Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 91 in total

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  1. Stuart AM, Merfield CN, Horgan FG, Willis S, Watts MA, Ramírez-Muñoz F, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Feb;30(7):16984-17008.
    PMID: 36622585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24951-0
    A small proportion of the thousands of pesticides on the market today are associated with a disproportionately high incidence of severe acute pesticide poisoning and suicide. Paraquat stands out as one of the most lethal pesticides in common use, frequently involved in fatal incidents due to suicides or accidental exposure. Even though paraquat has been banned in over 67 countries, it is still widely used in many others, particularly in Asia and Latin America. Based on a literature review and consultations, this paper identifies options for replacing paraquat and distils practical lessons from numerous successes around the world. Our aim is to support regulators, policymakers, agronomists and the supply chain sector with practical information related to phasing out paraquat. Production data consistently failed to show any negative effects of banning paraquat on agricultural productivity. A wide range of alternative approaches to weed management and crop defoliation are available, many of which do not rely on herbicides. Over 1.25 million farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) successfully produce a range of crops for private voluntary standards (PVS) in food and fiber supply chains which prohibit paraquat use. We conclude from the findings of this study that eliminating paraquat will save lives without reducing agricultural productivity. Less hazardous and more sustainable alternatives exist. To enhance successful adoption and uptake of these methods on a wide scale, farmers require training and support within an enabling policy environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides*
  2. Mohd Nizam SN, Haji Baharudin NS, Ahmad H
    Environ Geochem Health, 2023 Aug;45(8):5557-5577.
    PMID: 37380923 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01668-8
    Pesticides are widely employed in rice crops since the ecosystem and surroundings of paddy promote insects, weeds, and fungal and bacterial pathogens. Each commonly utilised pesticide possesses different uses. For instance, fungicides control fungal issues, herbicides curb weed growth, and insecticides destroy and repel insects. Although several ways to categorise them exist, pesticides are typically classified according to their chemical compositions. Rice production remains one of the most dominant crops grown in most Southeast Asian countries as it is a staple food. Nonetheless, the crop is highly dependent on pesticides, leading to growing concerns over the potential adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health. Despite the availability of numerous studies on the subject, a comprehensive understanding of the specific effects of pesticides on paddy fields in Southeast Asia is still lacking. Consequently, reviewing existing knowledge is necessary for synthesising and identifying research gaps to better inform policymakers, farmers, and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector. The objectives of the present review paper were to review the interactions between pesticides and the environment by understanding the physical and chemical properties of the chemicals, compare pesticide transportation modes in air, water, and soil and how they affect the environment, and evaluate and discuss the effects of pesticides on non-targeted organisms. This study assessed pesticide innovation reported between 1945 and 2021 for a better understanding of the utilisation of the chemicals over time. The pesticides assessed in this study were classified based on their chemical compounds, such as organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroid. This review could provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between pesticides and the environment and their impacts on non-targeted organisms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides*
  3. Sarijo SH, Hussein MZ, Yahaya AH, Zainal Z
    J Hazard Mater, 2010 Oct 15;182(1-3):563-9.
    PMID: 20633986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.070
    The release of chlorophenoxyherbicides agrochemicals, namely 2-chloro- (2CPA), 4-chloro and 2,4,5-trichloro (TCPA) phenoxyacetates from their nanohybrids into various aqueous solutions; carbonate, sulfate and chloride was found to be controlled by pseudo-second order rate expression. The percentage saturated released was found to be anionic-dependent, in the order of carbonate>sulfate>chloride for the release media and 2CPA>4CPA>TCPA for the anionic guests. This study demonstrates that the release of the phenoxyherbicides agrochemicals from the nanohybrid compounds can be tuned by choosing the right combination of exchangeable anions both the incoming and the outgoing anions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/chemistry*
  4. Sahid IB, Wei CC
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1993 Jan;50(1):24-8.
    PMID: 8418934
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides*
  5. Abdullah AR, Sinnakkannu S, Tahir NM
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2001 Jun;66(6):762-9.
    PMID: 11353379
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/pharmacokinetics; Herbicides/chemistry*
  6. Ismail BS, Ooi KE
    J Environ Biol, 2012 May;33(3):573-7.
    PMID: 23029905
    Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate adsorption, desorption and mobility of metsulfuron-methyl in soils of the oil palm agroecosystem consisting of the Bernam, Selangor, Rengam and Bongor soil series. The lowest adsorption of metsulfuron-methyl occurred in the Bongor soil (0.366 ml g(-1)), and the highest in the Bemam soil (2.837 ml g(-1). The K(fads) (Freundlich) values of metsulfuron-methyl were 0.366, 0.560, 1.570 and 2.837 ml g(-1) in Bongor, Rengam, Selangor and Bemam soil, respectively. The highest K(fdes) value of metsulfuron-methyl, observed in the Bemam soil, was 2.563 indicating low desorption 0.280 (relatively strong retention). In contrast, the lowest K(fdes) value of 0.564 was observed for the Bongor soil, which had the lowest organic matter (1.43%) and clay content (13.2%). Soil organic matter and clay content were the main factors affecting the adsorption of metsulfuron-methyl. The results of the soil column leaching studies suggested that metsulfuron-methyl has a moderate potential for mobility in the Bernam and Bongor soil series with 19.3% and 39%, respectively for rainfall at 200 mm. However, since metsulfuron-methyl is applied at a very low rate (the maximum field application rate used was 30 g ha(-1)) and is susceptible to biodegradation, the potential forground water contamination is low.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/analysis*
  7. Sahid I, Razlin W, Zaabar W
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1993 Oct;51(4):605-11.
    PMID: 8400666
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/pharmacology*
  8. Zainuddin NJ, Ashari SE, Salim N, Asib N, Omar D, Lian GEC
    J Oleo Sci, 2019 Aug 01;68(8):747-757.
    PMID: 31292338 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18209
    The present study revealed the optimization of nanoemulsion containing palm oil derivatives and Parthenium hysterophorus L. crude extract (PHCE) as pre-emergence herbicide formulation against Diodia ocimifolia. The nanoemulsion formulation was prepared by high energy emulsification method, and it was optimized by mixture experimental design (MED). From the optimization process, analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a fit quadratic polynomial model with an optimal formulation composition containing 30.91% of palm kernel oil ester (PKOE), 28.48% of mixed surfactants (Tensiofix and Tween 80, 8:2), 28.32% of water and 12.29% of PHCE. The reading of both experimental and predicted particle size in the verification experiment were acceptable with a residual standard error (RSE) was less than 2%. Under the optimal condition, the smallest particle size obtained was 140.10 nm, and the particle was shown by morphology analysis to be spherical and demonstrated good stability (no phase separation) under centrifugation and different storage conditions (25 ± 5°C and 45°C). Nanoemulsion stored for 60 days exhibits monodisperse emulsion with a slight increase of particle size. The increase in particle size over time might have contributed by Ostwald ripening phenomenon which is shown by a linear graph from Ostwald ripening rate analysis. In the in vitro germination test, P. hysterophorus nanoemulsion (PHNE) was shown to cause total inhibition of D. ocimifolia seed at lower concentration (5 g L-1) as compared to PHCE (10 g L-1). The finding of the research could potentially serve as a platform for the development of palm oil based formulation containing plant crude extract for green weed management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/isolation & purification; Herbicides/toxicity*; Herbicides/chemistry
  9. Nourouzi MM, Chuah TG, Choong TS, Rabiei F
    J Environ Sci Health B, 2012;47(5):455-65.
    PMID: 22424071 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.663603
    An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to simulate the biodegradation of herbicide glyphosate [2-(Phosphonomethylamino) acetic acid] in a solution with varying parameters pH, inoculum size and initial glyphosate concentration. The predictive ability of ANN model was also compared with Monod model. The result showed that ANN model was able to accurately predict the experimental results. A low ratio of self-inhibition and half saturation constants of Haldane equations (< 8) exhibited the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on bacteria growth. The value of K(i)/K(s) increased when the mixed inoculum size was increased from 10(4) to 10(6) bacteria/mL. It was found that the percentage of glyphosate degradation reached a maximum value of 99% at an optimum pH 6-7 while for pH values higher than 9 or lower than 4, no degradation was observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/chemistry*
  10. Hussein MZ, Rahman NS, Sarijo SH, Zainal Z
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(6):7328-42.
    PMID: 22837696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067328
    Herbicides, namely 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyrate (DPBA) and 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionate (CPPA), were intercalated simultaneously into the interlayers of zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) by direct reaction of zinc oxide with both anions under aqueous environment to form a new nanohybrid containing both herbicides labeled as ZCDX. Successful intercalation of both anions simultaneously into the interlayer gallery space of ZLH was studied by PXRD, with basal spacing of 28.7 Å and supported by FTIR, TGA/DTG and UV-visible studies. Simultaneous release of both CPPA and DPBA anions into the release media was found to be governed by a pseudo second-order equation. The loading and percentage release of the DPBA is higher than the CPPA anion, which indicates that the DPBA anion was preferentially intercalated into and released from the ZLH interlayer galleries. This work shows that layered single metal hydroxide, particularly ZLH, is a suitable host for the controlled release formulation of two herbicides simultaneously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/chemistry*
  11. Ismail BS, Ampong N, Omar O
    Microbios, 2000;103(405):73-83.
    PMID: 11092189
    Effects of metsulphuron-methyl on the activities of amylase, invertase and xylanase in loamy sand and clay were evaluated for up to 28 days under laboratory conditions. Metsulphuron-methyl at 1.0 microg/g caused a significant reduction in amylase, invertase and xylanase activities for the entire period of study, especially at 28 days incubation in both soils. The lowest activities of the three enzymes were observed in the presence of 5.0 microg/g at 28 days incubation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides*
  12. Ismail BS, Quirinus L
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2000 Oct;65(4):530-6.
    PMID: 10960146
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/analysis*
  13. Tayyab S, Francis JA, Kabir MZ, Ghani H, Mohamad SB
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2019 Jan 15;207:284-293.
    PMID: 30267976 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.033
    To characterize the binding of a widely used herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to the major transporter in human circulation, human serum albumin (HSA), multi-spectroscopic approaches such as fluorescence, absorption and circular dichroism along with computational methods were employed. Analysis of the fluorescence and absorption spectroscopic data confirmed the 2,4-D-HSA complex formation. A static quenching mechanism was evident from the inverse temperature dependence of the KSV values. The complex was stabilized by a weak binding affinity (Ka = 5.08 × 103 M-1 at 298 K). Quantitative analysis of thermodynamic data revealed participation of hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions as well as hydrogen bonds in the binding process. Circular dichroism and three-dimensional fluorescence spectral results showed structural (secondary and tertiary) changes in HSA as well as microenvironmental perturbation around protein fluorophores (Trp and Tyr residues) upon 2,4-D binding. Addition of 2,4-D to HSA was found to improve protein's thermal stability. Competitive displacement results as well as computational analyses suggested preferred location of the 2,4-D binding site as Sudlow's site I (subdomain IIA) in HSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/metabolism*
  14. Franci J, Lam KW, Chuah TS, Cha TS
    Pestic Biochem Physiol, 2020 May;165:104556.
    PMID: 32359543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104556
    Glyphosate-resistant populations of Eleusine indica are widespread in several states of Malaysia. A whole-plant bioassay confirmed that eight out of the 17 populations tested were resistant to glyphosate at double the recommended rate of 2.44 kg ha-1. Screening with allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) revealed that resistant plants contained an EPSPS gene with either the homozygous S/S-106 or the heterozygous P/S-106 alleles. All susceptible plants contained only the homozygous P/P-106 allele. In addition, DNA sequences of the full-length EPSPS gene from one susceptible (SB) and four resistant (R2, R6, R8 and R11) populations revealed an amino acid substitution of T102I in all the resistant plants, while another substitution of P381L was only found in resistant populations R6 and R11. The significance of the P381L mutation was examined by Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) and residue interaction network (RIN) analyses, which suggests the P381L mutation may contribute to resistance. Mutations at 102 and 106 occur widely in the EPSPS gene of glyphosate-resistant E. indica populations from Malaysia with the TIPS mutation. In addition, the P381L mutation could also contribute to resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides*; Herbicide Resistance
  15. Nendick E, Mohamed F, Raubenheimer J, Gawarammana I, Buckley NA, Eddleston M
    Clin Toxicol (Phila), 2022 Oct;60(10):1106-1112.
    PMID: 35950874 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2105710
    BACKGROUND: Pesticide self-poisoning is a global clinical and public health problem. While self-poisoning with insecticides and herbicides has been extensively studied, there is minimal literature on acute fungicide self-poisoning. We aimed to study the clinical course and outcome of fungicide self-poisoned patients recruited to a prospective cohort in Sri Lanka.

    METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of patients presenting with fungicide self-poisoning to nine hospitals in Sri Lanka between 2002 and 2020. Patients were enrolled by clinical research assistants, with clinical outcomes being recorded at regular review for each patient.

    RESULTS: We identified 337 cases of self-poisoning with fungicides (alcohol as only co-ingestant), including 28 different fungicides across 5 different fungicide classes. Median time from ingestion to examination was 3.1 (1.8-5.7) h. Nearly all presented to hospital fully conscious (GCS 15, 15-15)- only 27 patients (8.0%) presented with reduced GCS (<15) and only 2 (0.6%) had GCS 3/15. Most patients (333/337, 98.8%) made a full recovery, of whom only eight (2.37%) required intubation and ventilation. Four patients died (case fatality rate: 1.2%; 95% CI 0.0-23.4) after ingestion of edifenphos (n = 2), propamocarb and pyraclostrobin.

    CONCLUSION: Fungicide self-poisoning appears to be less hazardous than insecticide or herbicide self-poisoning, with a substantially lower case fatality in the same cohort. Edifenphos is an exception to this 'less toxic' rule; as a WHO Class Ib highly hazardous pesticide, we recommend its withdrawal from, and replacement in, global agricultural practice. Propamocarb should be listed in the WHO hazard classification as propamocarb hydrochloride to reflect the higher toxicity of the common agricultural formulation. Pyraclostrobin currently has no WHO classification; one is urgently required now that its ingestion has now been linked the death of a patient. Additional prospective clinical data on fungicide self-poisoning is required to expand knowledge on the effects of these diverse compounds.

    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides*
  16. Anwar MP, Juraimi AS, Mohamed MT, Uddin MK, Samedani B, Puteh A, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:916408.
    PMID: 24223513 DOI: 10.1155/2013/916408
    Till now, herbicide seems to be a cost effective tool from an agronomic view point to control weeds. But long term efficacy and sustainability issues are the driving forces behind the reconsideration of herbicide dependent weed management strategy in rice. This demands reappearance of physical and cultural management options combined with judicious herbicide application in a more comprehensive and integrated way. Keeping those in mind, some agronomic tools along with different manual weeding and herbicides combinations were evaluated for their weed control efficacy in rice under aerobic soil conditions. Combination of competitive variety, higher seeding rate, and seed priming resulted in more competitive cropping system in favor of rice, which was reflected in lower weed pressure, higher weed control efficiency, and better yield. Most of the herbicides exhibited excellent weed control efficiency. Treatments comprising only herbicides required less cost involvement but produced higher net benefit. On the contrary, treatments comprising both herbicide and manual weeding required high cost involvement and thus produced lower net benefit. Therefore, adoption of competitive rice variety, higher seed rate, and seed priming along with spraying different early-postemergence herbicides in rotation at 10 days after seeding (DAS) followed by a manual weeding at 30 DAS may be recommended from sustainability view point.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/pharmacology*
  17. Chuah TS, Norhafizah MZ, Naimah AH, Ismail BS
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:963-967.
    The allelochemical 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is one of the natural compounds present in medicinal plants.
    This compound has been reported to possess herbicidal properties. However, its effect on weed growth parameters is
    unknown for it to be utilized in weed management. Hence, the herbicidal potential of the allelochemical 2,4-DTBP on the
    root and leaf tissues of the grassy weed, Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees and the broadleaf weed, Hedyotis verticillata
    (L.) Lam was investigated. After 2,4-DTBP treatment, both bioassay species had abnormal and much shorter root hairs
    compared to those of untreated plants. The roots of H. verticillata were severely damaged with the root nodes turned
    brown. The phytotoxic effect of 2,4-DTBP on L. chinensis and H. verticillata became apparent at seven days and 14 days
    after treatment with symptoms of lamina wilting and necrosis, respectively. These results demonstrated that 2,4-DTBP
    could be used as a natural herbicide for the control of L. chinensis and H. verticillata.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides
  18. Lim CJ, Basri M, Omar D, Abdul Rahman MB, Salleh AB, Raja Abdul Rahman RN
    Pest Manag Sci, 2013 Jan;69(1):104-11.
    PMID: 22865686 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3371
    Pesticides are developed with carriers to improve their physicochemical properties and, accordingly, the bioefficacy of the applied formulation. For foliar-applied herbicide, generally less than 0.1% of the active ingredient reaching the target site could reduce pesticide performance. Recently, a carrier of nanoemulsion consisting of oil, surfactant and water, with a particle size of less than 200 nm, has been shown to enhance drug permeability for skin penetration in pharmaceutical delivery systems. In the present work, the aim was to formulate a water-soluble herbicide, glyphosate isopropylamine (IPA), using a green nanoemulsion system for a biological activity study against the weeds creeping foxglove, slender button weed and buffalo grass.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/analysis; Herbicides/pharmacology*; Herbicides/chemistry
  19. Yavari S, Malakahmad A, Sapari NB, Yavari S
    J Environ Manage, 2017 Feb 18;193:201-210.
    PMID: 28226259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.035
    Imidazolinones are a family of herbicides that are used to control a broad range of weeds. Their high persistence and leaching potential make them probable risk to the ecosystems. In this study, biochar, the biomass-derived solid material, was produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and rice husk (RH) through pyrolysis process. Feedstock and pyrolysis variables can control biochar sorption capacity. Therefore, the present study attempts to evaluate effects of three pyrolysis variables (temperature, heating rate and retention time) on abilities of biochars for removal of imazapic and imazapyr herbicides from soil. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing the variables to achieve maximum sorption performance of the biochars. Experimental data were interpreted accurately by quadratic models. Based on the results, sorption capacities of both biochars raised when temperature decreased to 300 °C, mainly because of increased biochars effective functionality in sorption of polar molecules. Heating rate of 3°C/min provided optimum conditions to maximize the sorption capacities of both biochars. Retention time of about 1 h and 3 h were found to be the best for EFB and RH biochars, respectively. EFB biochar was more efficient in removal of the herbicides, especially imazapyr due to its chemical composition and higher polarity index (0.42) rather than RH biochar (0.39). Besides, higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) values of EFB biochar (83.90 cmolc/kg) in comparison with RH biochar (70.73 cmolc/kg) represented its higher surface polarity effective in sorption of the polar herbicides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides
  20. Mohd Amin MF, Heijman SG, Lopes SI, Rietveld LC
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:162157.
    PMID: 25197693 DOI: 10.1155/2014/162157
    This paper reports on the direct ability of two positively charged organic polyelectrolytes (natural-based and synthetic) to reduce the atrazine concentration in water. The adsorption study was set up using multiple glass vessels with different polymer dosing levels followed by ultrafiltration with a 1 kDa membrane. The addition of polymers exhibited a capability in reducing the atrazine concentration up to a maximum of 60% in surface-to-volume ratio experiments. In the beginning, the theoretical L-type of the isotherm of Giles' classification was expected with an increase in the dosage of the polymer. However, in this study, the conventional type of isotherm was not observed. It was found that the adsorption of the cationic polymer on the negatively charged glass surface was necessary and influential for the removal of atrazine. Surface-to-volume ratio adsorption experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanisms and the polymer configuration. The glass surface area was determined to be a limiting parameter in the adsorption mechanism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Herbicides/analysis*; Herbicides/chemistry
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