Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 242 in total

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  1. Effects of N-succinyl-chitosan coating on properties of astaxanthin-loaded PEG-liposomes: Environmental stability, antioxidant/antibacterial activities, and in vitro release
    Liu A, Chai X, Zhu S, Chin PT, He M, Xu YJ, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jul 31;244:125311.
    PMID: 37302627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125311
    Astaxanthin (AST) has outstanding antioxidant and anti-inflammation bioactivities, but the low biocompatibility and stability limit its application in foods. In this study, N-succinyl-chitosan (NSC)-coated AST polyethylene glycol (PEG)-liposomes were constructed to enhance the biocompatibility, stability, and intestinal-targeted migration of AST. The AST NSC/PEG-liposomes were uniform in size, had larger particles, greater encapsulation efficiency, and better storage, pH, and temperature stability than the AST PEG-liposomes. AST NSC/PEG-liposomes exerted stronger antibacterial and antioxidant activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than AST PEG-liposomes. The NSC coating not only protects AST PEG-liposomes from gastric acid but also prolongs the retention and sustained release of AST NSC/PEG-liposomes depending on the intestinal pH. Moreover, caco-2 cellular uptake studies showed that AST NSC/PEG-liposomes had higher cellular uptake efficiency than AST PEG-liposomes. And AST NSC/PEG-liposomes were taken up by caco-2 cells through clathrin mediated endocytic, macrophage pathways and paracellular transport pathway. These results further proved that AST NSC/PEG-liposomes delayed the release and promoted the intestinal absorption of AST. Hence, AST PEG-liposomes coated with NSC could potentially be used as an efficient delivery system for therapeutic AST.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
  2. Core decompression combined with local DFO administration loaded on polylactic glycolic acid scaffolds for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a pilot study
    Gharanizadeh K, Sharifi AM, Tayyebi H, Heidari R, Amiri S, Noorigaravand S
    BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2023 Sep 05;24(1):44.
    PMID: 37670365 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00682-x
    BACKGROUND: Deferoxamine (DFO) angiogenesis induction potential has been demonstrated in earlier studies, but not in the osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In this study, we evaluated the outcome of ONFH treated with combined core decompression and local DFO administration loaded on Polylactic Glycolic Acid (PLGA).

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a pilot experimental study, six patients (10 hips) with early-stage non-traumatic ONFH were treated by core decompression, and concurrent injection of local DFO loaded on PLGA scaffold into the subchondral femoral head. Outcome measures were evaluated before the surgery and 12 and 24 months after the surgery and included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, modified Merle d'Aubigné-Postel (MAP) score for hip function by MRI, and rate of osteonecrosis assessed by the modified.

    RESULTS: The mean MPA score was 14.7 ± 1.16 before the surgery and 16.7 ± 1.41 one year after the surgery (P = 0.004). The mean VAS for pain was 4.7 ± 1.25 before the surgery and 1.8 ± 1.03 one year after the surgery (P = 0.005). The mean Kerboul angle was 219 ± 58.64 before the operation and 164.6 ± 41.82 one year after the operation (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Glycols*
  3. Pencirian hidrokimia air tanah dan air bawah tanah di Kerpan Kedah
    Umar Hamzah, Yong CY, Bashillah Baharudin, Abdul Rahim Samsudin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37.
    Analisis kimia air telah dilakukan terhadap larutan yang diekstrak dari 85 sampel tanah yang dipungut di kawasan ternakan udang harimau di Kerpan. Sampel tanah dikorek pada kedalaman 2 m bermula dari garis pantai sehingga 20 km ke arah daratan. Selain daripada tanah, air bawah tanah juga disampel dengan penggerudian yang berkedalaman 10 hingga 25 m untuk dilakukan analisis kimia air. Hasil analisis hidrokimia larutan yang diekstrasi dari sampel tanah yang diambil pada kedalaman 1-2 m menunjukkan kepekatan klorida berjulat dari 12 hingga 6500 mg/L. Berdasarkan kepekatan ion tersebut, kawasan kajian telah dibahagikan kepada beberapa zon-zon iaitu zon masin dan payau. Kepekatan pepejal terlarut yang diukur adalah dalam julat 100 hingga 40,000 mg/L dengan julat ini merangkumi zon berair segar hingga masin. Zon berair masin yang ditafsir berdasarkan kepekatan pepejal terlarut adalah dalam lingkungan 1 km dari pantai manakala berdasarkan kepekatan klorida sempadan ini adalah disekitar 4-5 km. Kehadiran air masin boleh berasal dari penerobosan langsung dari laut ataupun melalui proses air pasang-surut dimana air laut masuk melalui sungai atau terusan berhampiran ke kawasan kajian. Kehadiran air masin juga disokong oleh pertambahan kepekatan unsur-unsur seperti naterium, kalium dan kalsium ke arah laut. Berdasarkan peta taburan spatial kepekatan klorida, pola kontur kemasinan tinggi didapati mengikut bentuk kolam ternakan udang. Oleh itu besar kemungkinan pengaruh air masin adalah dari proses infiltrasi air kolam ke kawasan sekitar. Untuk melihat samada proses penerobosan juga turut memainkan peranan dalam mempengaruhi kemasinan di kawasan kajian, sampel air dari lubang gerudi pada kedalaman 10-25 meter juga turut dibuat. Sampel air yang dipam dari lubang gerudi menunjukkan kepekatan klorida dalam julat 2030 hingga 13,000 mg/L manakala kepekatan pepejal terlarut berjulat 3233 hingga 9280 mg/L. Berdasarkan nilai kepekatan klorida dan pepejal terlarut sampel air lubang gerudi, kawasan di sekitar lubang gerudi khususnya pada jarak hampir 1 km dari pantai telah tercemar dengan kesan penerobosan air laut.
    Matched MeSH terms: Propylene Glycols
  4. Kajian ketumpatan lineamen dalam penilaian potensi jatuhan batuan di kawasan Lembah Kinta
    Uhammad Fahmi Abdul Ghani, Simon N, Goh TL, Tuan Rosli Tuan Mohamed, Abdul Ghani Rafek
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1509-1516.
    Perbukitan batu kapur di Lembah Kinta membentuk landskap muka bumi yang unik dan indah hasil daripada proses pelarutan batuan karbonat. Namun begitu, bergantung kepada kawasan perbukitan batu kapur tersebut, kehadiran pelbagai struktur geologi seperti struktur retakan dan kekar yang ekstensif mampu memberi ancaman kepada manusia dan harta benda. Kajian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara ketumpatan lineamen dan tahap kestabilan tujuh cerun gunung batu kapur di Lembah Kinta, Malaysia. Kajian ini terbahagi kepada dua peringkat, iaitu pemetaan ketumpatan lineamen dan penilaian kestabilan cerun dengan menggunakan kaedah Kekuatan Jasad Batuan (RMS). Sebanyak 599 lineamen rantau dikenal pasti dengan panjang keseluruhan lineamen mencapai 317 km. Seterusnya, peta ketumpatan lineamen yang dihasilkan dikelaskan kepada tiga kelas: Rendah (137.0-84.23) m, sederhana (84.22-46.83) m dan tinggi (46.82-0.0) m. Kaedah RMS yang dijalankan di lapangan pula adalah bertujuan bagi mengesahkan peta ketumpatan lineamen yang dihasilkan. Sebanyak dua belas stesen dinilai dengan tujuh parameter RMS iaitu kekuatan bahan batuan, tahap luluhawa, bukaan kekar, orientasi kekar, kelebaran kekar, ketakselanjaran dan aliran air bawah tanah. Setiap cerun yang dinilai dikelaskan kepada lima kumpulan daripada sangat lemah hingga sangat kuat. Skor RMS berdasarkan jumlah akhir setiap parameter yang dinilai. Hampir kesemua stesen yang dicerap berada pada kelas sederhana (Gunung Rapat, Datok, Kandu, Panjang, A, Tempurung) manakala hanya satu stesen (Gunung Lang) berada pada kelas lemah. Korelasi antara peta ketumpatan lineamen dan skor RMS menunjukkan korelasi yang baik dengan 73% ketepatan. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kestabilan cerun di Lembah Kinta dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh ketumpatan lineamen rantau.
    Matched MeSH terms: Propylene Glycols
  5. Fulltext Incorporation of Smooth Muscle Cells Derived from Human Adipose Stem Cells on Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) Scaffold for the Reconstruction of Subtotally Resected Urinary Bladder in Athymic Rats
    Salem SA, Rashidbenam Z, Jasman MH, Ho CCK, Sagap I, Singh R, et al.
    Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2020 08;17(4):553-563.
    PMID: 32583275 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00271-7
    BACKGROUND: The urinary tract can be affected by both congenital abnormalities as well as acquired disorders, such as cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation, and iatrogenic injuries, all of which may lead to organ damage requiring eventual reconstruction. As a gold standard, gastrointestinal segment is used for urinary bladder reconstruction. However, one major problem is that while bladder tissue prevents reabsorption of specific solutes, gastrointestinal tissue actually absorbs them. Therefore, tissue engineering approach had been attempted to provide an alternative tissue graft for urinary bladder reconstruction.

    METHODS: Human adipose-derived stem cells isolated from fat tissues were differentiated into smooth muscle cells and then seeded onto a triple-layered PLGA sheet to form a bladder construct. Adult athymic rats underwent subtotal urinary bladder resection and were divided into three treatment groups (n = 3): Group 1 ("sham") underwent anastomosis of the remaining basal region, Group 2 underwent reconstruction with the cell-free scaffold, and Group 3 underwent reconstruction with the tissue-engineered bladder construct. Animals were monitored on a daily basis and euthanisation was performed whenever a decline in animal health was detected.

    RESULTS: All animals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 survived for at least 7 days and were followed up to a maximum of 12 weeks post-operation. It was found that by Day 14, substantial ingrowth of smooth muscle and urothelial cells had occurred in Group 2 and 3. In the long-term follow up of group 3 (tissue-engineered bladder construct group), it was found that the urinary bladder wall was completely regenerated and bladder function was fully restored. Urodynamic and radiological evaluations of the reconstructed bladder showed a return to normal bladder volume and function.Histological analysis revealed the presence of three muscular layers and a urothelium similar to that of a normal bladder. Immunohistochemical staining using human-specific myocyte markers (myosin heavy chain and smoothelin) confirmed the incorporation of the seeded cells in the newly regenerated muscular layers.

    CONCLUSION: Implantation of PLGA construct seeded with smooth muscle cells derived from human adipose stem cells can lead to regeneration of the muscular layers and urothelial ingrowth, leading to formation of a completely functional urinary bladder.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glycols*
  6. Fulltext Interaction between C18 fatty acids and DOPE PEG2000 in Langmuir monolayers: effect of degree of unsaturation
    Gew LT, Misran M
    J Biol Phys, 2017 Sep;43(3):397-414.
    PMID: 28752254 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-017-9459-2
    In this study, we address the effect of the cis-double bond in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamide-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000, DOPE PEG2000 (DP), on the Langmuir monolayer of C18 fatty acids-namely, stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (L1), linoleic acid (L2), and linolenic acid (L3)-with the same head group but different degrees of saturation on their hydrocarbon chains. Negative values of Gibbs free energy of mixing (ΔG mix) were obtained throughout the investigated ranges of the unsaturated C18 fatty-acid (L1, L2 and L3) mixed systems, indicating that very strong attractions occurred between molecules in the monolayers. The bend and kink effects from the cis-double bond(s) in the hydrocarbon chain affected the membrane fluidity and molecular packing in the monolayers, which resulted in a greater interaction between unsaturated C18 fatty acids and DP. The most thermodynamically stable mole composition of unsaturated C18 fatty acids to DP was observed at 50:1; this ratio is suggested to be the best mole ratio and will be subsequently used to prepare DP-C18 fatty-acid nanoliposomes. The presence of cis-double bonds in both hydrocarbon chains of DOPE in DP also created an imperfection in the membrane structure of lipid-drug delivery systems, which is expected to enhance lipid-based systems for antibody conjugation and drug encapsulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry*
  7. Surfactant as an Additive for the Recovery of Potent Antioxidants from Garcinia mangostana Pericarps Using a Polymer/Salt Aqueous Biphasic System
    Ng HS, Kee PE, Tan GY, Yim HS, Lan JC
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2020 May;191(1):273-283.
    PMID: 32335865 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03284-z
    Garcinia mangostana pericarp is a good source of natural antioxidants with numerous functional properties. The conventional approaches for the recovery of antioxidants from Garcinia mangostana pericarp require long processing time and high temperature, which may cause degradation or loss of bioactivity of antioxidants, and often result in low recovery efficiency. In this study, the extraction of antioxidants from Garcinia mangostana pericarp was investigated using a polyethylene glycol (PEG)/citrate aqueous biphasic system (ABS) with the addition of surfactants. The optimum condition for the recovery of antioxidants was achieved in PEG 1000/citrate ABS of pH 8 with tie-line length (TLL) of 48.3% (w/w), volume ratio (VR) of 1.6, 0.2% (w/w) sample loading and addition of 1.0% (w/w) Tween 85. The antioxidants were recovered in the PEG-rich top phase with a high K value of 18.23 ± 0.33 and a recovery yield of 92.01% ± 0.09. The findings suggested that the addition of surfactants to polymer/salt ABS can enhance the recovery of antioxidants from Garcinia mangostana pericarps by conserving the antioxidative properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry*
  8. Purification of lipase from Burkholderia metallica fermentation broth in a column chromatography using polymer impregnated resins
    Ng ZJ, Abbasiliasi S, Yew Joon T, Ng HS, Phapugrangkul P, Tan JS
    Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2023;53(7):872-879.
    PMID: 36594706 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2158468
    In this work, porous glass beads grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as an adsorbent to purify lipase from Burkholderia metallica in column chromatography. The purification parameters viz. salt stability, types and concentrations of PEG and salt, pH of the binding solution, and flow rate were studied to determine the performance of the purification system in an XK16/20 column. The crude lipase was mixed with different types and concentrations of salts 1-5% (w/w) (sodium citrate, potassium citrate, and sodium acetate) and subjected to the column containing the polymeric glass bead. One-variable-at-a-time experimentation revealed that 20% (w/w) PEG 6000 g/mol impregnated glass beads with a binding solution of 5% sodium citrate at pH 7.7, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and extraction time of 10 min resulted in the highest purification factor and recovery yield at 3.67 and 88%, respectively. The purified lipase has 55 ∼ 60 kDa molecular mass. The outcome of the study showed PEG could be applied to modify the inert glass beads into polymeric form, providing a biocompatible and mild separation condition for lipase. Thus, PEG could be successfully applied for the purification of lipase from B. metallica fermentation broth using column chromatography.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
  9. Characterization and solubility study of norfloxacin-polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carbopol 974p solid dispersions
    Gorajana A, Kit WW, Dua K
    Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul, 2015;9(2):167-82.
    PMID: 25714525
    OBJECTIVE: Norfloxacin has a low aqueous solubility which leads to poor dissolution. Keeping this fact in mind the purpose of the present study is to formulate and evaluate norfloxacin solid dispersion.

    METHODS: Solid dispersions were prepared using hydrophilic carriers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) k30 and carbopol 974pNF (CP) in various ratios using solvent evaporation technique. These formulations were evaluated using solubility studies, dissolution studies; Fourier transmitted infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). The influence of polymer type and drug to polymer ratio on the solubility and dissolution rate of norfloxacin was also evaluated.

    RESULTS: FTIR analysis showed no interaction of all three polymers with norfloxacin. The results from XRD and DSC analyses of the solid dispersion preparations showed that norfloxacin existsin its amorphous form. Among the Norfloxacin: PEG solid dispersions, Norfloxacin: PEG 1:14 ratio showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 6.8. For norfloxacin: PVP solid dispersions, norfloxacin: PVP 1:10 ratio showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 6.8. For Norfloxacin: CP solid dispersions, norfloxacin: P 1:2 ratio showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 6.8.

    CONCLUSION: The solid dispersion of norfloxacin with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) k30 and carbopol 974p NF (CP), lends an ample credence for better therapeutic efficacy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacokinetics; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry*
  10. Study and fabrication of europium picrate triethylene glycol complex
    Saleh MI, Kusrini E, Mohd Sarjidan MA, Abd Majid WH
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2011 Jan;78(1):52-8.
    PMID: 21030294 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.029
    A mononuclear of [Eu(NO3)(Pic)(H2O)2(EO3)](Pic)·(0.73)H2O complex, where EO3=trietraethylene glycol and Pic=picrate anion, shows a red emission when used as an active layer in a single layer of ITO/EO3-Eu-Pic/Al configuration. The crystal structure of the complex consists of [Eu(NO3)(Pic)(H2O)2(EO3)]+ cation and [Pic]- anion. The Eu(III) ion is coordinated to the 10 oxygen atoms from one EO3 ligand, one Pic anion, one nitrate anion, and two water molecules. The complex is crystallized in triclinic with space group P-1. The hybrids in thin films I and II were prepared in the respective order solution concentrations of 15 and 20 mg/mL the emissive center. Comparing the photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectra, we can find that all emissions come from the characteristic transitions of the Eu(III) ion. The EL spectra of both thin films showed the occurrence of the most intense red-light emission around at 612 nm. Comparison of organic light-emitting device (OLED) current intensity characteristics as a function of voltage (I-V) show that the thin film I is better than those found for the thin film II. The thickness of the emitting layer is an important factor to control the current-voltage curve. The sharp and intense emission of the complex at low voltage indicates that the complex is a suitable and promising candidate for red-emitting materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemical synthesis*; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry*
  11. Primary recovery of a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance derived from Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10 by an aqueous two-phase system
    Abbasiliasi S, Tan JS, Ibrahim TA, Kadkhodaei S, Ng HS, Vakhshiteh F, et al.
    Food Chem, 2014 May 15;151:93-100.
    PMID: 24423507 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.019
    A polymer-salt aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of polyethylene-glycol (PEG) with sodium citrate was developed for direct recovery of a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) from a culture of Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10. The influences of phase composition, tie-line length (TLL), volume ratio (VR), crude sample loading, pH and sodium chloride (NaCl) on the partition behaviour of BLIS was investigated. Under optimum conditions of ATPS, the purification of BLIS was achieved at 26.5% PEG (8000)/11% sodium citrate with a TLL of 46.38% (w/w), VR of 1.8, and 1.8% crude load at pH 7 without the presence of NaCl. BLIS from P. acidilactici Kp10 was successfully purified by the ATPS up to 8.43-fold with a yield of 81.18%. Given that the operation of ATPS is simple, environmentally friendly and cost-effective, as it requires only salts and PEG, it may have potential for industrial applications in the recovery of BLIS from fermentation broth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
  12. Fulltext Green synthesis and characterization of silver/chitosan/polyethylene glycol nanocomposites without any reducing agent
    Ahmad MB, Tay MY, Shameli K, Hussein MZ, Lim JJ
    Int J Mol Sci, 2011;12(8):4872-84.
    PMID: 21954331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12084872
    This paper presents the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in aqueous medium. This method was performed by reducing AgNO(3) in different stirring times of reaction at a moderate temperature using green agents, chitosan (Cts) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this work, silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) was used as the silver precursor while Cts and PEG were used as the solid support and polymeric stabilizer. The properties of Ag/Cts/PEG nanocomposites (NCs) were studied under different stirring times of reaction. The developed Ag/Cts/PEG NCs were then characterized by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry*
  13. Modeling of reaction kinetics for transesterification of palm-based methyl esters with trimethylolpropane
    Kamil RN, Yusup S
    Bioresour Technol, 2010 Aug;101(15):5877-84.
    PMID: 20304636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.084
    A mathematical model describing chemical kinetics of transesterification of palm-based methyl esters with trimethylolpropane has been developed. The model was developed by utilizing nonlinear regression method, which is an efficient and powerful way to determine rate constants for both forward and reverse reactions. A comparison with previous study which excludes the reverse reactions was made. The model was based on the reverse mechanism of transesterification reactions and describes concentration changes of trimethylolpropane, monoesters and diesters production. The developed model was validated against data from the literature. The reaction rate constants were determined using MATLAB version 7.2 and the ratios of rate constants obtained were well in agreement with those reported in the literature. A good correlation between model simulations and experimental data was observed. It was proven that both methods were able to predict the rate constants with plausible accuracy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Propylene Glycols/chemistry*
  14. Optimization of Water/Oil/Surfactant System for Preparation of Medium-Chain-Length Poly-3-Hydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA)-Incorporated Nanoparticles via Nanoemulsion Templating Technique
    Ishak KA, Annuar MSM, Ahmad N
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2017 Dec;183(4):1191-1208.
    PMID: 28502064 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2492-6
    Polymeric nanoparticles gain a widespread interest in food and pharmaceutical industries as delivery systems that encapsulate, protect, and release lipophilic compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, carotenoids, carvedilol, cyclosporine, and ketoprofen. In this study, medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA)-incorporated nanoparticle was developed via facile organic solvent-free nanoemulsion templating technique. The water content (W/surfactant-to-oil (S/O)), S/O, and Cremophor EL-to-Span 80 (Cremo/Sp80) ratios were first optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain nanoemulsion template prior to incorporation of mcl-PHA. Their effects on nanoemulsion formation were investigated. The mcl-PHA-incorporated nanoparticle system showed a good preservation capability of β-carotene and extended storage stability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry*
  15. Fulltext Simulation and optimisation of Bioethanol purification using extractive distillation with additive solvent
    Anisuzzaman, S.M., Krishnaiah, D., Bono, A., Lahin, F.A., Suali, E., Zuyyin, I.A.Z.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(2):707-718.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, simulation and optimisation of the purification of bioethanol from an azeotropic mixture was done using the Aspen HYSYS and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), respectively, to achieve an acceptable bioethanol content with minimal energy use. The objective of this study is to develop the simulation process of bioethanol production from a fermentation effluent. Additionally, the effects of parameters such as solvent temperature, number of entrainer feed stage, mass flow rate and third components of the process for production of bioethanol were studied. As bioethanol is a product of biofuel production, the main challenge facing bioethanol production is the separation of high purity ethanol. However, the separation of ethanol and water can be achieved with the addition of a suitable solvent such as 1,3-butylene glycol (13C4Diol), mixture 13C4Diol and ethylene glycol (EGlycol) and mixture 13C4Diol and glycol ethyl ether (DEG) in the extractive distillation process. For the 13C4Diol mixture, the temperature of entrainer is 90oC with 1500 kg/hr of entrainer rate, while the number of entrainer feed stage is one. The optimum conditions for mixture 13C4Diol and EGlycol require a temperature of entrainer of 90.77oC with an entrainer rate of 1500 kg/hr, while the number of entrainer feed stage is one. Lastly, for optimum conditions for the mixture 13C4Diol and DEG, the temperature of entrainer should be 90oC with an entrainer rate of 1564.04 kg/hr, while the number of entrainer feed stage is one. This study shows that process simulation and optimisation can enhance the removal of water from an azeotropic mixture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Butylene Glycols; Glycols
  16. Cytotoxicity evaluation of poly(ethylene) oxide nanofibre in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line
    Jamil M, Mustafa IS, Ahmed NM, Sahul Hamid SB
    Biomater Adv, 2022 Dec;143:213178.
    PMID: 36368056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213178
    Biocompatible polymers have received significant interest from researchers for their potential in diagnostic applications. This type of polymer can perform with an appropriate host response or carrier for a specific purpose. The current study aims to fabricate and characterise poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO) nanofibres with different concentrations for cytotoxicity evaluation in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and to get an optimal PEO nanofibre concentration (permissible limit) as a suitable polymer matrix or carrier with potential use in diagnostic applications. The fabrication of PEO nanofibres was done using electrospinning and was characterised by structure and morphology, surface roughness, chemical bonding and release profiles. The functional effects of PEO nanofibres were evaluated with MTS assay and colony formation assay in MCF-7 cells. The results showed that viscosity plays a vital role in synthesising a polymer solution in electrospinning for producing beadless nanofibrous mats ranging from 4.7 Pa·s to 77.7 Pa·s. As the PEO concentration increases, the nanofibre diameter and thickness will increase, but the surface roughness will be decreased. The average fibre diameter for 5 wt% PEO, 6 wt% PEO and 7 wt% PEO nanofibres were 129 ± 70 nm, 185 ± 55 nm and 192 ± 53 nm, respectively. In addition, the fibre thickness for 4 wt% PEO, 5 wt% PEO, 6 wt% PEO and 7 wt% PEO nanofibres were 269 ± 3 μm, 664 ± 4 μm, 758 ± 7 μm and 1329 ± 44 μm, respectively. Contrarily, the surface roughness for 4 wt% PEO, 5 wt% PEO, 6 wt% PEO and 7 wt% PEO nanofibres were 55.6 ± 9 nm, 42.8 ± 6 nm, 42.7 ± 7 nm and 36.6 ± 1 nm, respectively. PEO nanofibres showed the same burst release pattern and rate due to the same molecular weight of PEO with a stable release rate profile after 15 min. It also demonstrates that the percentage of PEO nanofibre release increased with the increasing PEO concentration due to the fibre diameter and thickness. The findings showed that all PEO nanofibres formulations were non-toxic to MCF-7 cells. It is suggested that 5 wt% PEO nanofibre exhibited non-cytotoxic characteristics by maintaining the cell viability from dose 0-1000 μg/ml and did not induce the number of colonies. Therefore, 5 wt% PEO nanofibre is the optimal nanofibre concentration and was suggested as a suitable base polymer matrix or carrier with potential use for diagnostic purposes. The findings in this study have demonstrated the influence of cell growth and viability, including the effects of PEO nanofibre formulations on cancer progress characteristics to achieve a permissible PEO nanofibre concentration limit that can be a benchmark in medical applications, particularly diagnostic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
  17. Fulltext Influence of different processing method on lignan content of selected Malaysian plant-based foods
    Hussain Zaki UK, Fryganas C, Trijsburg L, Feskens EJM, Capuano E
    Food Chem, 2023 Mar 15;404(Pt A):134607.
    PMID: 36272303 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134607
    This research assessed the influence of pickling, fermentation, germination, and tea brewing on lignan content of a variety of food highly consumed in Malaysia. Lignans have been measured by a validated LC-MS/MS method. Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) was the most abundant compound in fermented and germinated samples. Pickling significantly decreased larisiresinol content by approximately 86 %. Fermentation increased lignan content in a mixture of flaxseed and mung beans (799.9 ± 67.4 mg/100 g DW) compared to the unfermented counterpart (501.4 ± 134.6 mg/100 g DW), whereas the fermentation of soybeans and mung beans did not significantly affect the SECO content. Germination increased lignan content, which reached its peak on day 6 of germination for all the tested matrixes. In tea brew, lignans concentration increased with brewing time reaching its highest concentration at 10 min of brewing. The results of this study expand the knowledge on the effect of processing on lignan content in food.
    Matched MeSH terms: Butylene Glycols/analysis
  18. Omnidirectional Shape Memory Effect via Lyophilization of PEG Hydrogels
    Chen D, Xia X, Wong TW, Bai H, Behl M, Zhao Q, et al.
    Macromol Rapid Commun, 2017 Apr;38(7).
    PMID: 28196300 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600746
    Device applications of shape memory polymers demand diverse shape changing geometries, which are currently limited to non-omnidirectional movement. This restriction originates from traditional thermomechanical programming methods such as uniaxial, biaxial stretching, bending, or compression. A solvent-modulated programming method is reported to achieve an omnidirectional shape memory behavior. The method utilizes freeze drying of hydrogels of polyethylene glycol networks with a melting transition temperature around 50 °C in their dry state. Such a process creates temporarily fixed macroporosity, which collapses upon heating, leading to significant omnidirectional shrinkage. These shrunken materials can swell in water to form hydrogels again and the omnidirectional programming and recovery can be repeated. The fixity ratio (R f ) and recovery ratio (R r ) can be maintained at 90% and 98% respectively upon shape memory multicycling. The maximum linear recoverable strain, as limited by the maximum swelling, is ≈90%. Amongst various application potentials, one can envision the fabrication of multiphase composites by taking advantages of the omnidirectional shrinkage from a porous polymer to a denser structure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry*
  19. Targeted therapy of breast tumor by PLGA-based nanostructures: The versatile function in doxorubicin delivery
    Sonam Dongsar T, Tsering Dongsar T, Molugulu N, Annadurai S, Wahab S, Gupta N, et al.
    Environ Res, 2023 Sep 15;233:116455.
    PMID: 37356522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116455
    Breast carcinoma is a molecularly diverse illness, and it is among the most prominent and often reported malignancies in female across the globe. Surgical intervention, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and endocrine treatment are among the currently viable treatment options for the carcinoma of breast. Chemotherapy is among the most prevalent cancer management strategy. Doxorubicin (DOX) widely employed as a cytostatic medication for the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Despite its widespread acceptance and excellent efficacy against an extensive line up of neoplasia, it has a variety of shortcomings that limit its therapeutic potential in the previously mentioned indications. Employment of nanoparticulate systems has come up as a unique chemo medication delivery strategy and are being considerably explored for the amelioration of breast carcinoma. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based nano systems are being utilized in a number of areas within the medical research and medication delivery constitutes one of the primary functions for PLGA given their inherent physiochemical attributes, including their aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, versatility in formulation, and limited toxicity. Herein along with the different application of PLGA-based nano formulations in cancer therapy, the present review intends to describe the various research investigations that have been conducted to enumerate the effectiveness of DOX-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (DOX-PLGA NPs) as a feasible treatment option for breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycols/therapeutic use
  20. Fulltext A Review on Properties and Application of Bio-Based Poly(Butylene Succinate)
    Rafiqah SA, Khalina A, Harmaen AS, Tawakkal IA, Zaman K, Asim M, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Apr 29;13(9).
    PMID: 33946989 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091436
    Researchers and companies have increasingly been drawn to biodegradable polymers and composites because of their environmental resilience, eco-friendliness, and suitability for a range of applications. For various uses, biodegradable fabrics use biodegradable polymers or natural fibers as reinforcement. Many approaches have been taken to achieve better compatibility for tailored and improved material properties. In this article, PBS (polybutylene succinate) was chosen as the main topic due to its excellent properties and intensive interest among industrial and researchers. PBS is an environmentally safe biopolymer that has some special properties, such as good clarity and processability, a shiny look, and flexibility, but it also has some drawbacks, such as brittleness. PBS-based natural fiber composites are completely biodegradable and have strong physical properties. Several research studies on PBS-based composites have been published, including physical, mechanical, and thermal assessments of the properties and its ability to replace petroleum-based materials, but no systematic analysis of up-to-date research evidence is currently available in the literature. The aim of this analysis is to highlight recent developments in PBS research and production, as well as its natural fiber composites. The current research efforts focus on the synthesis, copolymers and biodegradability for its properties, trends, challenges and prospects in the field of PBS and its composites also reviewed in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Butylene Glycols
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