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Fulltext Compartment syndrome of the foot in a child

Sharma AK, Sharaf I, Ajay S

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56 Suppl C:70-2.
PMID: 11814254

We report a case of a 12-year-old boy with acute compartment syndrome of the foot following a road-traffic accident. Due to the rarity of the injury, there was a delay in diagnosing the injury. An emergency fasciotomy was performed 19 hours after the injury. The foot healed with a mild extension contracture of the second toe.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/pathology*; Foot Diseases/radiography*; Foot Diseases/surgery
Maduramycosis in a Chinese in West Malaysia

Kutty MK, Bau K

Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):151-3.
PMID: 4244142
Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases*
Management of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in an American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber)

Abu J, Wünschmann A, Redig PT, Feeney D

J. Avian Med. Surg., 2009 Mar;23(1):44-8.
PMID: 19530406

A 32-year-old female American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) was presented with a squamous cell carcinoma of the middle digit of the right foot. No clinical, hematologic, or radiologic evidence of metastasis was present. Salvage amputation of the digit resulted in complete cure, whereas previous electrosurgery and radiation therapy were unsuccessful. Three years later, another squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in the middle digit of the left foot. The digit was also amputated. Seven months after the second amputation, the bird did not have any recurrence or signs of metastasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/pathology; Foot Diseases/surgery; Foot Diseases/veterinary*
Cow- and herd-level factors associated with lameness in dairy farms in Peninsular Malaysia

Sadiq MB, Ramanoon SZ, Shaik Mossadeq WM, Mansor R, Syed-Hussain SS

Prev Vet Med, 2020 Nov;184:105163.
PMID: 33038612 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105163

Lameness is a major welfare issue in dairy cows. This study was aimed at investigating the cow- and herd -level factors associated with lameness in dairy farms from four states in Peninsular Malaysia. The study population was 1001 lactating cows from 28 dairy farms located in Selangor (n = 9), Perak (n = 8), Negeri Sembilan (n = 6) and Johor (n = 5). Lameness was assessed by locomotion scoring. Individual cow characteristics such as breeds, parity, body condition score (BCS), hock condition, leg hygiene, presence of claw lesion and claw overgrowth were recorded. Data on herd characteristics, management practices and housing design were collected by on-farm inspection and farmers' interview. Mixed-eﬀ ;ects logistic regressions were used to model the data and to assess the factors associated with lameness. Cow-level lameness prevalence was 34.2 % (95 % CI 22.2-50.0 %), with all the farms having at least one case of lameness. Claw lesions were recorded in 470 cows (46.9 %; CI 33.3-63.3 %) of which 296 (62.9 %) of them were lame. Of these, 78.9 % of the lesions were present on the rear feet and 25.5% of the cows had more than one foot affected. The proportion of cows having non-infectious and infectious claw lesions were 81.9 % and 18.1 %, and the predominant claw lesions were sole ulcers (24.9 %), white line disease (19.6 %), sole haemorrhage (10.2%), swelling of coronet (9.6 %), toe ulcers (8.4 %), and digital dermatitis (5.6%). Cows at third or more parities had higher odds of lameness (OR = 2.2; 95 % CI 1.2-4.1) compared to primiparous cows. Low BCS (< 2.5) increased the odds of lameness (OR = 4.8; 95 % CI 2.9-7.9) relative to cows with moderate BCS, and cows with hair loss around the hock (OR = 1.4; 95 % CI 1.1-1.9) relative to those with normal hock condition. Greater odds of being lame was observed in cows having claw lesion (OR = 15.2; 95 % CI 10.4-19.2) and those with overgrown claw (OR = 3.3; 95 % CI 2.4-4.5). There was increased odds of lameness in farms with high stocking density (OR = 1.8; 95 % CI 1.1-3.1), concrete floored walkways (OR = 1.9; 95 % CI 1.0-3.6), dirty floors (OR = 2.3; 95 % CI 1.9-3.7), and practicing preventive claw trimming (OR = 2.3; 95 % CI 1.9-4.6). Based on the high lameness prevalence, these findings could assist dairy farmers to make informed decisions on areas to implement on-farm changes to reduce lameness in the studied herds.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/etiology; Foot Diseases/epidemiology; Foot Diseases/veterinary*
Fulltext Medication errors: a review of classifications

Palasuberniam, Praneetha, Chin, Suliong, Thangiah, Viknesvaran, D’Souza, Urban John Arnold

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(3):11-18.
MyJurnal

Medication errors (MEs) are preventable mistakes that occur when there is a failure in the treatment process of any disease that can cause potential harm to patients. Having an effect on patients, health outcomes and costs incurred, it does burden our economically-developing country. Database systems have been created worldwide for the reporting of MEs, but varying countries practise different classifications of MEs hence it poses a challenge to categorize them. This makes it next to impossible to fully curb this continual problem. There are a number of classifications of MEs, based on mistakes and errors based on skills, based on the mistakes itself, based on symptoms and based on the stages of drug delivery system. This review summarizes the pre-existing classifications of MEs.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases
Fulltext Clinical Factors affecting Minor Amputation in Diabetic Foot Disease at Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Kuantan

Zakaria Z, Afifi M, Sharifudin MA

Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Mar-Apr;22(2):41-7.
PMID: 26023294 MyJurnal

Diabetic foot disease poses a substantial problem in Malaysian diabetic population. We evaluate the clinical factors affecting minor amputation in diabetic foot disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases
Area of hock hair loss in dairy cows: risk factors and correlation with a categorical scale

Lim PY, Huxley JN, Green MJ, Othman AR, Potterton SL, Brignell CJ, et al.

Vet J, 2015 Feb;203(2):205-10.
PMID: 25577022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.005

Data from 3691 dairy cows from 76 farms were used to investigate the risk factors associated with the area of hair loss over the lateral aspect of the hock and the correlation between the area of hair loss (as calculated using a hock map) and hock lesion scores determined using a pre-existing categorical scale. Six factors were associated with a greater area of hair loss, including cows with locomotion score 3, a cleanliness score (10/28 to 18/28), high daily milk yield (25.1-58.1 kg), poor body condition score (1-1.5), duration of winter housing (≥41 days) and some combinations of cubicle base and bedding materials. Compared with cows housed in cubicles with a concrete base and whole straw or rape straw bedding, cows housed in cubicles with concrete bases with sand or chopped straw bedding had smaller areas of hair loss and cows housed on a mattress base with whole straw or rape straw bedding had larger areas of hair loss. Area of hair loss, as measured on hock maps, was not significantly different between cows with score 1 (median 23.6 cm(2)) and score 2 (median 20.3 cm(2)) on the categorical scale for hock lesions. This suggests that the categorical scale was not reflecting the extent of hair loss and that hock maps are a good alternative for studying the dynamics of hock lesions over time.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/etiology; Foot Diseases/epidemiology; Foot Diseases/pathology; Foot Diseases/veterinary*
A case of madura foot successfully treated with large doses of intravenous crystalline penicillin

Geh GS

Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):147-50.
PMID: 4244141
Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/drug therapy*
Fulltext Malignant melanoma of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus--a trap for the unwary

Hussin P, Loke SC, Noor FM, Mawardi M, Singh VA

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):422-3.
PMID: 23082455

Melanomas on the foot are difficult to differentiate from diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). In particular, acral lentiginous and amelanotic melanomas have a high chance of being misdiagnosed. We present two patients with diabetes mellitus and malignant melanomas of the foot initially diagnosed as DFU. Both cases were treated with wide excision amputation and local dissection, without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Both patients remain disease-free up to the last follow-up visit. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion and a skin biopsy should be done in any DFU with atypical features.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/complications; Foot Diseases/diagnosis*; Foot Diseases/surgery
Feet in Malaya

Monro JK

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:1-8.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases
Fulltext Prevalence of lameness, claw lesions, and associated risk factors in dairy farms in Selangor, Malaysia

Sadiq MB, Ramanoon SZ, Mansor R, Syed-Hussain SS, Shaik Mossadeq WM

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2017 Dec;49(8):1741-1748.
PMID: 28856534 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1387-4

The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence of lameness, claw lesions, and associated risk factors in dairy farms in Selangor, Malaysia. The sample population was 251 lactating cows from 8 farms assessed for lameness and claw lesions by locomotion scoring and claw assessment respectively while specific animal-based measures were hypothesized as cow-level risk factors. The Wilcoxon rank test and logistic regression were applied to assess the prevalence of lameness, claw lesions, and association with potential risk factors, respectively. The prevalence of lameness was 19.1% ranging from 10.0 to 33.3% while 31.1% of cows had claw lesions and ranged from 16.3-40%. Claw lesions were recorded in 87.5% of the lame cows with highest being those affected with sole lesions (54.2%) and white line disease (61.2%). Overall, the occurrence of overgrown claws, sole lesions, white line disease, and digital dermatitis were 37, 18.2, 10.9, and 8.3%, respectively. More than one claw lesion per cow was present in 71.8% of the affected cows. Lameness was associated with early lactation (OR = 3.3; 95% CI 2-7), injured hocks (OR = 4.8; 95% CI 5-17), and dirty legs hygiene (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.3-6.2), whereas presence of claw lesions was associated with dirty legs hygiene (OR = 4.7; 95% CI 4-11) and overgrown claw (OR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.3). To reduce the prevalence of lameness, farmers need to improve the management of cows with overgrown claw, injured hocks, and cleanliness by establishing routine claw trimming and efficient stall design.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/etiology; Foot Diseases/epidemiology; Foot Diseases/veterinary*
Fulltext Compartment syndrome of the calf and foot following a displaced Salter-Harris type II fracture of the distal tibia: a review of the literature and a case report

Yeap JS, Fazir M, Ezlan S, Kareem BA, Harwant S

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56 Suppl C:66-9.
PMID: 11814253

A 14 year-old boy with an epiphyseal fracture of the distal right tibia and fibula developed compartment syndrome of the calf and foot. The diagnosis of compartment syndrome was delayed and a fasciotomy resulted in uncontrolled infection, which ultimately resulted in an above knee amputation. Constant vigilance is necessary in uncooperative or non-complaining patients to detect the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome, even where the injury is not often associated with this complication. The difficulties in management, following a fasciotomy for delayed diagnosis of compartment syndrome, are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/microbiology; Foot Diseases/surgery*
Medial plantar artery (instep flap) flap

Mourougayan V

Ann Plast Surg, 2006 Feb;56(2):160-3.
PMID: 16432324

Provision of sensation to the weightbearing surface of the heel is very vital in the sensate foot. Hence, resurfacing the weightbearing surface of the heel requires provision of stable skin cover and sensation. We have many options to fulfill the above requirements. Skin of the instep area can be raised as an island fasciocutaneous flap based on medial plantar vessels, with the branch of medial plantar nerve supplying the instep skin to provide the sensation. Medial plantar artery (instep) flap provides similar tissue with sensation and reaches the posteriormost part of the weightbearing surface of the heel with ease. We present in this article the relevant surgical anatomy, technique, and the clinical experience of 12 patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/surgery
Fulltext Paraneoplastic Secretion of Multiple Phosphatonins From a Deep Fibrous Histiocytoma Causing Oncogenic Osteomalacia

Leow MKS, Dogra S, Ge X, Chuah KL, Liew H, Loke KSH, et al.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2021 04 23;106(5):e2299-e2308.
PMID: 33462615 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa964

CONTEXT: Literature suggests that oncogenic osteomalacia is usually caused by a benign mesenchymal tumor secreting fibroblast growth factor subtype-23 (FGF-23), but the involvement of other phosphatonins has only been scarcely reported. We have previously published a seemingly typical case of oncogenic osteomalacia. Following curative neoplasm resection, we now report unique molecular characteristics and biology of this tumor.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 25-year-old man had been diagnosed with severe oncogenic osteomalacia that gradually crippled him over 6 years. 68Ga-DOTA-TATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan localized the culprit tumor to his left sole, which on resection revealed a deep fibrous histiocytoma displaying a proliferation of spindle cells with storiform pattern associated with multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Circulating FGF-23, which was elevated more than 2-fold, declined to undetectable levels 24 h after surgery. Microarray analysis revealed increased tumor gene expression of the phosphatonins FGF-23, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and secreted frizzled-related protein subtype 4, with elevated levels of all 3 proteins confirmed through immunoblot analysis. Differential expression of genes involved in bone formation and bone mineralization were further identified. The patient made an astonishing recovery from being wheelchair bound to fully self-ambulant 2 months postoperatively.
CONCLUSION: This report describes oncogenic osteomalacia due to a deep fibrous histiocytoma, which coincidentally has been found to induce profound muscle weakness via the overexpression of 3 phosphatonins, which resolved fully upon radical resection of the tumor. Additionally, genes involved in bone formation and bone remodeling contribute to the molecular signature of oncogenic osteomalacia.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/diagnosis; Foot Diseases/etiology; Foot Diseases/genetics; Foot Diseases/metabolism
Fulltext Foot problem and Foot care practices among diabetic patients in a primary care clinic, Kuala Lumpur

Nurjasmine Aida Jamani, Noor Azimah Muhammad, Aida Jaffar, Saharuddin Ahmad, Noorlaili Tohit

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(3):435-444.
MyJurnal

Foot problems are very common in diabetic patients but may go unnoticed by the patients and
undiagnosed by the healthcare providers leading to substantial morbidity and amputations. The aims of this study were to assess patient’s foot care practices, awareness on their foot condition as well as to determine the prevalence of diabetic foot problem and its associated factors. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among diabetic patients in a primary care clinic in Kuala Lumpur. Patients with diabetes, aged more than 18 years were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Patients were requested to answer a set of self-administered pre-tested questionnaire that obtain information on their socio-demographic profiles, diabetic clinical data, awareness on their feet condition and foot care practice. A trained clinician examined patients’ feet using a standard foot examination protocol. Results: A total of 166 patients with diabetes participated in this study. Nearly half of the patients (70, 42.2%) had diabetic foot problem but only 31 (18.7%) of them were aware of their foot condition. The three common problem were trophic changes of the skin (92.8%), followed with hair loss (71.1%) and callosity (65.7%). The independent associated factors for foot problem were increasing age (AOR=1.05, 95% CI 1.015-1.095; p

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases
Fulltext Economic impact of managing acute diabetic foot infection in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

Lam AWC, Zaim MR, Helmy HH, Ramdhan IMA

Malays Orthop J, 2014;8(1):46-49.
MyJurnal

Diabetic foot disease is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations of the lower limb, hence a major health care and socioeconomic burden. It has been found that most of the costs occur in the inpatient setting; therefore this study is to quantify the costs of managing inpatient diabetic foot infections (DFI). We treated 182 inpatients from May 2012 till April 2013 and analysed the cost of antibiotic usage, wound dressing, surgical procedure, admission and basic investigation costs. The total cost was ~ USD 11,000 (2013). This number, however, only reflects the cost for managing an acute infection. The price for follow-up care as an outpatient, rehabilitation and indirect costs (emotional suffering, reduced productivity) is estimated to be much more.
Study site: Diabetic Inpatient Registry, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases
Fulltext Diabetic foot care practice and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in Kuantan, Malaysia: a cross sectional study

NH Azmi, Azwanis Abdul Hadi, Mohd Aznan Md Aris, E Nasreen, Hashima

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(2):13-19.
MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus is foot
problem such as ulcers, infections and amputations. However, these complications are preventable by simple
intervention such as regular foot care practice. This study aims to assess the foot care practice and its
associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in Kuantan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at four primary health clinics in
Kuantan involving 450 study participants who were selected by using universal sampling method. Level of
awareness and practice toward diabetic foot care was assessed using validated self-administered
questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with poor foot care
practice among the respondents. RESULTS: About 59.6% of respondents had poor foot care practice and
50.9% had poor awareness level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that, increasing age
(OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.955-0.993) and good awareness towards foot problem (OR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.289-0.643)
were less likely to have poor foot care practice. However, Malay ethnicity (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.002-3.271) and
obesity (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.225-2.976) were associated with poor foot care practice after controlling other
variables. CONCLUSION: Majority of the respondents had poor foot care practice and poor awareness.
Respondents who are older and have better awareness are less likely to have poor foot care practice.
Diabetic patients who are Malays and/or obese are predicted to have poor diabetic foot practice and hence
must be prioritized for a sustainable patient education and compliance towards foot care practice at primary
care level.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases
Fulltext Melioidosis in Colombia, description of a clinical case and epidemiological considerations

Rodríguez JY, Álvarez-Moreno CA, Cortés JA, Rodríguez GJ, Esquea K, Pinzón H, et al.

Biomedica, 2019 05 01;39:10-18.
PMID: 31529845 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i3.4534

Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei whose clinical diagnosis can be difficult due not only to its varied clinical presentation but also to the difficulties in the microbiological diagnosis.Thus, it may be necessary to use molecular techniques for its proper identification once it is suspected.
There are few antibiotics available for the treatment of this disease, which must be used over a long period of time. Although it is known to be endemic in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and Australia, in Colombia there are few reported cases.
We describe a case of melioidosis in the northern region of Colombia. Additionally, we review its clinical characteristics and treatment and we describe the local epidemiology of this disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Diseases/surgery

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