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  1. The law and medicine--the right to healthcare and treatment
    George VC
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58 Suppl A:19-22.
    PMID: 14556347
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence*
  2. Fulltext Should doctors apologize and disclose medical errors?
    Aimi Nadia Mohd Yusof
    Medical Health Reviews, 2009;2009(2):5-16.
    MyJurnal
    No vaccination is available to provide doctors with the immunity from errors and mistakes. Humans make mistakes everyday and eventually doctors will make mistakes or errors during their practice. Therefore, knowing how to handle the mistakes is crucial in improving patient safety and management. Disclosure of errors can be argued to play a significant role in respecting the patients’ rights and interest. We need to know that in a doctor-patient relationship, trust and vulnerability exist. If errors occur and doctors try to keep patients away from the truth, patients may no longer maintain their trust and this could lead to a negative turn in the relationship. Moreover, if errors are disclosed, doctors then may face a legal and ethical dilemma on whether to apologize for the errors made. This issue of apology has created debates among health professionals and lawyers in searching for the best answer. Apology can be a powerful tool to reconcile relationships but at the same time can also be a tool of deception.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  3. Honouring Wishes of Patients: An Islamic View on the Implementation of the Advance Medical Directive in Malaysia
    Malek MM, Saifuddeen SM, Abdul Rahman NN, Yusof ANM, Abdul Majid WR
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Apr;28(2):28-38.
    PMID: 33958958 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.3
    An Advance Medical Directive (AMD) is a document in which competent patients express their wishes regarding their preferred choice of future medical plans in the event they become incompetent. AMD is important in relation to the patient's right to refuse treatment. However, they must also consider cultural and religious values of different communities. In Islam, there are several concerns that need to be addressed, namely the validity of the AMD according to Islamic jurisprudence and patients' right to end-of-life decision-making. To address these concerns, this article refers to multiple sources of Islamic jurisprudence, such as the Quran, the tradition of Prophet Muhammad and the works of Islamic scholars related to this topic. Based on the findings, Islam does not forbid the use of AMD as a method to honour patients' wishes in their end-of-life care. Islamic jurisprudence emphasises on the importance of seeking patients' consent before carrying out any medical procedures. However, several conditions need to be given due attention, such as: i) a patient's cognitive capacity during the process of drawing up an AMD; ii) the professional views of medical experts; iii) the involvement of family members in end-of-life care and iv) the limitations of a patient's decision-making in creating an AMD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  4. Recognising patients' rights: patchy progress
    Kaur S, Herxheimer A
    Lancet, 1994 Jan 15;343(8890):132.
    PMID: 7904000
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights*
  5. Fulltext Hospitalized Patients' Awareness Of Their Rights-A Cross Sectional Survey In A Public And Private Tertiary Care Hospitals Of Punjab, Pakistan
    Tabassum T, Ashraf M, Thaver I
    J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 2016 Jul-Sep;28(3):582-586.
    PMID: 28712241
    BACKGROUND: The awareness of patient's rights is negligible in developing countries where no legal framework is present to protect these rights and Pakistan is no exception. Not only is there an absence of legal structure for protection of patients' rights, but the enforcement and implementation for existing law is also questionable. Pakistan has an Islamic Charter of Medical and Health Ethics which includes the medical behaviour and physician's rights and duties towards the patients. Despite all these charters on patients' rights, there is little to no awareness regarding these rights and their practice remains low in healthcare system of Pakistan. This assessment of awareness among patients about their rights will guide in formulating recommendations to improve the existing system of healthcare delivery in the country.

    METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in two hospitals in Lahore, each belonging to public and private sector. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from patients. A total of 220 patients were selected to participate in the study, 110 belonging to each private and public hospital.

    RESULTS: The findings indicate that most of the patients (64%) were not aware of their rights. The awareness level was better in patients seeking care from private hospital than those from public hospital. Education, monthly income and type of hospital utilized were found to be positively associated with the level of awareness. Most of the patients were not satisfied with the practices of their rights, especially in public hospitals.

    CONCLUSIONS: The lack of awareness regarding the rights of a patient was more common in patients of public/government hospitals compared to private hospitals. A nation-wide healthcare education program is needed to increase awareness and practice of patients' rights in the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights*
  6. Fulltext Severe epistaxis in pregnancy due to nasal pyogenic granuloma: A case report
    Mohd Yusof J, Abd Halim A, Wan Hamizan AK
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2020 Aug;15(4):334-337.
    PMID: 32982639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.007
    Mild to severe epistaxis is common in pregnancy and often results from increased vascularity of the nasal mucosa and hormonal changes. Symptoms may occur in the absence of an obvious local cause or any systemic disorder; however, thorough otolaryngological (i.e., "ENT") evaluation is always warranted. Pyogenic granuloma or lobular capillary haemangioma is a benign fibrovascular proliferative tumour that is commonly found on the face, fingers, lips, and nasal mucosa. Pregnancy-induced pyogenic granuloma is not an uncommon entity and may result in torrential epistaxis if untreated. Managing a case of severe epistaxis during pregnancy usually requires multidisciplinary management. The authors present a case of severe epistaxis in pregnancy that necessitated examination of the nasal cavity under general anaesthesia. Intraoperative findings showed a bluish-red mass occupying the patient's right maxillary sinus. Bleeding was arrested and complete haemostasis was achieved. The nasal pyogenic granuloma completely resolved in the post-partum period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  7. Identification of patients' rights to benefit from consumer health information services: A Delphi study
    Ashrafi-Rizi H, Shahrzadi L, Dehghani-Champiri Z
    J Educ Health Promot, 2019;8:102.
    PMID: 31143819 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_18_19
    INTRODUCTION: Patients have different rights, one of which is their right to access health information. The aim of this study was to identify patients' rights to benefit from consumer health information services using a qualitative method.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method was qualitative using a Delphi technique. The statistical population consisted of 12 specialists in the field of medical library and information science and researchers and healthcare professionals. Eight dimensions and 42 items of patients' rights were identified and were approved by Delphi panel.

    RESULTS: Regarding patients' rights to benefit from consumer health information services, eight dimensions including the right to health knowledge, the right to access to health information, the professional behavior of medical librarians with patients, content richness, information seeking skills, awareness of new services and products, the ease of using health information centers, and the professional behavior of healthcare professionals with patients were identified and approved.

    CONCLUSION: Decreasing the gap between the health literacy of healthcare professionals and patients is one of the duties of medical librarians and health information professionals. Establishing of patient rights in the area of utilizing health information services is an important step in improving the quality of services received by patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  8. Fulltext The pyramid of patient advocacy: a practical model among muslim nurses
    Mortell, Manfred, Khatijah L. Abdullah, Chean Ahmad, Al Mutair, Adel F.M.
    The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 2018;9(3):26-32.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Patient advocacy is a central concept for the profession of nursing as it assures patient rights and safety. This article presents the findings from a study which explored the perceptions of patient advocacy from Muslim ICU nurses. Methods and participants: Our study utilized a constructivist grounded theory approach. Thirteen registered intensive care nurses from an adult critical care setting in a tertiary academic teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, participated in the study. The researcher employed semi-structured interviews that were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim, with an additional data collection strategy of reflective journaling. A reflective journal was provided to all study participants following each interview. Results: The study generated codes which connected to vulnerable patients, and subsequently identified a core category of “Caring critically” which was exemplified by six additional inter-related advocacy categories of “Essential caring”; “Vulnerable-acy”; “Familial-acy”; “Cultural-acy”; “Religion-acy”; and “Human-acy”. These categories generated the model for patient advocacy. Conclusion: The pyramid of patient advocacy can be applied in clinical practice to guide Muslim nurses, in addition to being utilized in the educational setting as a standard to teach registered nurses about the role and responsibilities of a patient advocate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  9. Rights of patients: comparative perspectives from five countries
    Blum JD, Talib N, Carstens P, Nasser M, Tomkin D, McAuley A
    Med Law, 2003;22(3):451-71.
    PMID: 14626880
    Recognition and articulation of patient rights are core issues in the medical jurisprudence of most nations. While the nature of rights in medical care may vary from country to country, reflecting the idiosyncrasies of domestic law and health delivery, there are commonalities in this area of law that cut across borders. This paper presents five case studies in the patient rights area from Malaysia, Ireland, South Africa, Indonesia and the United States, respectively. The case discussions range from ongoing and fundamental concerns over broad patient rights issues, such as access to health care and informed consent, to rights concerns of those suffering from HIV/AIDS, to a novel consideration over ethical and legal issues concerning ownership of infant organs. It is the hope of the authors that individually, and collectively, the cases will provide helpful insights into this core area of medical law.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence*
  10. Fulltext Hospitalised patients' awareness of their rights: a cross-sectional survey from a tertiary care hospital on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia
    Yousuf RM, Fauzi AR, How SH, Akter SF, Shah A
    Singapore Med J, 2009 May;50(5):494-9.
    PMID: 19495519
    Optimal patient care varies considerably from place to place and is influenced by scientific as well as social developments. The purpose of this study was to investigate awareness and pertinent issues regarding informed consent among hospitalised patients and to determine lapses, in order to improve the standard of care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence*
  11. Patient confidentiality, ethics and licensing in telemedicine
    Yadav H, Lin WY
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2001;13 Suppl:S36-8.
    PMID: 12109246
    Telemedicine is fast becoming popular in many countries in the world. It has several advantages such as being cost saving and providing better access to health care in the remote areas in many parts of the world. However, it has some disadvantages as well. One of the major problems is the problem of patients' rights and confidentiality in the use of telemedicine. There are no standard guidelines and procedures in the practice of telemedicine as yet. Both the patient and the physician are unsure of the standard of practice and how to maintain confidentiality. The patient is uncertain as to how to protect her/his rights in the use of telemedicine. The issue of litigation is also unclear as to where the physician is practicing when he/she uses telemedicine. Is she/he practicing in the country where the patient is or is the physician practicing in the country of her/his origin? These issues need to be addressed urgently so that telemedicine will have standards of ethical practice and the patient's rights and confidentiality will be protected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  12. The Malaysian Telehealth Flagship Application: a national approach to health data protection and utilisation and consumer rights
    Mohan J, Razali Raja Yaacob R
    Int J Med Inform, 2004 Mar 31;73(3):217-27.
    PMID: 15066550
    Telehealth refers to the integration of information, telecommunication, human-machine interface technologies and health technologies to deliver health care, to promote the heath status of the people and to create health. The Malaysian Telehealth Application will, on completion, provide every resident of the country an electronic Lifetime Health Record (LHR) and Lifetime Health Plan (LHP). He or she will also hold a smart card that will contain a subset of the data in the Lifetime Health Record. These will be the means by which Malaysians will receive "seamless continuous quality care" across a range of health facilities and health care providers, and by which Malaysia's health goal of a nation of "healthy individuals, families and communities" is achieved. The challenges to security and privacy in providing access to an electronic Lifetime Health Record at private and government health facilities and to the electronic Lifetime Health Plan at homes of consumers require not only technical mechanisms but also national policies and practices addressing threats while facilitating access to health data during health encounters in different care settings. Organisational policies establish the goals that technical mechanisms serve. They should outline appropriate uses and access to information, create mechanisms for preventing and detecting violations, and set sanctions for violations. Some interesting innovations have been used to address these issues against the background of the launching of the multimedia supercorridor (MSC) in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  13. Perspectives in tackling medico-legal controversies. Proceedings of the Commonwealth Medico-Legal Conference. January, 17-19, 2003
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58 Suppl A:1-150.
    PMID: 14692413
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  14. Structured student-generated videos for first-year students at a dental school in Malaysia
    Omar H, Khan SA, Toh CG
    J Dent Educ, 2013 May;77(5):640-7.
    PMID: 23658411
    Student-generated videos provide an authentic learning experience for students, enhance motivation and engagement, improve communication skills, and improve collaborative learning skills. This article describes the development and implementation of a student-generated video activity as part of a knowledge, observation, simulation, and experience (KOSE) program at the School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It also reports the students' perceptions of an activity that introduced first-year dental students (n=44) to clinical scenarios involving patients and dental team aiming to improve professional behavior and communication skills. The learning activity was divided into three phases: preparatory phase, video production phase, and video-watching. Students were organized into five groups and were instructed to generate videos addressing given clinical scenarios. Following the activity, students' perceptions were assessed with a questionnaire. The results showed that 86 percent and 88 percent, respectively, of the students agreed that preparation of the activity enhanced their understanding of the role of dentists in provision of health care and the role of enhanced teamwork. In addition, 86 percent and 75 percent, respectively, agreed that the activity improved their communication and project management skills. Overall, the dental students perceived that the student-generated video activity was a positive experience and enabled them to play the major role in driving their learning process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
  15. Fulltext An international survey of medical ethics curricula in Asia
    Miyasaka M, Akabayashi A, Kai I, Ohi G
    J Med Ethics, 1999 Dec;25(6):514-21.
    PMID: 10635508
    SETTING: Medical ethics education has become common, and the integrated ethics curriculum has been recommended in Western countries. It should be questioned whether there is one, universal method of teaching ethics applicable worldwide to medical schools, especially those in non-Western developing countries.
    OBJECTIVE: To characterise the medical ethics curricula at Asian medical schools.
    DESIGN: Mailed survey of 206 medical schools in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Australia and New Zealand.
    PARTICIPANTS: A total of 100 medical schools responded, a response rate of 49%, ranging from 23%-100% by country.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of integration of the ethics programme into the formal medical curriculum was measured by lecture time; whether compulsory or elective; whether separate courses or unit of other courses; number of courses; schedule; total length, and diversity of teachers' specialties.
    RESULTS: A total of 89 medical schools (89%) reported offering some courses in which ethical topics were taught. Separate medical ethics courses were mostly offered in all countries, and the structure of vertical integration was divided into four patterns. Most deans reported that physicians' obligations and patients' rights were the most important topics for their students. However, the evaluation was diverse for more concrete topics.
    CONCLUSION: Offering formal medical ethics education is a widespread feature of medical curricula throughout the study area. However, the kinds of programmes, especially with regard to integration into clinical teaching, were greatly diverse.
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Rights
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