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Salvinia molesta dan pistia stratiotes sebagai agen fitoremediasi dalam rawatan air sisa kumbahan

Marlia M. Hanafiah, Nan Hamiza Syazira Megat Mohamad, Nur Izzah Hamna Abd. Aziz

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1625-1634.

Akumulasi logam berat dan bahan pencemar ke dalam ekosistem akuatik memberi impak negatif kepada alam sekitar dan organisma akuatik. Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes merupakan spesies yang mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan yang cepat dan berkemampuan dalam mengakumulasi logam berat dan menyerap nutrien menjadikan ia sesuai digunakan untuk merawat air sisa melalui kaedah bioteknologi iaitu fitoremediasi. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kualiti air sisa kumbahan sebelum dan selepas rawatan menggunakan kaedah fitoremediasi. Selain itu, objektif kajian ini juga adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai agen fitoremediasi bagi rawatan air sisa. Sampel tumbuhan akuatik berbeza berat iaitu 10, 20 dan 30 g diuji untuk rawatan tersebut. Ujian ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan perbezaan kadar pengurangan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen yang bererti (p<0.05) bagi 10, 20 dan 30 g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta sepanjang kajian dijalankan iaitu daripada hari 0 sehingga hari ke-7. Keputusan kajian juga menunjukkan 30 dan 20 g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta dapat menyingkirkan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen dengan lebih cepat berbanding berat tumbuhan 10 g. Ujian ANOVA satu hala juga tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang bererti bagi kadar pengurangan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen antara Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Arc controls alcohol cue relapse by a central amygdala mechanism

Pagano R, Salamian A, Zielinski J, Beroun A, Nalberczak-Skóra M, Skonieczna E, et al.

Mol Psychiatry, 2023 Feb;28(2):733-745.
PMID: 36357670 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01849-4

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic and fatal disease. The main impediment of the AUD therapy is a high probability of relapse to alcohol abuse even after prolonged abstinence. The molecular mechanisms of cue-induced relapse are not well established, despite the fact that they may offer new targets for the treatment of AUD. Using a comprehensive animal model of AUD, virally-mediated and amygdala-targeted genetic manipulations by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and ex vivo electrophysiology, we identify a mechanism that selectively controls cue-induced alcohol relapse and AUD symptom severity. This mechanism is based on activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc)/ARG3.1-dependent plasticity of the amygdala synapses. In humans, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ARC gene and their methylation predicting not only amygdala size, but also frequency of alcohol use, even at the onset of regular consumption. Targeting Arc during alcohol cue exposure may thus be a selective new mechanism for relapse prevention.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
Variasi profil 210Po dan 210Pb dalam teras sedimen di pesisir pantai perairan Sarawak

Zal Uâ€™yun Wan Mahmood, Che Abd Rahim Mohamed, Zaharudin Ahmad, Abdul Kadir Ishak

Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37.

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat variasi taburan 210Po dan 210Pb melalui profil menegak aktivitinya, serta nisbah aktiviti 210Po/210Pb di dalam teras sedimen yang diambil di beberapa stesen persampelan pesisir pantai perairan Sarawak. Didapati profil taburan radionuklid tersebut dalam teras sedimen adalah berubah-ubah mengikut lokasi persampelan dan telah dibuktikan melalui analisis ANOVA yang menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan bererti pada 95% aras keyakinan bagi aktiviti 210Po (p = 0.000), 210Pb (p = 0.035) dan 210Po/210Pb (p = 0.000) di semua lokasi kajian. Secara umumnya, aktiviti 210Po dan 210Pb yang diukur masing-masing dalam julat 337 ke 2460 Bq/kg, 11 ke 84 Bq/kg di SR 01; 224 ke 2008 Bq/kg, 6 ke 80 Bq/kg di SR 02; 119 ke 1595 Bq/kg, 6 ke 84 Bq/kg di SR 03; 241 ke 2294 Bq/kg, 5 ke 82 Bq/kg di SR 04 dan 175 ke 1340 Bq/kg, 4 ke 44 Bq/kg di SR 05. Merujuk kepada julat tersebut, didapati aktiviti 210Po adalah lebih tinggi daripada aktiviti 210Pb dengan purata nisbah 210Po/210Pb di semua stesen adalah melebihi satu, iaitu dalam julat 20 ke 35. Variasi profil taburan radionuklid tersebut dipercayai dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor sekitaran dan telah dibuktikan terdapat korelasi yang kuat di antara taburan radionuklid dengan komposisi sedimen jenis kelodak (210Po:r = 0.701 dan 210Pb: r = 0.648), kedalaman air (210Po: r = -0.647) dan jarak stesen dari daratan (210Po: r = 0.746 dan 210Pb: r = 0.975). Oleh itu, dapat disimpulkan bahawa faktor-faktor tersebut merupakan penyumbang utama ke atas perubahan yang berlaku kepada taburan 210Po dan 210Pb.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Skor pengukuran kebergunaan perisian kursus matematik berdasarkan faktor penilai

Noraidah Sahari @ Ashaari, Hairulliza Mohd Judi, Abdul Azim Abdul Ghani, Mohd Hasan Selamat, Aida Suraya Md Yunus

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan bukti kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan metrik pengukuran kebergunaan perisian kursus matematik secara psikometrik dan seterusnya membentuk rumus skor kebergunaan. Kertas ini membincangkan pembentukan rumus kebergunaan. Berdasarkan pandangan secara teori, satu model hipotesis kebergunaan dengan tiga faktor iaitu kebolehgunaan, kefungsian dan kecekapan dan 85 metrik dicadangkan. Melalui pengesahan pakar dan ujian kebolehpercayaan metrik kebergunaan dikurangkan kepada 64. Instrumen dengan 64 metrik ditadbir ke atas 620 guru matematik di lima zon di Malaysia. Mereka diminta melayari perisian kursus matematik (PKM) sambil melengkapkan instrumen. Analisis faktor penjelajahan dilakukan untuk mengesahkan konstruk kebergunaan manakala analisis faktor pengesahan dijalankan untuk membentuk model berstruktur dengan memadankan 34 metrik dengan model hipotesis. Ujian-t dan ujian ANOVA mendapati tiga pembolehubah iaitu, bidang pengkhususan guru, pengalaman menggunakan komputer dan ralat penilaian menyumbang kepada skor kebergunaan. Dapatan ini digunakan untuk membentuk rumus kebergunaan PKM.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Usaha penanaman semula pokok paya bakau: kajian ke atas Bruguiera cylindrica di Pulau Carey, Selangor

Arbain Mokhtar, Azniza Abdul Ghani, Rozainah MZ

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

Penanaman semula hutan paya bakau dipertimbangkan sebagai satu usaha terbaik bagi melindungi dan memelihara kawasan pesisir pantai. Dalam kajian ini sejumlah 180 anak benih Bruguiera cylindrica telah ditanam di kawasan pesisir pantai Pulau Carey. Dua set eksperimen daripada segi corak dan medium dilakukan dengan 3 plot replika bagi setiap rawatan dengan kaedah Blok Rawak Lengkap. Kadar keterushidupan anak bakau B. cylindrica dicatat setiap 2 minggu selama 20 minggu. Keputusan menunjukkan corak penanaman secara kelompok adalah lebih sesuai (20%). Anak bakau yang ditanam secara langsung di atas tanah menunjukkan kadar hidup yang lebih tinggi (30%). Namun ujian analisis ANOVA menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara ketiga-tiga corak taburan penanaman dan penggunaan medium yang berbeza ini terhadap keterushidupan anak bakau B. cylindrica.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Taburan, biojisim dan kedinamikan pokok sapindaceae di plot 50 ha di Hutan Simpan Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Nur 'Aqilah M, Nizam M, Latiff A

Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1523-1528.

Data bagi Sapindaceae dalam suatu plot kekal 50 ha di Hutan Simpan Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia telah diperoleh dari Institut Penyelidikan Hutan Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong dan telah diguna untuk menilai pengeluaran primer dan taburan famili. Lima bancian telah dijalankan dalam tahun 1985-2005 dan analisis data telah dijalankan ke atas bancian terakhir. Walau bagaimanapun perbandingan telah dibuat antara kelima-lima bancian untuk menentukan kevariabelan. Daripada bancian tahun 2005, 10 genus dan 18 spesies Sapindaceae telah direkodkan di dalam plot. Sejumlah 13360 dirian pokok telah dikira dan spesies yang paling banyak ialah Xerospermum noronhianum (7678 dirian). Jumlah biojisim bagi famili telah dianggarkan sebanyak 7.25 t/ha dan biojisim atas tanah tertinggi telah disumbangkan oleh X. noronhianum, dengan anggaran sebanyak 2.78 t/ha. Spesies ini juga mempunyai nilai keluasan pangkal tertinggi dengan 17.68 m2/ha. Anggaran biojisim untuk 20 tahun telah berkurangan secara signifikan (ANOVA, p<0.05) antara empat bancian. Genus yang mempunyai dirian tertinggi ialah Xerospermum (57.47%). Bagi melihat corak taburan, Indeks Taburan Morisita (Id) telah digunakan dan mendapati semua spesies mempunyai corak taburan secara rawak. Sebanyak 2292 dirian telah didapati mati (278/tahun) dan 1246 dirian baru direkodkan (172/tahun) pada tahun 2005. Secara keseluruhannya pertambahan saiz diameter bagi tempoh 20 tahun adalah sangat kecil iaitu 0.03 cm/tahun.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Change in level of classroom lighting at a special education school distortion of vision and comparison of lighting at different lighting conditions

Wan Nur ‘Amirah Ibrahim, Zainora Mohammed, Norliza Mohamad Fadzil, Sumithira Narayanasamy, Mohd ‘Izzuddin Hairol

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1835-1842.

Illumination is one of the important physical aspects that influences comfortability during learning session particularly
among visually impaired students. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in illumination level in classrooms
during learning session at Sekolah Menengah Pendidikan Khas (SMPK), Setapak. The second objective was to compare
the illumination level in the classrooms under three different lighting conditions: daylight only, with additional artificial
light and with removal of obstructions to daylight. Illumination levels in 17 classrooms was measured at one hour interval,
between 8 am to 1 pm for the first stage and 19 classrooms under three different lighting conditions from 11 am to 12 noon
for the second stage, using ILM1335 (ISO-TECH, Taiwan) digital luxmeter. Illumination level increased significantly from
8 am to 11 am (One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA: F(2.14, 34.26)=76.49, p<0 .001) and was maximum at 1 pm. The
illumination level was highest for the condition of daylight with additional artificial light (One-Way Repeated Measures
ANOVA: F(2,34)=110.51, p<0.001) compared to other conditions. Illumination levels for daylight without obstruction
was significantly higher than daylight only (pairwise comparison: p=0.001). Classroom illumination level was lowest
in the early morning. However, classroom illumination can be increased either by removing the obstructions to daylight
or with additional artificial lighting.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Roles of Sema4D and Plexin-B1 in tumor progression

Ch'ng ES, Kumanogoh A

Mol. Cancer, 2010;9:251.
PMID: 20858260 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-251

Sema4D, also known as CD100, is a protein belonging to class IV semaphorin. Its physiologic roles in the immune and nervous systems have been extensively explored. However, the roles of Sema4D have extended beyond these traditionally studied territories. Via interaction with its high affinity receptor Plexin-B1, Sema4D-Plexin-B1 involvement in tumor progression is strongly implied. Here, we critically review and delineate the Sema4D-Plexin-B1 interaction in many facets of tumor progression: tumor angiogenesis, regulation of tumor-associated macrophages and control of invasive growth. We correlate the in vitro and in vivo experimental data with the clinical study outcomes, and present a molecular mechanistic basis accounting for the intriguingly contradicting results from these recent studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism*
C-terminal splice variants of P/Q-type Ca2+ channel CaV2.1 α1 subunits are differentially regulated by Rab3-interacting molecule proteins

Hirano M, Takada Y, Wong CF, Yamaguchi K, Kotani H, Kurokawa T, et al.

J Biol Chem, 2017 06 02;292(22):9365-9381.
PMID: 28377503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.778829

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) mediate neurotransmitter release controlled by presynaptic proteins such as the scaffolding proteins Rab3-interacting molecules (RIMs). RIMs confer sustained activity and anchoring of synaptic vesicles to the VDCCs. Multiple sites on the VDCC α1 and β subunits have been reported to mediate the RIMs-VDCC interaction, but their significance is unclear. Because alternative splicing of exons 44 and 47 in the P/Q-type VDCC α1 subunit CaV2.1 gene generates major variants of the CaV2.1 C-terminal region, known for associating with presynaptic proteins, we focused here on the protein regions encoded by these two exons. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that the C-terminal domain (CTD) encoded by CaV2.1 exons 40-47 interacts with the α-RIMs, RIM1α and RIM2α, and this interaction was abolished by alternative splicing that deletes the protein regions encoded by exons 44 and 47. Electrophysiological characterization of VDCC currents revealed that the suppressive effect of RIM2α on voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI) was stronger than that of RIM1α for the CaV2.1 variant containing the region encoded by exons 44 and 47. Importantly, in the CaV2.1 variant in which exons 44 and 47 were deleted, strong RIM2α-mediated VDI suppression was attenuated to a level comparable with that of RIM1α-mediated VDI suppression, which was unaffected by the exclusion of exons 44 and 47. Studies of deletion mutants of the exon 47 region identified 17 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side of a polyglutamine stretch as being essential for the potentiated VDI suppression characteristic of RIM2α. These results suggest that the interactions of the CaV2.1 CTD with RIMs enable CaV2.1 proteins to distinguish α-RIM isoforms in VDI suppression of P/Q-type VDCC currents.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism*
Strain measurements and fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with all-ceramic restorations

Seow LL, Toh CG, Wilson NH

J Dent, 2015 Jan;43(1):126-32.
PMID: 25448436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.10.001

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the recovery of cuspal stiffness and fracture resistance in endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with bonded ceramic inlays and onlays of various designs.
METHODS: Seventy intact premolars were selected for this study; six cavity designs were investigated: (i) mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) inlay (I), (ii) MOD inlay with palatal cusp coverage (IPC), (iii) MOD onlay (O), (iv) MOD inlay with pulp chamber extension (IPE), (v) MOD inlay with palatal cusp coverage and pulp chamber extension (IPCPE), and (vi) MOD onlay with pulp chamber extension (OPE). Intact teeth acted as control. Strain gauges were attached to the buccal and palatal surfaces of the teeth to measure cuspal stiffness under static loading. All specimens were eventually subjected to compressive load to failure. Cuspal stiffness and fracture resistance data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test.
RESULTS: The I and IPE restorations restored cuspal stiffness to 75% of the sound tooth value. The O and OPE restored teeth had stiffness values greater than that of a sound tooth. The I, IPC, O, IPE, IPCPE and OPE restored teeth demonstrated fracture strength values of 938N±113 N (s.d.), 1073N±176 N and 1317N±219 N, 893N±129 N, 1062N±153 N and 1347N±191 N respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the all-ceramic onlay or inlay with palatal cusp coverage provided best biomechanical advantage in restoring an endodontically treated maxillary premolar tooth.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The onlay approach which is more conservative compared to full coverage restoration is considered an appropriate approach to the restoration of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. The addition of a pulpal extension to the all-ceramic restorations, apart from being technically challenging, was not found to offer any biomechanical advantage to the restored teeth.
KEYWORDS: Endodontically treated teeth; Fracture strengths; Inlay; Onlay; Pulp chamber extension; Strains

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Erosive potential of commonly used beverages, medicated syrup, and their effects on dental enamel with and without restoration: An in vitro study

Trivedi K, Bhaskar V, Ganesh M, Venkataraghavan K, Choudhary P, Shah S, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2015 Aug;7(Suppl 2):S474-80.
PMID: 26538901 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163508

AIM: This study evaluates erosive potential of commonly used beverages, medicated syrup, and their effects on dental enamel with and without restoration in vitro.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Test medias used in this study included carbonated beverage, noncarbonated beverage, high-energy sports drink medicated cough syrup, distilled water as the control. A total of 110 previously extracted human premolar teeth were selected for the study. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Test specimens were randomly distributed to five beverages groups and comprised 12 specimens per group. Surface roughness (profilometer) readings were performed at baseline and again, following immersion for 14 days (24 h/day). Microleakage was evaluated. The results obtained were analyzed for statistical significance using SPSS-PC package using the multiple factor ANOVA at a significance level of P < 0.05. Paired t-test, Friedman test ranks, and Wilcoxon signed ranks test.
RESULTS: For surface roughness high-energy sports drink and noncarbonated beverage showed the highly significant difference with P values of 0.000 and 0.000, respectively compared to other test media. For microleakage high-energy sports drink had significant difference in comparison to noncarbonated beverage (P = 0.002), medicated syrup (P = 0.000), and distilled water (P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: High-energy sports drink showed highest surface roughness value and microleakage score among all test media and thus greater erosive potential to enamel while medicated syrup showed least surface roughness value and microleakage among all test media.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy in a Pakistani population: A stereomicroscope versus digital caliper

Shahid F, Alam MK, Khamis MF

Eur J Dent, 2016 4 21;10(2):176-182.
PMID: 27095892 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.178299

OBJECTIVE: Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning are essential in a successful orthodontic practice. The purpose of this study is to determine and compare intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (IMTSD) using traditional digital caliper (DC) measurement on plaster dental models and stereomicroscopic digital dental models (SM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples were randomly selected from different states of Pakistan. Total 7168 variables were measured on plaster dental casts (128) and SM digital dental models (128) according to the selection criteria. For IMTSD, the 6 variable measured as for anterior tooth size (maxilla, mandibular), overall tooth size (maxilla, mandibular), Bolton's anterior ratios (BAR), and Bolton's overall ratios (BOR). The independent t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses.
RESULTS: Significant sexual disparities in the sum of anterior tooth size and overall tooth size via DC and SM methods. No significant sexual disparities for BAR and BOR. No statistically significant differences were found in BAR and BOR between DC and SM. No significant differences were found on IMTSD ratio among different arch length and arch perimeters groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Norms were developed based on DC and SM for IMTSD. Sexual disparities were observed in the sum of teeth size. However, no significant differences in BAR and BOR for IMTSD between the two methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Effects of Modified Metakaolin Using Nano-Silica on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Concrete

Shafiq N, Kumar R, Zahid M, Tufail RF

Materials (Basel), 2019 Jul 17;12(14).
PMID: 31319615 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142291

This paper discussed the effects of modified metakaolin (MK) with nano-silica (NS) on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. In the first phase, trial mixes of concrete were prepared for achieving the desired value of the 28 days compressive strength, and the charge passed in rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). In the second phase, statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results using the response surface method (RSM). The RSM was applied for optimizing the mix proportions for the required performance by exploiting the relationship between the mix characteristics and the corresponding test results. A blend of 10% MK + 1% NS as part of cement replacement exhibited the highest mechanical properties and durability characteristics of concrete; concrete mix showed that the 28-days compressive strength (CS) was 103 MPa, which was 15% greater than the CS of the control mix without MK or NS. The same mix showed more than 40% higher flexural and split-tensile strength than the control mix; also it resulted in a reduction of 73% in the rapid chloride permeability value. ANOVA technique was used for optimizing the nano-silica and metakaolin content for achieving maximum compressive strength and minimum RCPT value. Statistical analysis using ANOVA technique showed that the maximum compressive strength and lowest RCPT value could be achieved with a blend of 10% MK and 1.55% NS.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Near esophoria is associated with high myopia

Chung KM, Chong E

Clin Exp Optom, 2002 12 11;83(2):71-75.
PMID: 12472457

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that esophoria is associated with higher amounts of myopia. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four subjects were selected from the files of optometry clinics at the Department of Optometry, National University of Malaysia, from the years 1995 to 1998 inclusive. These subjects were matched in terms of age group, sex, race and near phoria group. Near phorias were determined by Maddox wing technique and were classified into three groups: more than six prism dioptres exophoria, zero to six prism dioptres exophoria and any esophorias. RESULTS: One way analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences in mean myopias between the three phoria groups (ANOVA, F(2,141) = 5.34, p < 0.01). Further analysis with the Student-Newman-Keuls test showed that the amount of myopia is significantly higher in the esophoric group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that near esophoria is associated with high myopia. This study suggests that near phoria might be an important factor in myopia development.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Sitting anthropometrics groupings of school children from grades 1 to 5

Hanani Yuhaniz, Asnawi Seraila, Suhaimi Muhammed, Abdul Hamid Saleh

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(10):0-0.
MyJurnal

This study on anthropometrics of Primary School children from grade 1 to 5 in Peninsular Malaysia involves 2310 students aged seven to eleven years old. The objectives were to analyze the differentiation of anthropometrics between children of grades 1 to 5 and grouping them to suitable levels in which they are appropriate to propose chair dimensions. A multi-stage sampling method was used, and rural and urban areas were also included in providing anthropometric database that represents the whole Peninsular Malaysia population. There were six dimensions measured in this study, which are sitting shoulder, sitting subscapular height, sitting elbow height, hip width, buttock-popliteal length and popliteal height. All the measurements were chosen to represent dimensions needed to construct ergonomic school chair. From the results, ANOVA showed p-values of

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Morphometric and morphological study of mental foramen in the Malaysian population: anatomy and forensic implications

Aspalilah Alias, AbdelNasser Ibrahim, Siti Noorain Abu Bakar, Mohamed Swarhib Shafie, Faridah Mohd Nor, Srijit Das

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):47-53.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The mental foramen is present on either side of the body of the mandible bone. This foramen
transmits mental vessels and nerves. In forensic anthropology, mental foramen may be important for
differentiating sex, estimating age and identifying various races based on morphology. The main aim of the
present study was to determine the position, shape and diameter of the mental foramen according to sex,
age and race by postmortem computed tomography in the Malaysian population.

Materials and Methods: A total of 79 dentulous patients (48 males, 31 females) from 3 age groups (18-30 years, 31– 50 years, 51-74
years) were selected for this study, and ten parameters were observed for each mandible. The parameters
were divided into two morphological and eight morphometric parameters. The morphometric parameters
were measured by using Osirix MD Software 3D Volume Rendering.

Results: Results showed that mandibular
body length and height were significantly greater in males than in females by independent t-test. (p< 0.05).
However, the mandibular body height was found to decrease significantly with age in both sexes by one-way
Anova. It was observed that the shape of mental foramen was 45.6% oval and 54.4% rounded. About 44.3% of
them were in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar tooth.

Conclusion: It was concluded that
mental foramen may be used for identification purposes, particularly for sex, age and race determination.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Flexural and morphological properties of newly developed glass ionomer cement (GIC) with the incorporation of 3-acetylcoumarin

Azlisham, N.A.F., Abdul Rahman, F.S., Mohamad, D.

Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, 2015;11(1):11-15.
MyJurnal

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of incorporation of 3- acetylcoumarin (3-AC), an antibacterial agent, on the mechanical and surface morphology of glass ionomer cement (GIC). A conventional GIC, Fuji II LC, was used as a control. 3-AC was incorporated into GIC during its manipulation at percentage of 2% and 5% (wt/wt). Flexural strength of the specimens were analysed using Shimadzu AGX-Plus while morphological evaluation of the specimens were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Oneway analysis (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni multiple-range test was used to determine the significant differences among the groups. Statistically, the incorporation of 2% (wt/wt) of 3-AC into GIC showed a significantly lower flexural strength (p

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Optimisation of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) for Biobutanol Production Using Pretreated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Md Razali NAA, Ibrahim MF, Kamal Bahrin E, Abd-Aziz S

Molecules, 2018 Aug 03;23(8).
PMID: 30081514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081944

This study was conducted in order to optimise simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for biobutanol production from a pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Temperature, initial pH, cellulase loading and substrate concentration were screened using one factor at a time (OFAT) and further statistically optimised by central composite design (CCD) using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. Approximately 2.47 g/L of biobutanol concentration and 0.10 g/g of biobutanol yield were obtained after being screened through OFAT with 29.55% increment (1.42 fold). The optimised conditions for SSF after CCD were: temperature of 35 °C, initial pH of 5.5, cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g-substrate and substrate concentration of 5% (w/v). This optimisation study resulted in 55.95% increment (2.14 fold) of biobutanol concentration equivalent to 3.97 g/L and biobutanol yield of 0.16 g/g. The model and optimisation design obtained from this study are important for further improvement of biobutanol production, especially in consolidated bioprocessing technology.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Online shopping practices and factors influencing

Farhan Mat Arisah, Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari, Ahmad Hariza Hashim

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(3):111-123.
MyJurnal

Online shopping has been preferred over the conventional shopping methods as the results of hectic
lifestyles nowadays. It is a convenient way to get groceries without having to queue at the counters.
The objective of this research is to study the online shopping practices and the factors that affect it.
Apart from that, it is also to identify the difference in online shopping behaviour among selected
background factors (sex, social status, generation, ethnic, household income, education level and zone).
The populations of this research include consumers of 17 years old and above whose chosen by
convenience through mall intercept method. T-test result shows there is significant difference (t=-
3.156, p=0.001) for online shopping practice between men and women. Meanwhile, based on ANOVA result, it shows that there is significant difference between mean scores of different generation [F(3,
1298)= 3.475, p = 0.016], ethnics [F(4, 1291)= 3.678, p = 0.006] and household income [F (4, 1227)=
6.935, p = 0.000]. However, there is no significant difference among mean scores for education level,
zones and stratum (p>0.05). Apart from that, the result also indicates that only five factors taken into
consideration before a particular customer does the online shopping which are safety, products offered,
risk, trustworthy and customers experience. Thus, the sellers should approach their customers in
different ways in order to meet the demand, hence expanding their bussiness.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins
Fulltext Microleakage evaluation in teeth restored with experimental dental nanocomposite

Rana K. Al-Bayati, Rao, Gururajaprasad Kaggal Lakshmana, Dasmawati Mohamad, Azman Seeni, Norehan Mokhtar

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(102):1-6.
MyJurnal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the experimental nanocomposite (Kelfil) against microleakage when bonded with two different types of bonding systems. Methods: Sixty sound extracted human permanent incisors were divided into six groups randomly. Each tooth was prepared with standardised Class III cavity on each proximal surface. The teeth were immersed in Rhodamin B dye for ten hours and sectioned to analyse the depth of dye penetration. The depth of the dye penetration was measured in micrometres by using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Results: The depth of the dye penetration in the groups was compared by ANOVA test. The results showed comparable microleakage between different types of composites. Conclusion: The experimental nanocomposite (Kelfil) in comparison to the commercially available nanocomposite and micro-hybrid composite has comparable microleakage when bonded using self-etching and total-etched adhesive systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Nerve Tissue Proteins

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