Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 33 in total

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  1. Hong KW, Thinagaran Da, Gan HM, Yin WF, Chan KG
    J Bacteriol, 2012 Nov;194(22):6324.
    PMID: 23115161 DOI: 10.1128/JB.01608-12
    Cupriavidus sp. strain BIS7 is a Malaysian tropical soil bacterium that exhibits broad heavy-metal resistance [Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Se(IV), Cu(II), chromate, Co(III), Fe(II), and Fe(III)]. It is particularly resistant to Fe(II), Fe(III), and Zn(II). Here we present the assembly and annotation of its genome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  2. Vedamanikam VJ, Shazilli NA
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2008 Jan;80(1):63-7.
    PMID: 18058048
    A study was conducted on the long term effects of nine heavy metals on the Chironomus plumosus and Culicoides furens larvae. This study tested the effect of the heavy metals on several generations of the larvae to observe the formation of increased hardiness against pollutants present within the aquatic habitat. From this study it was observed that susceptibility or sensitivity to heavy metals decreased with LC50 values becoming larger indicating a decreased toxicity level. Significant variations (p < 0.05) were observed between first generation and third generation culicoides for all metals and at all concentrations. Variations between third and fourth generation culicoides were also significantly different (p < 0.05) with the exception of chromium at 25 degrees C and nickel and lead at every temperature range group. The variation between all generations 4, 5 and 6 was found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). This would indicate that metal tolerance would have occurred in these generations and the effect of metals was less toxic to the culicoides. Generation 9 was found to have LC50 values (p > 0.05) the same as the LC50 values obtained in third generation culicoides. Thus it would appear that heavy metal resistance was developed when the organisms were exposed to prolonged exposure of the heavy metals but was lost when the organisms were bred in non-contaminated water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  3. Futra D, Heng LY, Ahmad A, Surif S, Ling TL
    Sensors (Basel), 2015 May 28;15(6):12668-81.
    PMID: 26029952 DOI: 10.3390/s150612668
    A fluorescence-based fiber optic toxicity biosensor based on genetically modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was developed for the evaluation of the toxicity of several hazardous heavy metal ions. The toxic metals include Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Fe(III). The optimum fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of the optical biosensor were 400 ± 2 nm and 485 ± 2 nm, respectively. Based on the toxicity observed under optimal conditions, the detection limits of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Fe(III) that can be detected using the toxicity biosensor were at 0.04, 0.32, 0.46, 2.80, 100, 250, 400, 720 and 2600 μg/L, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed biosensor were 3.5%-4.8% RSD (relative standard deviation) and 3.6%-5.1% RSD (n = 8), respectively. The biosensor response was stable for at least five weeks, and demonstrated higher sensitivity towards metal toxicity evaluation when compared to a conventional Microtox assay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  4. Sow AY, Dee KH, Lee SW, Eh Rak AAL
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2019;2019:1615298.
    PMID: 31379469 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1615298
    High population density and economic development attributing to the changes in water quality in Pa Sak River, Lopburi River, and Mekong River have attracted great attention. This research aimed to determine the pollution of heavy metals in collected clams at three different study sites. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) may be likely to cause serious health effects on human beings. The clams sampled from three different rivers (Mekong, Pa Sak, and Lopburi) from Thailand were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Pb) with an air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Among the heavy metals studied, Zn was recorded as having the highest concentration (127.33-163.65 μg/g) among the three rivers. The observed mean concentration of Cu was in the range of 84.61-127.15 μg/g followed by Mn (13.96-100.63 μg/g), Cr (5.79-15.00 μg/g), Pb (3.43-8.55 μg/g), and Cd (0.88-1.95 μg/g). Overall, Asian clam from Pa Sak River was found to contain high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Pb compared to Mekong and Lopburi River.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  5. Fauziah SH, Emenike CU, Agamuthu P
    Waste Manag Res, 2013 Oct;31(10 Suppl):75-80.
    PMID: 23800442 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X13492840
    Pollutants put great stress on the environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem; therefore, the ease with which pollutants migrate in water is a subject of global concern. In this study, leachate from landfill that was analyzed with the objective of understanding the potential impact to the environment was tested on Pangasius sutchi. Heavy metals available at various concentrations in raw leachate samples of both closed and active landfills necessitated the determination of their degree of bioaccumulation in this fish species in order to enrich the risk data on toxicity of effluents. Zinc (3.2 µg g(-1)), iron (2.1 µg g(-1)) and chromium (0.24 µg g(-1)) detected in the fish within 96 h of acute exposure is of concern. A histopathology test on excised liver of P. sutchi indicated cellular disruption from normal stain. Heterogeneous effluents like leachate may affect not only groundwater but can endanger aquatic ecosystems, especially in some regions where improper waste disposal and treatment allow the flow of leachate into surface water courses. Though metals might be beneficial to organisms, the extent at which they can accumulate in leachate-exposed fish is a risk and can initiate metal toxicity in aquatic life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  6. Al-Shami SA, Rawi CS, Ahmad AH, Nor SA
    Toxicol Ind Health, 2012 Sep;28(8):734-9.
    PMID: 22025505 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711422729
    The genotoxic effects of increasing concentrations (below lethal concentration [LC₅₀]) of cadmium ([Cd] 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L), copper ([Cu] 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L) and zinc ([Zn] 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/L) on Chironomus kiiensis were evaluated using alkaline comet assay after exposure for 24 h. Both the tail moment and the olive tail moment showed significant differences between the control and different concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). The highest concentration of Cd was associated with higher DNA damage to C. kiiensis larvae compared with Cu and Zn. The potential genotoxicity of these metals to C. kiiensis was Cd > Cu > Zn.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  7. Shuhaimi-Othman M, Yakub N, Ramle NA, Abas A
    Toxicol Ind Health, 2011 Jul;27(6):523-30.
    PMID: 21343224 DOI: 10.1177/0748233710391993
    Adult Macrobrachium lanchesteri were exposed for a 4-day period in laboratory conditions to a range of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) concentrations. Mortality was assessed and median lethal times (LT₅₀) and concentrations (LC₅₀) were calculated. At the end of the 4-day period, live prawns were used to determine bioconcentration of the metals. LT₅₀ and LC₅₀ increased with the decrease in mean exposure concentrations and times, respectively, for all metals. LC₅₀s for 96 hours for Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb were 32.3, 7.0, 525.1 and 35.0 µg/L, respectively. Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb bioconcentration in M. lanchesteri increases with exposure to increasing concentrations and Cd was the most toxic to M. lanchesteri, followed by Pb, Cu and Zn. Comparison of LC₅₀ values for metals for this species with those for other freshwater crustacean organisms reveals that M. lanchesteri is equally or more sensitive to heavy metals than most other tested crustaceans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  8. Aroua MK, Leong SP, Teo LY, Yin CY, Daud WM
    Bioresour Technol, 2008 Sep;99(13):5786-92.
    PMID: 18023577
    In this study, the kinetics of adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto palm shell-based activated carbon (PSAC) were investigated by employing ion selective electrode (ISE) for real-time Pb(II) and pH monitoring. Usage of ISE was very appropriate for real-time adsorption kinetics data collection as it facilitated recording of adsorption data at very specific and short time intervals as well as provided consistent kinetics data. Parameters studied were initial Pb(II) concentration and agitation speed. It was found that increases in initial Pb(II) concentration and agitation speed resulted in higher initial rate of adsorption. Pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion models were used to fit the adsorption kinetics data. It was suggested that chemisorption was the rate-controlling step for adsorption of Pb(II) onto PSAC since the adsorption kinetics data fitted both the pseudo second-order and Elovich models well.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity
  9. Shuhaimi-Othman M, Nadzifah Y, Nur-Amalina R, Umirah NS
    Chemosphere, 2013 Mar;90(11):2631-6.
    PMID: 23246727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.030
    Freshwater quality criteria for copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) were developed with particular reference to aquatic biota in Malaysia, and based on USEPA's guidelines. Acute toxicity tests were performed on eight different freshwater domestic species in Malaysia, which were Macrobrachiumlanchesteri (prawn), two fish -Poeciliareticulata and Rasborasumatrana, Melanoidestuberculata (snail), Stenocyprismajor (ostracod), Chironomusjavanus (midge larvae), Naiselinguis (annelid), and Duttaphrynusmelanostictus (tadpole), to determine 96-h LC50 values for Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn. The final acute values (FAVs) for Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn were 2.5, 3.0, 977.8, and 78.3 μgL(-1), respectively. Using an estimated acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) of 8.3, the value for final chronic value (FCV) was derived. Based on FAV and FCV, a Criterion Maximum Concentration (CMC) and a criterion Continuous Concentration (CCC) for Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn of 1.3, 1.5, 488.9, and 39.1 μgL(-1) and 0.3, 0.36, 117.8, and 9.4 μgL(-1), respectively, were derived. The results of this study provide useful data for deriving national or local water quality criteria for Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn based on aquatic biota in Malaysia. Based on LC50 values, this study indicated that R.sumatrana, M.lanchesteri, C.javanus, and N.elinguis were the most sensitive to Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  10. Rahman MS, Sathasivam KV
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:126298.
    PMID: 26295032 DOI: 10.1155/2015/126298
    Biosorption process is a promising technology for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastes and effluents using low-cost and effective biosorbents. In the present study, adsorption of Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(2+), and Zn(2+) onto dried biomass of red seaweed Kappaphycus sp. was investigated as a function of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. The experimental data were evaluated by four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich) and four kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models). The adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. Functional groups in the biomass involved in metal adsorption process were revealed as carboxylic and sulfonic acids and sulfonate by Fourier transform infrared analysis. A total of nine error functions were applied to validate the models. We strongly suggest the analysis of error functions for validating adsorption isotherm and kinetic models using linear methods. The present work shows that the red seaweed Kappaphycus sp. can be used as a potentially low-cost biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Further study is warranted to evaluate its feasibility for the removal of heavy metals from the real environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity
  11. Ismail M, Phang SM, Tong SL, Brown MT
    Environ Monit Assess, 2002 Apr;75(2):145-54.
    PMID: 12002283
    Toxicity testing of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn and As) using four species of tropical marine phytoplankton, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Isochrysis galbana, Tetraselmis tetrahele and Tetraselmis sp., was carried out in multiwell plates with test volumes of 2 mL and the results compared to those of standard, large volume, shake-flasks. IC50 values (concentrations of metals estimated to inhibit 50% growth relative to the control) were determined after 96 hours based on automated O.D. readings measured in Elisa microplates by a Multiskan spectrophotometer. Good agreement was achieved between O.D. readings and cell counts indicating that this new method is a simple, economical, practical and rapid technique for toxicity testing, and provides good reproducibility of IC50 values. Results of the toxicity tests indicate that Cu was the most toxic metal (average IC50 values ranging from 0.04 to 0.37 mg L(-1)), followed by Cd (0.06-5.7 mg L(-1)), Mn (7.2-21.4 mg L(-1)) and As (33.9-319.3 mg L(-1)). Test species had different degrees of sensitivity to the metals tested, with I. galbana and C. calcitrans the most sensitive to Cu, Cd and Mn. Based on these findings it is recommended that the existing Malaysian Interim Standards for Marine Water Quality for Cd and Cu be reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  12. Razak MR, Aris AZ, Zakaria NAC, Wee SY, Ismail NAH
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2021 Mar 15;211:111905.
    PMID: 33453636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111905
    The constant increase of heavy metals into the aqueous environment has become a contemporary global issue of concern to government authorities and the public. The study assesses the concentration, distribution, and risk assessment of heavy metals in freshwater from the Linggi River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was utilised to calculate the cumulative probability distribution of toxicity from heavy metals. The aquatic organism's toxicity data obtained from the ECOTOXicology knowledgebase (ECOTOX) was used to estimate the predictive non-effects concentration (PNEC). The decreasing sequence of hazardous concentration (HC5) was manganese > aluminium > copper > lead > arsenic > cadmium > nickel > zinc > selenium, respectively. The highest heavy metal concentration was iron with a mean value of 45.77 μg L-1, followed by manganese (14.41 μg L-1) and aluminium (11.72 μg L-1). The mean heavy metal pollution index (HPI) value in this study is 11.52, implying low-level heavy metal pollutions in Linggi River. The risk quotient (RQ) approaches were applied to assess the potential risk of heavy metals. The RQ shows a medium risk of aluminium (RQm = 0.1125) and zinc (RQm = 0.1262); a low risk of arsenic (RQm = 0.0122) and manganese (RQm = 0.0687); and a negligible risk of cadmium (RQm = 0.0085), copper (RQm = 0.0054), nickel (RQm = 0.0054), lead (RQm = 0.0016) and selenium (RQm = 0.0012). The output of this study produces comprehensive pollution risk, thus provides insights for the legislators regarding exposure management and mitigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  13. Bristy MS, Sarker KK, Baki MA, Quraishi SB, Hossain MM, Islam A, et al.
    Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2021 Aug;86:103666.
    PMID: 33895355 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103666
    Metal contaminations in commercial fish have become a great public health concern worldwide including Bangladesh. The current study was conducted to provide preliminary evidence of nine metals in three commercially significant fish namely Pampus argenteus, Sardinella longiceps and Tenualosa ilisha collected from four coastal stations- Kuakata, Pathorghata, Cox's Bazar, and Pirojpur, and eight stations of five rivers- Padma, Meghna, Jamuna, Katcha, and Nobogonga in Bangladesh. High magnitudes of Pb (0.74-4.59 mg/kg ww), Cd (0.07-0.24 mg/kg ww), and Mn (0.45-2.03 mg/kg ww) were recorded in the sampling stations that exceeded the maximum permissible limits (MPL) proposed by different recognized organizations. Significant mean differences of metal concentrations were observed (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity
  14. Abdullahi S, Haris H, Zarkasi KZ, Amir HG
    J Basic Microbiol, 2021 Apr;61(4):293-304.
    PMID: 33491813 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000695
    Enterobacter tabaci 4M9 (CCB-MBL 5004) was reported to have plant growth-promoting and heavy metal tolerance traits. It was able to tolerate more than 300 mg/L Cd, 600 mg/L As, and 500 mg/L Pb and still maintained the ability to produce plant growth-promoting substances under metal stress conditions. To explore the genetic basis of these beneficial traits, the complete genome sequencing of 4M9 was carried out using Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) sequencing technology. The complete genome consisted of one chromosome of 4,654,430 bp with a GC content of 54.6% and one plasmid of 51,135 bp with a GC content of 49.4%. Genome annotation revealed several genes involved in plant growth-promoting traits, including the production of siderophore, indole acetic acid, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase; solubilization of phosphate and potassium; and nitrogen metabolism. Similarly, genes involved in heavy metals (As, Co, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Cd, and Fe) tolerance were detected. These support its potential as a heavy metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacterium and a good genetic resource that can be employed to improve phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal-contaminated soil via biotechnological techniques. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report on the complete genome sequence of heavy metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting E. tabaci.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  15. Saidur MR, Aziz AR, Basirun WJ
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2017 Apr 15;90:125-139.
    PMID: 27886599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.039
    The presence of heavy metal in food chains due to the rapid industrialization poses a serious threat on the environment. Therefore, detection and monitoring of heavy metals contamination are gaining more attention nowadays. However, the current analytical methods (based on spectroscopy) for the detection of heavy metal contamination are often very expensive, tedious and can only be handled by trained personnel. DNA biosensors, which are based on electrochemical transduction, is a sensitive but inexpensive method of detection. The principles, sensitivity, selectivity and challenges of electrochemical biosensors are discussed in this review. This review also highlights the major advances of DNA-based electrochemical biosensors for the detection of heavy metal ions such as Hg(2+), Ag(+), Cu(2+) and Pb(2+).
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity
  16. Azizi S, Mahdavi Shahri M, Mohamad R
    Molecules, 2017 Jun 08;22(6).
    PMID: 28594362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060831
    In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in zerumbone solution by a green approach and appraised for their ability to absorb Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The formation of as-synthesized NPs was established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and UV-visible studies. The XRD and TEM analyses revealed high purity and wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO NPs with a mean size of 10.01 ± 2.6 nm. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the impact of process parameters viz. Pb(II) concentration, pH of solution, adsorbent mass, solution temperature, and contact time variations on the removal efficiency of Pb(II). The adsorption isotherm data provided that the adsorption process was mainly monolayer on ZnO NPs. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic. The maximum removal efficiencies were 93% at pH 5. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔH⁰), free energy change (ΔG⁰), and entropy change (ΔS⁰) were calculated; the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The good efficiency of the as-synthesized NPs makes them attractive for applications in water treatment, for removal of heavy metals from aqueous system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity
  17. Bobaker AM, Alakili I, Sarmani SB, Al-Ansari N, Yaseen ZM
    PMID: 31159472 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111957
    Henna and walnut tree bark are widely used by Libyan women as cosmetics. They may contain lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), which, in turn, pose a high risk to their health. This study aims to determine the levels of Pb, Cd and As in henna and walnut tree bark products sold in Libyan markets. The products were analyzed for their Pb, Cd and As content by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a microwave acid digestion. The results showed a significant difference between the henna and walnut tree bark samples in terms of their heavy metals content (p < 0.05). The highest heavy metal concentrations were observed in the walnut tree bark samples whereas the lowest was observed in the henna samples. In addition, 60% of the henna and 90% of the walnut tree bark samples contained Pb levels and approximately 80% of the henna and 90% the walnut tree bark samples contained Cd levels, which are much higher than the tolerance limit. However, As concentrations in all the samples were lower. The results indicated that such cosmetics expose consumers to high levels of Pb and Cd and hence, to potential health risks. Thus, studying the sources and effects of heavy metals in such cosmetics is strongly recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity
  18. Praveena SM, Aris AZ
    Environ Geochem Health, 2018 Apr;40(2):749-762.
    PMID: 28929262 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0021-8
    This study aims to determine the status of potentially toxic element concentrations of road dust in a medium-sized city (Rawang, Malaysia). This study adopts source identification via enrichment factor, Pearson correlation analysis, and Fourier spectral analysis to identify sources of potentially toxic element concentrations in road dust in Rawang City, Malaysia. Health risk assessment was conducted to determine potential health risks (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks) among adults and children via multiple pathways (i.e., ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation). Mean of potentially toxic element concentrations were found in the order of Pb > Zn > Cr(IV) > Cu > Ni > Cd > As > Co. Source identification revealed that Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr(IV) are associated with anthropogenic sources in industrial and highly populated areas in northern and southern Rawang, cement factories in southern Rawang, as well as the rapid development and population growth in northwestern Rawang, which have resulted in high traffic congestion. Cobalt, Fe, and As are related to geological background and lithologies in Rawang. Pathway orders for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks are ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation, involving adults and children. Non-carcinogenic health risks in adults were attributed to Cr(IV), Pb, and Cd, whereas Cu, Cd, Cr(IV), Pb, and Zn were found to have non-carcinogenic health risks for children. Cd, Cr(IV), Pb, and As may induce carcinogenic risks in adults and children, and the total lifetime cancer risk values exceeded incremental lifetime.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity
  19. Abdullah N, Tair R, Abdullah MH
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2014 Jan 01;17(1):62-7.
    PMID: 24783779
    Perna viridis (P. viridis) has been identified as a good biological indicator in identifying environmental pollution, especially when there are various types of Heavy Metals Accumulations (HMA) inside its tissue. Based on the potential of P. viridis to accumulate heavy metals and the data on its physical properties, this study proffers to determine the relationships between both properties. The similarities of the physical properties are used to mathematical model their relationships, which included the size (length, width, height) and weight (wet and dry) of P. viridis, whilst the heavy metals are focused on concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd and Zn. The concentrations of metal elements are detected by using Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrometry. Results show that the mean concentration of Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, length, width, height, wet weight and dry weight are: 1.12 +/- 1.00, 2.36 +/- 1.65, 2.12 +/- 2.74, 0.44 +/- 0.41 and 16.52 +/- 10.64 mg kg(-1) (dry weight), 105.08 +/- 14.35, 41.64 +/- 4.64, 28.75 +/- 3.92 mm, 14.56 +/- 3.30 and 2.37 +/- 0.86 g, respectively. It is also found out that the relationships between the Heavy Metals Concentrations (HMA) and the physical properties can be represented using Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) models, relating that the HMA of Zinc has affected significantly the physical growth properties of P. viridis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
  20. Yap CK, Ismail A, Omar H, Tan SG
    Environ Int, 2004 Feb;29(8):1097-104.
    PMID: 14680893
    Studies on toxicities and tolerances of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the brown alga Isochrysis galbana and in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis were conducted by short-term bioassays using endpoints growth production and mortality, respectively. The 5-day EC(50) and 24-h LC(50) of these heavy metals were determined in the brown alga and mussel, respectively. The EC(50) values calculated for the alga were 0.74 mg/l for Cd, 0.91 mg/l for Cu, 1.40 mg/l for Pb and 0.60 mg/l for Zn. The LC(50) values for the mussels were 1.53 mg/l for Cd, 0.25 mg/l for Cu, 4.12 mg/l for Pb and 3.20 mg/l for Zn. These LC(50) values were within the concentration ranges as reported by other authors who used P. viridis as the test organism. Based on these EC(50) and LC(50) values, the alga was most sensitive to Zn, followed by Cd, Cu and Pb while the mussel was most sensitive to Cu, followed by Cd, Zn and Pb. Differences in the trophic levels, metal handling strategies, biology and ecology of the primary producer (brown alga) and the primary consumer (mussel) are believed to be the plausible causes for the different toxicities and tolerances of the metals studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity*
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