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  1. Lim H, Chuah JA, Chek MF, Tan HT, Hakoshima T, Sudesh K
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Sep 01;186:414-423.
    PMID: 34246679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.041
    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolyesters synthesized by microorganisms as intracellular energy reservoirs under stressful environmental conditions. PHA synthase (PhaC) is the key enzyme responsible for PHA biosynthesis, but the importance of its N- and C-terminal ends still remains elusive. Six plasmid constructs expressing truncation variants of Aquitalea sp. USM4 PhaC (PhaC1As) were generated and heterologously expressed in Cupriavidus necator PHB-4. Removal of the first six residues at the N-terminus enabled the modulation of PHA composition without altering the PHA content in cells. Meanwhile, deletion of 13 amino acids from the C-terminus greatly affected the catalytic activity of PhaC1As, retaining only 1.1-7.4% of the total activity. Truncation(s) at the N- and/or C-terminus of PhaC1As gradually diminished the incorporation of comonomer units, and revealed that the N-terminal region is essential for PhaC1As dimerization whereas the C-terminal region is required for stabilization. Notably, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that PhaC modification affected the morphology of intracellular PHA granules, which until now is only known to be regulated by phasins. This study provided substantial evidence and highlighted the significance of both the N- and C-termini of PhaC1As in regulating intracellular granule morphology, activity, substrate specificity, dimerization and stability of the synthase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inclusion Bodies/ultrastructure
  2. Siti-Aishah MA, Noriah O, Malini MN, Zainul-Rashid MR, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(5):447-50.
    PMID: 22041803
    A 30-year-old, nulliparous woman presented with a history of subfertility. On examination she was found to have uterine fibroid of 28 weeks size of gravid uterus and subsequently laporatomy myomectomy was performed. Multilobulated masses, with diameters ranging from 22 mm to 160 mm were found. Cut sections of the lobulated masses showed whitish whorled cut surface. One of the multilobulated masses had a cystic cavity, measuring 60x50x35 mm(3). Light microscopic findings of the mass with the cystic cavity showed a well-circumscribed cellular tumour composed of cells exhibiting moderate nuclear atypia which were enlarged, nuclei with prominent chromatin clumping and were distributed in areas. Some tumour cells showed large nuclear pseudoinclusions, multinucleated or multilobated tumour giant cells, smudging and few enlarged nucleoli. Mitotic activity was 4 MFs per 10 HPFs. Occasional cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions resembling rhabdoid - like features were seen. There were no atypical mitoses or tumour necroses were noted. Diagnosis of atypical leiomyoma or symplastic leiomyoma was made. Atypical or symplastic leiomyomas are rare in the region of Malaysia and the present case discusses its incidence in younger age, its morphological features along with diagnosis and clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inclusion Bodies/ultrastructure
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