examined in the light of colloids deposition on membranes due to surface interactions. However this paper looks into the relationship and sensitivity of the operating parameters in a cross-flow microfiltration unit rather than exploring the theoretical principles behind the observed phenomena.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration/instrumentation; Filtration/methods*
  8. Enhancement of bioseparation and dewaterability of domestic wastewater sludge by fungal treated dewatered sludge
    Fakhru'l-Razi A, Molla AH
    J Hazard Mater, 2007 Aug 17;147(1-2):350-6.
    PMID: 17321676
    A promising biological, sustainable, non-hazardous, safe and environmental friendly management and disposal technique of domestic wastewater sludge is global expectation. Fungal entrapped biosolids as a result of prior fungal treated raw wastewater sludge was recycled to evaluate its performance as inoculum for bioseparation/bioconversion of supplemented sludge in view of continuous as well as scale up wastewater sludge treatment. Encouraging results were achieved in bioseparation of suspended solids and in dewaterability/filterability of treated domestic wastewater sludge. Fungal entrapped biosolids offered 98% removal of total suspended solids (TSS) in supplemented sludge treatment at 6-day without nutrient (wheat flour, WF) supply. Consequently, 99% removal of turbidity and 87% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were achieved in supernatant of treated sludge. The lowest value (1.75 x 10(12)m/kg) of specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was observed at 6-day after treatment, which was equivalent to the 70% decrease of SRF. The all results except SRF were not influenced further in treatments accompanied with WF supplementation. The present treatments offered significant (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration/methods*
  9. Fulltext Estimating renal function in the elderly Malaysian patients attending medical outpatient clinic: a comparison between creatinine-based and cystatin-C based equations
    Jalalonmuhali M, Elagel SMA, Tan MP, Lim SK, Ng KP
    Int J Nephrol, 2018;2018:3081518.
    PMID: 29862077 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3081518
    Background: To assess the performance of different GFR estimating equations, test the diagnostic value of serum cystatin-C, and compare the applicability of cystatin-C based equation with serum creatinine based equation for estimating GFR (eGFR) in comparison with measured GFR in the elderly Malaysian patients.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study recruiting volunteered patients 65 years and older attending medical outpatient clinic. 51 chromium EDTA (51Cr-EDTA) was used as measured GFR. The predictive capabilities of Cockcroft-Gault equation corrected for body surface area (CGBSA), four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (4-MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations using serum creatinine (CKD-EPIcr) as well as serum cystatin-C (CKD-EPIcys) were calculated.

    Results: A total of 40 patients, 77.5% male, with mean measured GFR 41.2 ± 18.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 were enrolled. Mean bias was the smallest for 4-MDRD; meanwhile, CKD-EPIcr had the highest precision and accuracy with lower limit of agreement among other equations. CKD-EPIcys equation did not show any improvement in GFR estimation in comparison to CKD-EPIcr and MDRD.

    Conclusion: The CKD-EPIcr formula appears to be more accurate and correlates better with measured GFR in this cohort of elderly patients.

    Study site: medical outpatient clinic. University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Glomerular Filtration Rate*
  10. Fulltext Progress of Interfacial Polymerization Techniques for Polyamide Thin Film (Nano)Composite Membrane Fabrication: A Comprehensive Review
    Seah MQ, Lau WJ, Goh PS, Tseng HH, Wahab RA, Ismail AF
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Nov 27;12(12).
    PMID: 33261079 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122817
    In this paper, we review various novel/modified interfacial polymerization (IP) techniques for the fabrication of polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC)/thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes in both pressure-driven and osmotically driven separation processes. Although conventional IP technique is the dominant technology for the fabrication of commercial nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, it is plagued with issues of low membrane permeability, relatively thick PA layer and susceptibility to fouling, which limit the performance. Over the past decade, we have seen a significant growth in scientific publications related to the novel/modified IP techniques used in fabricating advanced PA-TFC/TFN membranes for various water applications. Novel/modified IP lab-scale studies have consistently, so far, yielded promising results compared to membranes made by conventional IP technique, in terms of better filtration efficiency (increased permeability without compensating solute rejection), improved chemical properties (crosslinking degree), reduced surface roughness and the perfect embedment of nanomaterials within selective layers. Furthermore, several new IP techniques can precisely control the thickness of the PA layer at sub-10 nm and significantly reduce the usage of chemicals. Despite the substantial improvements, these novel IP approaches have downsides that hinder their extensive implementation both at the lab-scale and in manufacturing environments. Herein, this review offers valuable insights into the development of effective IP techniques in the fabrication of TFC/TFN membrane for enhanced water separation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  11. Fulltext Recent Advances of Graphene-Derived Nanocomposites in Water-Based Drilling Fluids
    Ikram R, Mohamed Jan B, Vejpravova J, Choudhary MI, Zaman Chowdhury Z
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2020 Oct 11;10(10).
    PMID: 33050617 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102004
    Nanocomposite materials have distinctive potential for various types of captivating usage in drilling fluids as a well-designed solution for the petroleum industry. Owing to the improvement of drilling fluids, it is of great importance to fabricate unique nanocomposites and advance their functionalities for amplification in base fluids. There is a rising interest in assembling nanocomposites for the progress of rheological and filtration properties. A series of drilling fluid formulations have been reported for graphene-derived nanocomposites as additives. Over the years, the emergence of these graphene-derived nanocomposites has been employed as a paradigm to formulate water-based drilling fluids (WBDF). Herein, we provide an overview of nanocomposites evolution as engineered materials for enhanced rheological attributes in drilling operations. We also demonstrate the state-of-the-art potential graphene-derived nanocomposites for enriched rheology and other significant properties in WBDF. This review could conceivably deliver the inspiration and pathways to produce novel fabrication of nanocomposites and the production of other graphenaceous materials grafted nanocomposites for the variety of drilling fluids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  12. Accumulation of heavy metals in stormwater biofiltration systems augmented with zeolite and fly ash
    Hermawan AA, Teh KL, Talei A, Chua LHC
    J Environ Manage, 2021 Nov 01;297:113298.
    PMID: 34280854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113298
    The discharge of high levels of heavy metals into the environment is of concern due to its toxicity to aquatic life and potential human health impacts. Biofiltration systems have been used in urban environments to address nutrient contamination, but there is also evidence that such systems can be effective in reducing heavy metals concentration in stormwater. However, the accumulation pattern of heavy metals and lifespan of such systems, which are important in engineering design, have not been thoroughly explored. This study investigated the accumulation patterns of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe), which are common in urban runoff, in non-vegetated filtration columns using three different types of filter media, namely sand (S), and mixtures of sand with fly ash (sand-fly ash mix, SF), and with zeolite (sand-zeolite mix, SZ). The columns were assessed in terms of infiltration rate, the mass of heavy metals accumulation at different depths, and formation of crust layer (schmutzdecke) at the surface. The results show that most of the heavy metals accumulated at the top 5-10 cm of the filter media. However, Zn was found adsorbed to a depth of 15 cm in S and SZ columns, while Mn and Fe were present in column S throughout the entire 30 cm depth of the filter media. The presence especially of Zn, Mn, and Fe in the deeper portions of the filter media before the top 5 cm layer reached its maximum adsorption capacity, hints that transport to the deeper layers is not necessarily dependent on saturation of the upper layers for these heavy metals. SF accumulated heavy metals most at the top 5 cm of the filter media layer, and retained twice the mass of heavy metals in the crust layer, compared to S and SZ columns. SF also yielded the lowest value of infiltration rate of 31 mm/h. Considering both metals accumulation and clogging potential of the filter media, the periodic maintenance of these systems is suggested to be approximately between 1.5 and 3 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  13. Fulltext Insights from CREDENCE trial indicate an acute drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate during treatment with canagliflozin with implications for clinical practice
    Oshima M, Jardine MJ, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Cannon CP, Charytan DM, et al.
    Kidney Int, 2021 04;99(4):999-1009.
    PMID: 33316282 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.042
    Canagliflozin slows the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and induces a reversible acute drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), believed to be a hemodynamic effect. Predictors of the initial drop and its association with long-term eGFR trajectories and safety outcomes are unknown. To assess this, we performed a post-hoc analysis of 4289 participants in the CREDENCE trial with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease equally split into treatment and placebo groups who had eGFR measured at both baseline and week three. The eGFR was categorized at week three as greater than a 10% decline; between 0 and 10% decline; and no decline. Long-term eGFR trajectories and safety outcomes were estimated in each category of acute eGFR change by linear mixed effects models and Cox regression after adjustment for baseline characteristics and medications use. Significantly more participants in the canagliflozin (45%) compared to the placebo (21%) group experienced an acute drop in eGFR over 10%. An over 30% drop occurred infrequently (4% of participants with canagliflozin and 2% with placebo). The odds ratio for a drop in eGFR over 10% with canagliflozin compared to placebo was significant at 3.03 (95% confidence interval 2.65, 3.47). Following the initial drop in eGFR, multivariable adjusted long-term eGFR trajectories, as well as overall and kidney safety profiles, in those treated with canagliflozin were similar across eGFR decline categories. Thus, although acute drops in eGFR over 10% occurred in nearly half of all participants following initiation of canagliflozin, the clinical benefit of canagliflozin was observed regardless. Additionally, safety outcomes were similar among subgroups of acute eGFR drop.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glomerular Filtration Rate
  14. Acoustially-mediated microfluidic nanofiltration through graphene films
    Ang KM, Yeo LY, Hung YM, Tan MK
    Nanoscale, 2017 May 18;9(19):6497-6508.
    PMID: 28466906 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01690e
    We exploit the possibility of enhancing the molecular transport of liquids through graphene films using amplitude modulated surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to demonstrate effective and efficient nanoparticle filtration. The use of the SAW, which is an extremely efficient means for driving microfluidic transport, overcomes the need for the large mechanical pumps required to circumvent the large pressure drops encountered in conventional membranes for nanoparticle filtration. 100% filtration efficiency was obtained for micron-dimension particulates, decreasing to only 95% for the filtration of particles of tens of nanometers in dimension, which is comparable to that achieved with other methods. To circumvent clogging of the film, which is typical with all membrane filters, a backwash operation to flush the nanoparticles is incorporated simply by reversing the SAW-induced flow such that 98% recovery of the initial filtration rate is recovered. Given these efficiencies, together with the low cost and compact size of the chipscale SAW devices, we envisage the possibility of scaling out the process by operating a large number of devices in parallel to achieve typical industrial-scale throughputs with potential benefits in terms of substantially lower capital, operating and maintenance costs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  15. Fulltext Septage treatment using pilot vertical-flow engineered wetlands system
    Jong, V. S. W., Tang, F. E.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2014;22(2):613-625.
    MyJurnal
    This paper presents a two-staged, pilot-scale vertical flow engineered wetland-based septage treatment system (VFEWs), which was designed and constructed in Curtin University Sarawak Campus to determine the system efficiency in treatment of septage. The treatment system consists of storage tanks, vertical flow wetlands, and a network of influent and effluent distribution pipes. The first stage of the VFEWs treatment system consists of three vertical flow wetlands placed in parallel to provide pre-treatment to raw septage to reduce solids and organic matters mainly by physical filtration and sedimentation processes. The percolate from the first stage is then further treated in the second stage, with four vertical flow wetlands, each with variation in operational regime and substrate (filter) type. The influences of various system and application-related parameters such as substrate material, presence of plants and plant types, and septage feeding practices (solid loading rate (SLR), batch and intermittent loading, and frequency of daily feeding) on pollutant removal efficiency were studied. Results from the first stage wetlands indicate that the removal of total solids and organic matter (BOD and COD) from the raw septage is promising (> 80%) at both SLR of 100 kg TS/m2 .yr and 250 kg TS/m2 .yr, respectively. However, a higher SLR decreased the average NH3-N removal efficiency. The findings on bed clogging assessment during the study period are also presented in this paper. Validation and expansion of these results are carried out with ongoing assessments on the system performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  16. Fulltext Estimates of Glomerular filtration rate by the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equations best correlates with kinetic estimates of Glomerular filtration rates in the critically ill
    Azrina Md Ralib, Farah Nadia Mohd Hanafiah, Fatimah Dzaharudin, Muhammad Rasydan Abd Ghani, Mohd Nizamudin Ismail, Mohd Basri Mat Nor
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):51-51.
    MyJurnal
    Kinetic estimate of GFR (keGFR) is a more accurate estimate of GFR in the
    acute settings with rapidly changing kidney functions. It takes into account the changes
    of creatinine over time, creatinine production rate, and the volume of distribution,
    however needs serial measurement of creatinine. We evaluated which methods of the
    conventional eGFR measurement best correlates with keGFR. This could assist clinicians
    in using a simpler method of calculation and is useful in the absence of serial plasma
    creatinine. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Glomerular Filtration Rate
  17. Tilted membrane panel: A new module concept to maximize the impact of air bubbles for membrane fouling control in microalgae harvesting
    Eliseus A, Bilad MR, Nordin NAHM, Putra ZA, Wirzal MDH
    Bioresour Technol, 2017 Oct;241:661-668.
    PMID: 28609754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.175
    Microalgae harvesting using membrane technology is challenging because of its high fouling propensity. As an established fouling mitigation technique, efficacy of air bubbles can be improved by maximizing the impact of shear-rates in scouring foulant. In this study, it is achieved by tilting the membrane panel. We investigate the effect of tilting angle, switching period as well as aeration rate during microalgal broth filtration. Results show that higher tilting angles (up to 20°) improve permeability of up to 2.7 times of the vertical panel. In addition, operating a one-sided panel is better than a two-sided panel, in which the later involved switching mode. One-sided membrane panel only require a half of area, yet its performance is comparable with of a large-scale module. This tilted panel can lead to significant membrane cost reductions and eventually improves the competitiveness of membrane technology for microalgae harvesting application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  18. Fulltext Air filtration study to improve indoor air quality: a proposed study
    Amir Abdullah, M.D., Abdullah, A.H., Leman, A.M.
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(1):203-207.
    MyJurnal
    Indoor air quality has been a major public concern recently. Several health effects are related to this problem.
    Findings from several studies have shown MVAC system as the main contributor for IAQ problem. Good practice of
    maintenance and servicing is important to maintain MVAC system, especially the filter. Good air filtration for MVAC
    system is needed to make sure adequate air is received by the occupants. This paper illustrated a recent study of air
    filtration for MVAC system especially for several industries that used MVAC system in their premises. This paper also
    proposed an air filtration study for a better air quality. Several Acts and Regulations related to Safety and Health were
    identified to create the framework for the proposed study. Air filtration technique was used in this preliminary study
    to set up guidelines to create safe and clean indoor spaces for workers and occupants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  19. Analytical Modeling of Well Design in Riverbank Filtration Systems
    Mustafa S, Darwish M, Bahar A, Aziz ZA
    Ground Water, 2019 09;57(5):756-763.
    PMID: 30740693 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12868
    Analytical studies for well design adjacent to river banks are the most significant practical task in cases involving the efficiency of riverbank filtration systems. In times when high pollution of river water is joined with increasing water demand, it is necessary to design pumping wells near the river that provide acceptable amounts of river water with minimum contaminant concentrations. This will guarantee the quality and safety of drinking water supplies. This article develops an analytical solution based on the Green's function approach to solve an inverse problem: based on the required level of contaminant concentration and planned pumping time period, the shortest distance to the riverbank that has the maximum percentage of river water is determined. This model is developed in a confined and homogenous aquifer that is partially penetrated by the stream due to the existence of clogging layers. Initially, the analytical results obtained at different pumping times, rates and with different values of initial concentration are checked numerically using the MODFLOW software. Generally, the distance results obtained from the proposed model are acceptable. Then, the model is validated by data related to two pumping wells located at the first riverbank filtration pilot project conducted in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
  20. A high-flux P84 polyimide mixed matrix membranes incorporated with cadmium-based metal organic frameworks for enhanced simultaneous dyes removal: Response surface methodology
    Baneshi MM, Ghaedi AM, Vafaei A, Emadzadeh D, Lau WJ, Marioryad H, et al.
    Environ Res, 2020 04;183:109278.
    PMID: 32311912 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109278
    The water sources contaminated by toxic dyes would pose a serious problem for public health. In view of this, the development of a simple yet effective method for removing dyes from industrial effluent has attracted interest from researchers. In the present work, flat sheet mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with different physiochemical properties were fabricated by blending P84 polyimide with different concentrations of cadmium-based metal organic frameworks (MOF-2(Cd)). The resultant membranes were then used for simultaneous removal of eosin y (EY), sunset yellow (SY) and methylene blue (MB) under various process conditions. The findings indicated that the membranes could achieve high water permeability (117.8-171.4 L/m2.h.bar) and promising rejection for simultaneous dyes removal, recording value of 99.9%, 81.2% and 68.4% for MB, EY and SY, respectively. When 0.2 wt% MOF-2(Cd) was incorporated into the membrane matrix, the membrane separation efficiency was improved by 110.2% and 213.3% for EY and SY removal, respectively when compared with the pristine membrane. In addition, the optimization and modeling of membrane permeate flux and dye rejection was explored using response surface methodology. The actual and model results are in good agreement with R2 of at least 0.9983 for dye rejection and permeate flux. The high flux of the developed MMMs coupled with effective separation of dyes suggests a promising prospect of using P84 polyimide MMMs incorporated with MOF-2(Cd) for water purification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filtration
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