MyMedR

A comparative study of the in-vitro activity of cefepime and other cephalosporins

Lim VK, Halijah MY

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):65-8.

Cefepime is a new cephalosporin antibiotic which is highly active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The purpose of this study was to establish the in-vitro activity of cefepime and three other cephalosporins against recent clinical isolates from patients at the General Hospital Kuala Lumpur. A total of 334 strains comprising Enterobacteriaceae, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus were tested for their sensitivity to cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics were established using an agar dilution method. With the exception of some strains of Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Xanthomonas maltophilia and other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli, cefepime was found to be active against a wide range of Gram-negative organisms. Cefepime was as or more active than the other cephalosporins against Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Strains of Klebsiella and Salmonella that were resistant to the third generation cephalosporins were sensitive to cefepime. Cefepime could be a valuable alternative for the treatment of nosocomial infections due to multiply resistant organisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Identification and characterization of the yellow pigment synthesized by Cupriavidus sp. USMAHM13

Ramachandran H, Iqbal MA, Amirul AA

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2014 Sep;174(2):461-70.

PMID: 25099372 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1080-2

Microbial pigments are gaining intensive attention due to increasing awareness of the toxicity of synthetic colours. In this study, a novel polymer-producing bacterium designated as Cupriavidus sp. USMAHM13 was also found to produce yellow pigment when cultivated in nutrient broth. Various parameters such as temperature, pH and ratio of culture volume to flask volume were found to influence the yellow pigment production. UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that the crude yellow pigment might probably represent new bioactive compound in the carotenoid family. The crude yellow pigment also exhibited a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with their inhibition zones and minimal inhibitory concentrations ranged from 25 to 38 mm and from 0.63 to 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification and characterization of yellow pigment produced by bacterium belonging to the genus Cupriavidus.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Fulltext Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of some novel imidazole and benzimidazole sulfonamides

Al-Mohammed NN, Alias Y, Abdullah Z, Shakir RM, Taha EM, Hamid AA

Molecules, 2013 Sep 26;18(10):11978-95.

PMID: 24077176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181011978

Several new substituted sulfonamide compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were screened against standard strains of six Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria using the microbroth dilution assay. Most of the compounds studied showed promising activities against both types of bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Fulltext In vitro antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba

Saad S, Taher M, Susanti D, Qaralleh H, Awang AF

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Jun;2(6):427-9.

PMID: 23569943 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60069-0

To investigate the antimicrobial property of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba (S. alba).

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Fulltext Preliminary comparative analysis of antibacterial effects of activated and non-activated of expired platelet concentrate by disc diffusion method

Zabidi MA, Yusoff NM, Kader ZS

Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2012 Jan-Mar;55(1):47-51.

PMID: 22499300 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.94855

Platelets release more than 30 cytokines to provide primary hemostatic function. In addition, platelets are also known to release antimicrobial peptides upon activation by thrombin.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Growth inhibition of foodborne and nosocomial pathogens by aqueous fraction of bearded Argostemma (Argostemma involucratum Hemsl., Rubiaceae)

Wiart C, Hannah A, Yusof M, Hamimah H, Sulaiman M

J Herb Pharmacother, 2005;5(3):97-102.

PMID: 16520301

The crude methanol extract of Bearded Argostemma (Argostemma involucratum Hemsl., Rubiaceae) showed a good and broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The activity was increased on fractionation (hexane, dichloromethane and water), particularly in the aqueous fraction which was more active than the methanol extract and streptomycin (no activity was shown against tested moulds). Both the hexane and dichloromethane fractions were inactive. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the antibacterial activity of hexane, dichloromethane, and aqueous fractions of Argostemma involucratum Hemsl. The aqueous fraction of Bearded Argostemma may be a possible new option for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

An Overview of the Activities of Cefiderocol Against Sensitive and Multidrug- Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

AlMatar M, Albarri O, Makky EA, Var I, Köksal F

Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(18):1908-1916.

PMID: 32811410 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200818211405

The need for new therapeutics and drug delivery systems has become necessary owing to the public health concern associated with the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Among the newly discovered therapeutic agents is cefiderocol, which was discovered by Shionogi Company, Japan as an injectable siderophore cephalosporin. Just like the other β-lactam antibiotics, cefiderocol exhibits antibacterial activity via cell wall synthesis inhibition, especially in Gram negative bacteria (GNB); it binds to the penicillin-binding proteins, but its unique attribute is that it crosses the periplasmic space of bacteria owing to its siderophore-like attribute; it also resists the activity of β-lactamases. Among all the synthesized compounds with the modified C-7 side chain, cefiderocol (3) presented the best and well-balanced activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria, including those that are resistant to carbapenem. İn this article, an overview of the recent studies on cefiderocol was presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Novel antimicrobial development using genome-scale metabolic model of Gram-negative pathogens: a review

Chung WY, Zhu Y, Mahamad Maifiah MH, Shivashekaregowda NKH, Wong EH, Abdul Rahim N

J Antibiot (Tokyo), 2021 02;74(2):95-104.

PMID: 32901119 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-00366-2

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of a wide range of infections. Governments around the world are beginning to devote effort for innovative treatment development to treat these resistant bacteria. Systems biology methods have been applied extensively to provide valuable insights into metabolic processes at system level. Genome-scale metabolic models serve as platforms for constraint-based computational techniques which aid in novel drug discovery. Tools for automated reconstruction of metabolic models have been developed to support system level metabolic analysis. We discuss features of such software platforms for potential users to best fit their purpose of research. In this work, we focus to review the development of genome-scale metabolic models of Gram-negative pathogens and also metabolic network approach for identification of antimicrobial drugs targets.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Fulltext Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic seed extract

Sahgal G, Ramanathan S, Sasidharan S, Mordi MN, Ismail S, Mansor SM

Trop Biomed, 2009 Dec;26(3):274-9.

PMID: 20237441 MyJurnal

The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic (SMCM) seed extract. The antimicrobial activity of the oily extract against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, yeast and fungus strains was evaluated based on the inhibition zone using disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The crude extract was subjected to various phytochemicals analysis. The demonstrated qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presences of common phytocompounds including alkaloids, terpenoids, antraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and volatile oils as major active constituents. The SMCM seed extract had inhibitory effects on the growth of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Streptococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabillase and illustrated MIC and MBC values ranging from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Antimicrobial properties of starch films incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

Shapi'i RA, Othman SH, Nordin N, Kadir Basha R, Nazli Naim M

Carbohydr Polym, 2020 Feb 15;230:115602.

PMID: 31887886 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115602

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were synthesized via ionic gelation and used for the preparation of starch-based nanocomposite films containing different concentration of CNP (0, 5, 10, 15, 20% w/w). Antimicrobial properties of starch/CNP films was evaluated via in vitro (disc diffusion analysis) and in vivo (microbial count in wrapped cherry tomatoes) study. It was found that inhibitory zone of the 15 and 20% of starch/CNP films were clearly observed for all the tested bacteria including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. In vivo study revealed that the starch/CNP film (15% w/w) was more efficient to inhibit the microbial growth in cherry tomatoes (7 × 102 CFU/g) compared to neat starch film (2.15 × 103 CFU/g) thus confirmed the potential application of the films as antimicrobial food packaging.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Fulltext Antibacterial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. A Malaysian medicinal plant

Farouk AE, Benafri A

Saudi Med J, 2007 Sep;28(9):1422-4.

PMID: 17768473

Objective: To evaluate methanolic, ethanolic, acetone and aqueous extracts from different parts of Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) (leave, stem, and root) for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to utilize the leaves and stem parts rather than the root, which is already used for male sexual enhancement in Malaysia.

Methods: The study took place in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Biotechnology Engineering Department, Malaysia between January 2005 and June 2006. Methanolic, ethanolic, acetone and aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and roots of E. longifolia were investigated for their antibacterial properties using Agar-well diffusion method.

Results: The alcoholic and acetone extracts of the leaves and stem extracts were active on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria except against 2 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi). The root extracts had no antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested. Aqueous leaves extract showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marscesens.

Conclusion: The alcoholic and acetone extracts from leaves and stems of E. longifolia contain potent antibacterial agent(s). This plant can serve as a potential source of antibacterial compounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Fulltext Pharmacological screening of methanolic extract of Ixora species

Latha LY, Darah I, Jain K, Sasidharan S

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Feb;2(2):149-51.

PMID: 23569886 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60210-4

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species.

METHODS: Antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion assay against fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

RESULTS: All methanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species showed a broad-spectrum of antibacterial and antiyeast activities, which inhibited the growth of at least one bacterium or yeast. There was no remarkable difference between different Ixora species observed in this study.

CONCLUSIONS: The significant antimicrobial activity shown by this Ixora species suggests its potential against infections caused by pathogens. The extract may be developed as an antimicrobial agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

In vitro antibacterial effects of Cinnamomum extracts on common bacteria found in wound infections with emphasis on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Buru AS, Pichika MR, Neela V, Mohandas K

J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 May 14;153(3):587-95.

PMID: 24613273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.044

Cinnamomum species have been widely used in many traditional systems of medicine around the world. In the Malaysian traditional system of medicine, the leaves, stem bark and stem wood of Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum porrectum, Cinnamomum altissimum and Cinnamomum impressicostatum have been used to treat wound infections. To study the antibacterial effects of Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum porrectum, Cinnamomum altissimum and Cinnamomum impressicostatum against common bacteria found in wound infections with primary focus on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Ocular surface infections in northeastern state of malaysia: a 10-year review of bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility

Rahman ZA, Harun A, Hasan H, Mohamed Z, Noor SS, Deris ZZ, et al.

Eye Contact Lens, 2013 Sep;39(5):355-60.

PMID: 23982472 DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3182a3026b

Ocular surface infections that include infections of conjunctiva, adnexa, and cornea have the potential risk of causing blindness within a given population. Empirical antibiotic therapy is usually initiated based on epidemiological data of common causative agents. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the bacterial agents and their susceptibility patterns of isolates from ocular surface specimens in our hospital.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Fulltext Evaluation of anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant potential of andrographolide and echiodinin isolated from callus culture of Andrographis paniculata Nees

Arifullah M, Namsa ND, Mandal M, Chiruvella KK, Vikrama P, Gopal GR

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2013 Aug;3(8):604-10; discussion 609-10.

PMID: 23905016 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60123-9

To evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity of andrographolide (AND) and echiodinin (ECH) of Andrographis paniculata.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Biological properties of sodium alkyl methyl ester sulfonate/alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant mixtures

Wong SP, Lim WH, Cheng SF, Chuah CH

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2012 Jan 1;89:48-52.

PMID: 21937202 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.08.021

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used as disinfectant in medical care, food industry, detergents and glue industries. This is due to a small concentration of QACs is sufficient to inhibit the growth of various bacteria strains. In this work, the inhibitive power of cationic surfactants, alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (C(n)TAB) in the presence of anionic surfactants, sodium alkyl methyl ester α-sulfonate (C(n)MES) was studied. The growth inhibition test with gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were used to determine the toxicity of single and mixed surfactants. Results from this work showed that certain mixed surfactants have lower minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) as compared to the single C(n)TAB surfactants. Besides that, it was also found that alkyl chain length and the mixing ratios of the surfactants play a significant role in determining the mixture inhibitive power.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Antimicrobial activity of tiger's betel (Piper porphyrophyllum N.E. Br., Piperaceae)

Wiart C, Hannah NA, Yassim M, Hamimah H, Sulaiman M

Phytother Res, 2004 Sep;18(9):783-4.

PMID: 15478188

The ethanol extract of leaves of Piper porphyrophyllum N.E. Br. showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The activity was increased on fractionation (hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous), particularly in the aqueous fraction. No activity was shown against tested Candida albicans.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Fulltext Orthopaedic infections: organisms and antibiotic sensitivity

Yusof MI, Yusof AH

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):574-7.

PMID: 15889557

Staphylococcus aureus infection remains the commonest organism causing musculoskeletal infection and antibiotic is the mainstay of treatment apart from adequate and appropriate surgical intervention. The exact figure of antibiotic resistance in orthopaedic practice is not known but it is expected to be higher than previously reported as the use of antibiotics is rampant. Its sensitivity to various antibiotics differs from one center to another making local surveillance necessary. From 66 patients with musculoskeletal infections studied in our centre, Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 50-65% of patients, depending on the sample taken. Fifteen percent of this were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus aureus was found to be sensitive to cloxacillin in 95% of patients' sample. MRSA remained highly sensitive to vancomycin, clindamycin and fucidic acid.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Antibacterial activity of ovary extract from sea urchin Diadema setosum

Marimuthu K, Gunaselvam P, Aminur Rahman M, Xavier R, Arockiaraj J, Subramanian S, et al.

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2015 May;19(10):1895-9.

PMID: 26044237

Sea urchin gonad is considered as a highly prized delicacy in several countries. It is also rich in valuable bioactive compounds including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and β-carotene. This study was undertaken to examine the antimicrobial properties of the ovary extract from sea urchin Diadema setosum against selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of naphthofuranquinones from the twigs of tropical mangrove Avicennia officinalis

Assaw S, Mohd Amir MIH, Khaw TT, Bakar K, Mohd Radzi SA, Mazlan NW

Nat Prod Res, 2020 Aug;34(16):2403-2406.

PMID: 30600710 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1538220

Mangrove plants are endowed with various biologically active compounds which have potent antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In present study, a bioactivity-guided fractionation for antibacterial and antioxidant active metabolites from the twigs of Avicennia officinalis collected from Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Selangor, Malaysia gave 13 major fractions. The antibacterial activity of A. officinalis fractions using well-diffusion showed strong selectivity on the Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis) with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 0.156-5.00 mg/mL. However, no antibacterial activities were observed on the Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio cholera, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli). The active antibacterial fractions were further isolated using several chromatographic techniques to give two naphthofuranquinones, namely, avicenol C (1) and stenocarpoquinone B (2). Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of A. officinalis fractions were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay exhibited low antioxidant activities. Molecular structure of the naphthofuranquinones was elucidated using 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopy.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

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