Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 51 in total

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  1. Suleman AA, Abd Ghani F, Fadhlina NZ, Rafidah H
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Jan;79(1):95-101.
    PMID: 38287764
    INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) results from abnormal accumulation of immune complexes containing galactose deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the kidneys. About 40% of patients develop end-stage kidney disease within 20 years of renal biopsy. At present, the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients (using the international IgAN risk prediction tool) rely on renal biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Also, treatment decisions are still dependent on proteinuria, which is not specific for IgA nephropathy. We discussed the role of serum and urine Gd- IgA1 in the diagnosis of IgAN, its association with disease progression and changes with treatment in patients with IgA nephropathy.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases was done to identify the articles that are relevant to the topic including systematic reviews and original articles.

    RESULTS: Several studies showed that both serum and urine Gd-IgA1 differentiate IgA nephropathy patients from healthy people and other glomerulonephropathies. Thus, it is useful as a less invasive diagnostic biomarker, although detection methods varied between studies with different sensitivities. There are various reports of its use as a prognostic parameter. Evidence is emerging for its use as a monitoring parameter for treatment.

    CONCLUSION: Galactose deficient IgA1 is a promising biomarker in the management of IgA nephropathy, although a more robust and standardised means of estimation is required.

    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  2. Anwar A, Khan NA, Siddiqui R
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2019 07;13(7):e0007385.
    PMID: 31348789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007385
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/antagonists & inhibitors*; Galactose/metabolism
  3. Azman KF, Zakaria R
    Biogerontology, 2019 12;20(6):763-782.
    PMID: 31538262 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09837-y
    To facilitate the process of aging healthily and prevent age-related health problems, efforts to properly understand aging mechanisms and develop effective and affordable anti-aging interventions are deemed necessary. Systemic administration of D-galactose has been established to artificially induce senescence in vitro and in vivo as well as for anti-aging therapeutic interventions studies. The aim of this article is to comprehensively discuss the use of D-galactose to generate a model of accelerated aging and its possible underlying mechanisms involved in different tissues/organs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/pharmacology*
  4. Wong, W.W., Abbas, F.M.A., Liong, M.T., Azhar, M.E.
    MyJurnal
    Pectin and modified pectin differ in the structure of the chains in which the modified version of pectin is shorter in length, non-branched, and galactose-rich. These differences in structure may be exploited for the removal of heavy metals. Durian (Durio zibethinus) rind, that is regarded as agri-food waste was processed into durian rind pectin (DRP) and modified durian rind pectin (mDRP). DRP and mDRP were evaluated as biosorbent for removal of toxic heavy metals (Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II)) and were compared with two commercial products; citrus pectin (CP) and modified citrus pectin (MCP). In general, the order of removal of heavy metals by all biosorbents was Cu(II) > Pb(II) > Ni(II) > Zn > Cd(II). Except for the removal of Pb(II), the order of effectiveness of heavy metal removal of the biosorbents was MCP > mDRP > CP > DRP. MCP, a commercial biosorbent showed the best biosorbent ability, and mDRP a waste product from durian was also a favorable sorber that should be considered for sorption and removal of heavy metals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  5. Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Dehhaghi M, Amiri H, Guillemin GJ, Gupta VK, Rajaei A, et al.
    Biotechnol Adv, 2023 Sep;66:108172.
    PMID: 37169103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108172
    Chitin, as the main component of the exoskeleton of Arthropoda, is a highly available natural polymer that can be processed into various value-added products. Its most important derivative, i.e., chitosan, comprising β-1,4-linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose (deacetylated d-glucosamine) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine units, can be prepared via alkaline deacetylation process. Chitosan has been used as a biodegradable, biocompatible, non-antigenic, and nontoxic polymer in some in-vitro applications, but the recently found potentials of chitosan for in-vivo applications based on its biological activities, especially antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, have upgraded the chitosan roles in biomaterials. Chitosan approval, generally recognized as a safe compound by the United States Food and Drug Administration, has attracted much attention toward its possible applications in diverse fields, especially biomedicine and agriculture. Despite some favorable characteristics, the chitosan's structure should be customized for advanced applications, especially due to its drawbacks, such as low drug-load capacity, low solubility, high viscosity, lack of elastic properties, and pH sensitivity. In this context, derivatization with relatively inexpensive and highly available mono- and di-saccharides to soluble branched chitosan has been considered a "game changer". This review critically scrutinizes the emerging technologies based on the synthesis and application of lactose- and galactose-modified chitosan as two important chitosan derivatives. Some characteristics of chitosan derivatives and biological activities have been detailed first to understand the value of these natural polymers. Second, the saccharide modification of chitosan has been discussed briefly. Finally, the applications of lactose- and galactose-modified chitosan have been scrutinized and compared to native chitosan to provide an insight into the current state-of-the research for stimulating new ideas with the potential of filling research gaps.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  6. Siow RS, Teo SS, Ho WY, Shukor MY, Phang SM, Ho CL
    J Phycol, 2012 Feb;48(1):155-62.
    PMID: 27009660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01105.x
    Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) catalyzes the reversible conversion of glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose to galactose-1-phosphate and UDP-glucose. This enzyme is also responsible for one of the biochemical steps that produce the precursors of agar and agarose. In this study, we report the molecular cloning and sequence analyses of a cDNA encoding GALT, from Gracilaria changii (B. M. Xia et I. A. Abbott) I. A. Abbott, J. Zhang et B. M. Xia, which constitutes a genus of seaweeds that supply more than 60% of the world's agar and agarose. We have subcloned this cDNA into a bacterial expression cloning vector and characterized the enzyme activities of its recombinant proteins in vitro. The GcGALT gene was shown to be up-regulated by salinity stresses. The abundance of transcripts encoding GcGALT was the highest in G. changii, followed by Gracilaria edulis and Gracilaria salicornia in a descending order, corresponding to their respective agar contents. Our findings indicated that GALT could be one of the components that determines the agar yield in Gracilaria species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose; Galactosephosphates; Uridine Diphosphate Galactose
  7. Lee WS, Tay CG, Nazrul N, Paed M, Chai PF
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):83-5.
    PMID: 19852331 MyJurnal
    A five-month-old Indian girl, product of consanguineous marriage, presented with diarrhoea with an onset within two days after birth, severe malnutrition and metabolic acidosis. The diarrhoea persisted even with lactose-free formula, amino acid-based formula and glucose-containing oral rehydration solution, but stopped when fasted. She required prolonged parenteral nutrition. Fructose and glucose tolerance tests were performed, confirming the child was able to absorb and metabolize fructose but not glucose, indicating a diagnosis of glucose-galactose malabsorption. This case illustrate how simple and pertinent clinical observations and laboratory investigations is sufficient to allow a firm diagnosis to be made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/metabolism*
  8. Tong KTX, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Hadibarata T, Lam MK, Wong MK
    Bioresour Technol, 2024 Aug;406:131082.
    PMID: 38972432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131082
    Biobased L-lactic acid (L-LA) appeals to industries; however, existing technologies are plagued by limited productivity and high energy consumption. This study established an integrated process for producing macroalgae-based L-LA from Eucheuma denticulatum phycocolloid (EDP). Dilute acid-assisted microbubbles-mediated ozonolysis (DAMMO) was selected for the ozonolysis of EDP to optimize D-galactose recovery. Through single-factor optimization of DAMMO treatment, a maximum D-galactose recovery efficiency (59.10 %) was achieved using 0.15 M H2SO4 at 80 °C for 75 min. Fermentation with 3 % (w/v) mixed microbial cells (Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 and Lactobacillus acidophilus-14) and fermented residues achieved a 97.67 % L-LA yield. Additionally, this culture approach was further evaluated in repeated-batch fermentation and showed an average L-LA yield of 93.30 %, providing a feasible concept for macroalgae-based L-LA production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/metabolism
  9. Hashim OH, Shuib AS, Chua CT
    Immunol Invest, 2001 Feb;30(1):21-31.
    PMID: 11419909
    A study on the binding interaction of lectins from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jacalin), Glycine max and Sambucus nigra with standardised quantity of IgA from the IgA nephropathy patients and normal controls was performed. The Glycine max lectin demonstrated higher affinity towards the serum IgA of IgAN patients as compared to normal controls. However, the affinity binding was lower in cases ofjacalin and the Sambucus nigra lectin. When serum samples were treated with neuraminidase, the differential jacalin affinity binding between IgA1 of patients and normal controls was abrogated. Our data are in support of the view that the O-linked oligosaccharide moieties of the patients IgA1 were generally lacking in galactose and sialic acid residues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/immunology; Galactose/chemistry
  10. Ting SY, Ishola OA, Ahmed MA, Tabana YM, Dahham S, Agha MT, et al.
    J Mycol Med, 2017 Mar;27(1):98-108.
    PMID: 28041812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.12.002
    The virulence of Candida albicans is dependent upon fitness attributes as well as virulence factors. These attributes include robust stress responses and metabolic flexibility. The assimilation of carbon sources is important for growth and essential for the establishment of infections by C. albicans. Previous studies showed that the C. albicans ICL1 genes, which encode the glyoxylate cycle enzymes isocitratelyase are required for growth on non-fermentable carbon sources such as lactate and oleic acid and were repressed by 2% glucose. In contrast to S. cerevsiae, the enzyme CaIcl1 was not destabilised by glucose, resulting with its metabolite remaining at high levels. Further glucose addition has caused CaIcl1 to lose its signal and mechanisms that trigger destabilization in response to glucose. Another purpose of this study was to test the stability of the Icl1 enzyme in response to the dietary sugars, fructose, and galactose. In the present study, the ICL1 mRNAs expression was quantified using Quantitative Real Time PCR, whereby the stability of protein was measured and quantified using Western blot and phosphoimager, and the replacing and cloning of ICL1 ORF by gene recombination and ubiquitin binding was conducted via co-immuno-precipitation. Following an analogous experimental approach, the analysis was repeated using S. cerevisiaeas a control. Both galactose and fructose were found to trigger the degradation of the ICL1 transcript in C. albicans. The Icl1 enzyme was stable following galactose addition but was degraded in response to fructose. C. albicans Icl1 (CaIcl1) was also subjected to fructose-accelerated degradation when expressed in S. cerevisiae, indicating that, although it lacks a ubiquitination site, CaIcl1 is sensitive to fructose-accelerated protein degradation. The addition of an ubiquitination site to CaIcl1 resulted in this enzyme becoming sensitive to galactose-accelerated degradation and increases its rate of degradation in the presence of fructose. It can be concluded that ubiquitin-independent pathways of fructose-accelerated enzyme degradation exist in C. albicans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/metabolism; Galactose/pharmacology
  11. Hessami MJ, Cheng SF, Ambati RR, Yin YH, Phang SM
    3 Biotech, 2019 Jan;9(1):25.
    PMID: 30622863 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1549-8
    In this study, Gelidium elegans is investigated for ethanol production. A combination of factors including different temperatures, acid concentration and incubation time was evaluated to determine the suitable saccharification conditions. The combination of 2.5% (w/v) H2SO4 at 120 °C for 40 min was selected for hydrolysis of the seaweed biomass, followed by purification, and fermentation to yield ethanol. The galactose and glucose were dominant reducing sugars in the G. elegans hydrolysate and under optimum condition of dilute acid hydrolysis, 39.42% of reducing sugars was produced and fermentation resulted in ethanol concentration of 13.27 ± 0.47 g/L. A modified method was evaluated for sample preparation for gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the ethanol content. A solvent mixture of acetonitrile and iso-butanol precipitated dissolved organic residues and reduced water content in GC samples at least by 90%. Results showed that this method could be successfully used for bioethanol production from seaweed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  12. Jamilah, B., Shu, C. E., Kharidah, M., Dzulkifly, M. A., Noranizan, A.
    MyJurnal
    Pitaya peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus), which consists approximately 22% of the whole fruit weight, is discarded during processing. Physico-chemical properties of the discarded pitaya peel were determined in
    order to evaluate its potential for recovery of any value-added materials. The moisture content of the peel was approximately 92.7% and it was low in total soluble solids, protein, ash and fat content. Betacyanin pigment (150.46 ± 2.19 mg/100 g) and pectin (10.8%) were high in the peel. Glucose, maltose and fructose were detected in the peel but not sucrose and galactose. The peel also had very high insoluble and soluble dietary fibre which had exhibited a good ratio of insoluble dietary fibre to soluble dietary fibre (3.8: 1.0).
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  13. Manogaran M, Ahmad SA, Yasid NA, Yakasai HM, Shukor MY
    3 Biotech, 2018 Feb;8(2):117.
    PMID: 29430378 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1141-2
    In this novel study, we report on the use of two molybdenum-reducing bacteria with the ability to utilise the herbicide glyphosate as the phosphorus source. The bacteria reduced sodium molybdate to molybdenum blue (Mo-blue), a colloidal and insoluble product, which is less toxic. The characterisation of the molybdenum-reducing bacteria was carried out using resting cells immersed in low-phosphate molybdenum media. Two glyphosate-degrading bacteria, namelyBurkholderia vietnamiensisAQ5-12 andBurkholderiasp. AQ5-13, were able to use glyphosate as a phosphorous source to support molybdenum reduction to Mo-blue. The bacteria optimally reduced molybdenum between the pHs of 6.25 and 8. The optimum concentrations of molybdate for strainBurkholderia vietnamiensis strainAQ5-12 was observed to be between 40 and 60 mM, while forBurkholderiasp. AQ5-13, the optimum molybdate concentration occurred between 40 and 50 mM. Furthermore, 5 mM of phosphate was seen as the optimum concentration supporting molybdenum reduction for both bacteria. The optimum temperature aiding Mo-blue formation ranged from 30 to 40 °C forBurkholderia vietnamiensis strainAQ5-12, whereas forBurkholderiasp. AQ5-13, the range was from 35 to 40 °C. Glucose was the best electron donor for supporting molybdate reduction, followed by sucrose, fructose and galactose for both strains. Ammonium sulphate was the best nitrogen source in supporting molybdenum reduction. Interestingly, increasing the glyphosate concentrations beyond 100 and 300 ppm forBurkholderia vietnamiensis strainAQ5-12 andBurkholderiasp. AQ5-13, respectively, significantly inhibited molybdenum reduction. The ability of these bacteria to reduce molybdenum while degrading glyphosate is a useful process for the bioremediation of both toxicants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  14. Ahmadi S, Manickam Achari V, Nguan H, Hashim R
    J Mol Model, 2014 Mar;20(3):2165.
    PMID: 24623320 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2165-0
    Fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulation studies of thermotropic bilayers were performed using a set of glycosides namely n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-C8Glc), n-octyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (α-C8Glc), n-octyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (β-C8Gal), and n-octyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (α-C8Gal) to investigate the stereochemical relationship of the epimeric/anomeric quartet liner glycolipids with the same octyl chain group. The results showed that, the anomeric stereochemistry or the axial/equatorial orientation of C1-O1 (α/β) is an important factor controlling the area and d-spacing of glycolipid bilayer systems in the thermotropic phase. The head group tilt angle and the chain ordering properties are affected by the anomeric effect. In addition, the L(C) phase of β-C8Gal, is tilting less compared to those in the fluid L(α). The stereochemistry of the C4-epimeric (axial/equatorial) and anomeric (α/β) centers simultaneously influence the inter-molecular hydrogen bond. Thus, the trend in the values of the hydrogen bond for these glycosides is β-C8Gal > α-C8Glc > β-C8Glc > α-C8Gal. The four bilayer systems showed anomalous diffusion behavior with an observed trend for the diffusion coefficients; and this trend is β-C8Gal > β-C8Glc > α-C8Gal > α-C8Glc. The "bent" configuration of the α-anomer results in an increase of the hydrophobic area, chain vibration and chain disorganization. Since thermal energy is dispensed more entropically for the chain region, the overall molecular diffusion decreases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/chemistry
  15. Gabrielsen M, Abdul-Rahman PS, Othman S, Hashim OH, Cogdell RJ
    Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun, 2014 Jun;70(Pt 6):709-16.
    PMID: 24915077 DOI: 10.1107/S2053230X14008966
    Galactose-binding and mannose-binding lectins from the champedak fruit, which is native to South-east Asia, exhibit useful potential clinical applications. The specificity of the two lectins for their respective ligands allows the detection of potential cancer biomarkers and monitoring of the glycosylated state of proteins in human serum and/or urine. To fully understand and expand the use of these natural proteins, their complete sequences and crystal structures are presented here, together with details of sugar binding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/chemistry*
  16. Bharti K, Majeed AB, Prakash A
    Biometals, 2016 Jun;29(3):399-409.
    PMID: 26923568 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9922-8
    Metal ionophores are considered as potential anti-dementia agents, and some are currently undergoing clinical trials. Many metals are known to accumulate and distribute abnormally in the aging brain. Alterations in zinc metal homeostasis in the glutaminergic synapse could contribute to ageing and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of metal ionophores on long term administration of zinc in D-galactose induced senescent mice. The ageing model was established by combined administration of zinc and D-galactose to mice for 6 weeks. A novel metal ionophore, PBT-2 was given daily to zinc-induced d-galactose senescent mice. The cognitive behaviour of mice was monitored using the Morris Water Maze. The anti-oxidant status and amyloidogenic activity in the ageing mouse was measured by determining mito-oxidative parameters and deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain. Systemic administration of both zinc and D-galactose significantly produced memory deficits, mito-oxidative damage, heightened acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity and deposition of amyloid-β. Treatment with PBT-2 significantly improved behavioural deficits, biochemical profiles, cellular damage, and curbed the deposition of APP in zinc-induced senescent mice. These findings suggest that PBT-2, acting as a metal protein attenuating compound, may be helpful in the prevention of AD or alleviation of ageing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose/administration & dosage; Galactose/pharmacology*
  17. Dailin DJ, Elsayed EA, Othman NZ, Malek R, Phin HS, Aziz R, et al.
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2016 Jul;23(4):495-502.
    PMID: 27298582 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.06.003
    Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens is non-pathogenic gram positive bacteria isolated from kefir grains and able to produce extracellular exopolysaccharides named kefiran. This polysaccharide contains approximately equal amounts of glucose and galactose. Kefiran has wide applications in pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, an approach has been extensively studied to increase kefiran production for pharmaceutical application in industrial scale. The present work aims to maximize kefiran production through the optimization of medium composition and production in semi industrial scale bioreactor. The composition of the optimal medium for kefiran production contained sucrose, yeast extract and K2HPO4 at 20.0, 6.0, 0.25 g L(-1), respectively. The optimized medium significantly increased both cell growth and kefiran production by about 170.56% and 58.02%, respectively, in comparison with the unoptimized medium. Furthermore, the kinetics of cell growth and kefiran production in batch culture of L. kefiranofaciens was investigated under un-controlled pH conditions in 16-L scale bioreactor. The maximal cell mass in bioreactor culture reached 2.76 g L(-1) concomitant with kefiran production of 1.91 g L(-1).
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  18. Azman AS, Zainal N, Mutalib NA, Yin WF, Chan KG, Lee LH
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2016 Feb;66(2):554-561.
    PMID: 26556816 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000753
    A novel actinobacterial strain, MUSC 78T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Peninsular Malaysia. The taxonomic status of this strain was determined using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 78T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. Strain MUSC 78T formed a distinct clade in the family Intrasporangiaceae and was related most closely to members of the genera Terrabacter (98.3-96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Intrasporangium (98.2-96.8 %), Humibacillus (97.2 %), Janibacter (97.0-95.3 %), Terracoccus (96.8 %), Kribbia (96.6 %), Phycicoccus (96.2-94.7 %), Knoellia (96.1-94.8 %), Tetrasphaera (96.0-94.9 %) and Lapillicoccus (95.9 %). Cells were irregular rod-shaped or cocci and stained Gram-positive. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3γ, with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The main cell-wall sugar was mannose and lower amounts of galactose and rhamnose were present. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. Based on this polyphasic study, MUSC 78T exhibited phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae, and therefore a novel species of a new genus, Monashia flava gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Monashia flava is MUSC 78T ( = DSM 29621T = MCCC 1K00454T = NBRC 110749T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  19. Kamarudin F, Gan CY
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Jul;88:280-7.
    PMID: 27044345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.003
    Pinto bean pod polysaccharide (PBPP) was successfully extracted with yield of 38.5g/100g and the PBPP gave total carbohydrate and uronic acid contents of 286.2mg maltose equivalent/g and 374.3mgGal/g, respectively. The Mw of PBPP was 270.6kDa with intrinsic viscosity of 0.262dm(3)/g, which composed of mannose (2.5%), galacturonic acid (15.0%), rhamnose (4.0%), glucose (9.0%), galactose (62.2%), xylose (2.9%) and arabinose (4.3%) with trace amount of ribose and fucose. The result suggested that PBPP has a spherical conformation with a highly branched structure. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis showed that PBPP has a similar structure as commercial pectin with an esterification degree of 59.9%, whereas scanning electron microscopy study showed that the crude polysaccharide formed a thin layer of film that was made of multiple micro strands of fibre. PBPP exhibited substantial free radical scavenging activity (7.7%), metal reducing capability (2.04mmol/dm(3)) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (97.6%) at a total amount of 1mg. PBPP also exhibited high water- and oil-holding capacities (3.6g/g and 2.8g/g, respectively). At a low concentration, PBPP exhibited emulsifying activity of 39.6% with stability of 38.6%. Apart from that, PBPP was able to show thickening capability at low concentration (0.005kg/dm(3)).
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
  20. Tan HF, Gan CY
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Apr;85:487-96.
    PMID: 26778156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.023
    Functional polysaccharide was isolated from Momordica charantia, with a yield of 36% (w/w). M. charantia bioactive polysaccharide (MCBP) was an acidic and branched heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 92 kDa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis indicated that MCBP was a pectin-like polysaccharide with an esterification degree of 53% and it contains numerous monosaccharides, predominantly glucose, galactose, and galaturonic acid. The results also showed that MCBP exhibited free radical scavenging activity (31.9%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.95 mM), α-amylase inhibition (89.1%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (94.1%). In the terms of functionality, MCBP showed a lower water-holding capacity but higher in oil-holding capacity, emulsifying activity and foaming capacity compared to citrus pectin. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that MCBP formed gels with a porous structure, and flow analysis showed that the gel solution exhibited pseudoplastic shear-thinning behavior. These findings indicated that MCBP is a promising functional macromolecular carbohydrate for the food and nutraceutical industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Galactose
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