Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 42 in total

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  1. Vythilingam I, Keokenchan K, Phommakot S, Nambanya S, Inthakone S
    PMID: 11485101
    Malaria vector surveys were carried out in 8 provinces in Lao PDR in 1999. The surveys were conducted in 4 provinces - Savannakhet, Champasak, Luang Perbang and Sayaboury in May and in another 4 provinces - Bolikhamsay, Sarvan, Sekong and Vientiane in December 1999. Bare leg collection were carried out indoors and outdoors from 6 pm to 5 am. All anopheline mosquitos were identified, dissected and the gut, gland and ovaries were examined. A total of 438 Anopheles mosquitos belonging to 19 species were obtained. Of these only 3 species were found to be infected with oocysts - An. maculatus, An. dirus and An. minimus. All these species were found biting both indoors and outdoors. An. aconitus was the predominant species obtained in the December collection but its vectorial status remains unknown.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification
  2. Fong YL, Liat LB, Colley FC
    PMID: 4432107
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  3. Dasgupta B, Nandalal P
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1974;68(2):173.
    PMID: 4460305
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  4. Cheong WH, Sandosham AA, Coombs GL, Omar AH
    Med J Malaya, 1965 Sep;20(1):52.
    PMID: 4379047
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  5. Dissanaike AS, Fernando MA, Poopalachelvam M
    PMID: 4432108
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  6. Fong YL, Cadigan FC, Coatney GR
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1971;65(6):839-40.
    PMID: 5003320
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification
  7. Killick-Kendrick R, Garnham PC, Cheong WH, Cadigan FC, Peters W, Rajapaksa N
    PMID: 4652473
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  8. Das SK, Strauss JM, Chee CT
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):323.
    PMID: 4224342
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification
  9. Skippon J, Garnham PC
    PMID: 4204752 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(73)90254-x
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  10. Islam S, Rahman MK, Ferdous J, Rahman M, Akter S, Faraque MO, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Dec 01;37(4):842-851.
    PMID: 33612737 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.842
    Hemoprotozoans are important pathogens of animals and humans, among which some species have zoonotic significance. The prevalence of different hemoprotozoa and Anaplasma spp. in larger mammals have been reported from different regions of the world. But, very few studies have been conducted to estimate the prevalence of hemoprotozoa in rodents and shrews of South-East Asia. The study assessed the prevalence of hemoprotozoa and Anaplasma spp. in rodents and shrews of Bangladesh. Blood samples (n=451) were collected from rodents and shrews between June 2011 and June 2013 and July-December 2015 from 4 land gradients of Bangladesh. Giemsa-stained blood smears revealed that 13% of animals were harboring hemoprotozoa (4.7% Babesia spp., 0.67% Plasmodium spp.), and Anaplasma spp. (7.5%). The study may serve as a guide for future hemoparasitic research of rodents and shrews.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  11. Van Hong N, van den Eede P, Van Overmeir C, Vythilingham I, Rosanas-Urgell A, Vinh Thanh P, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2013 Oct;89(4):721-3.
    PMID: 23980132 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0027
    We have modified an existing semi-nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by adding one Plasmodium knowlesi-specific nested PCR, and validated the latter against laboratory and clinical samples. This new method has the advantage of being relatively affordable in low resource settings while identifying the five human Plasmodium species with a three-step PCR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  12. Josephine FP, Nissapatorn V
    PMID: 16438183
    This retrospective and descriptive study was carried out in the University of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) from January to September, 2004. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the Cell-Dyn 4000 hematology analyzer's depolarization analysis and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this technique in the context of malaria diagnosis. A total of 889 cases presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin or clinically suspected of malaria were examined. Sixteen of these blood samples were found to be positive; 12 for P. vivax, 3 for P. malariae, and 1 for P. falciparum by peripheral blood smear as the standard technique for parasite detection and species identification. Demographic characteristics showed that the majority of patients were in the age range of 20-57 with a mean of 35.9 (+/- SD) 11.4 years, and male foreign workers. Of these, 16 positive blood samples were also processed by Cell-Dyne 4000 analyzer in the normal complete blood count (CBC) operational mode. Malaria parasites produce hemozoin, which depolarizes light and this allows the automated detection of malaria during routine complete blood count analysis with the Abbot Cell-Dyn CD4000 instrument. The white blood cell (WBC) differential plots of all malaria positive samples showed abnormal depolarization events in the NEU-EOS and EOS I plots. This was not seen in the negative samples. In 12 patients with P. vivax infection, a cluster pattern in the Neu-EOS and EOS I plots was observed, and appeared color-coded green or black. In 3 patients with P. malariae infection, few random depolarization events in the NEU-EOS and EOS I plots were seen, and appeared color-coded green, black or blue. While in the patient with P. falciparum infection, the sample was color-coded green with a few random purple depolarizing events in the NEU-EOS and EOS I plots. This study confirms that automated depolarization analysis is a highly sensitive and specific method to diagnose whether or not a patient has malaria. This automated approach may prove to be particularly useful in situations where there is little or no clinical suspicion of malaria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  13. Jamaiah I, Rohela M, Nissapatorn V, Khoo BL, Khoo PS, Radhiyah M, et al.
    PMID: 16438181
    Malaria is still one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Malaysia, particularly in remote areas. This retrospective study was carried out to find the prevalence of malaria among patients admitted to UMMC Kuala Lumpur, from 1994-2003. A total of 86 malaria cases were analyzed. Most cases occurred among foreigners [57% (49 cases)] while Malaysians constituted 43% (37 cases). Among foreigners, Indonesians constituted the most [57% (28 cases)]. Among Malaysians, most cases occurred among the Chinese [35% (13 cases)] followed by the Malays [30% (11 cases)]. Males [70%(60 cases)] were more commonly affected. The majority of cases were within the 20-39 year age group (69%). Three species of malaria parasites were reported, of which Plasmodium vivax constituted the most [55%( 47 cases)], followed by Plasmodium falciparum [29% (25 cases)], and only four cases (5%) of Plasmodium malariae. Nine percent (8 cases) were mixed infections. In this study, 12%(10 cases) developed chloroquine resistance: 7 cases of P. falciparum, and 3 cases of P. vivax. The most common complications were jaundice and anemia [77% (23 cases)], followed by blackwater fever [13% (4 cases)] and cerebral malaria [10% (3 cases)]. Most of the complications were due to P. falciparum [43% (13 cases)]. There were no reported deaths. This new source of malaria coming from foreigners must be given serious attention, as it has great potential of increasing malaria cases in urban Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  14. Chang MS, Doraisingam P, Hardin S, Nagum N
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1995 Jun;98(3):192-8.
    PMID: 7783279
    Entomological investigations on malaria and bancroftian filariasis transmission were carried out in the endemic area of Baram District, Sarawak. The Anopheles composition, survival and infection rates of malaria and filariasis were compared in the village and 0.5 km from the village ecotype, in forested areas. Anopheles leucosphyrus, An. barbirostris and An. donaldi are the vectors for malaria and bancroftian filariasis in both ecotypes. Biting and infection rates vary, but An. leucosphyrus differed with a peak around midnight in the forested area and soon after dusk in the village setting. The parous rate of An. leucosphyrus was significantly higher in the forest ecotype (P < 0.0001); however, the proportion of 3-parous and older was not overall higher in the forest ecotype (P = 0.68). The entomological inoculation of malaria parasites by An. leucosphyrus was comparatively higher in the forested areas (P > 0.5). The implications of malaria and filariasis transmission in the forested areas in Baram District are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification
  15. Win SY, Chel HM, Hmoon MM, Htun LL, Bawm S, Win MM, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2020 Dec;212:105719.
    PMID: 32976841 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105719
    Village chicken production, a traditional, small-scale, and extensive backyard poultry industry, has been profitable for local farmers in Myanmar. However, there is scanty information available concerning the infection of these chickens with avian pathogens, including haemoprotozoan parasites. In the present study, we provide the first report of microscopic detection and molecular identification of Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium parasites from seven different areas of Myanmar. Leucocytozoon gametocytes were detected in 17.6% (81/461) of the blood smears from village chickens. The nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for targeting Leucocytozoon mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) genes had a 17.6% positive rate. Although the positive rate of nested PCR targeting Plasmodium/Haemoproteus cyt b was 34.3%, the PCR protocol was observed to possibly amplify DNA of a certain species of Leucocytozoon. There were no obvious clinical signs in the infected birds. Statistical analysis of the microscopic detection and PCR detection rates using the age and sex of birds as internal factors revealed that the statistical significances differed according to the study area. The sequencing of 32 PCR products obtained from each study area revealed infection by Leucocytozoon caulleryi in three birds, Leucocytozoon sabrazesi in two birds, Leucocytozoon schoutedeni in two birds, Leucocytozoon sp. in eighteen birds, and Plasmodium juxtanucleare in seven birds; however, Haemoproteus infection was not detected. While L. sabrazesi was detected in chickens from the central region of Myanmar, the other haemosporidians were detected in those from different areas. In the haplotype analysis, we detected 17 haemosporidian cyt b haplotypes, including two for L. caulleryi, one for L. sabrazesi, two for L. schoutedeni, nine for Leucocytozoon sp., and three for P. juxtanucleare. Phylogenetic analysis of the cyt b haplotypes revealed a considerably close genetic relationship among chicken haemosporidians detected in Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. These results indicate that well-recognized widespread species of chicken Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium are distributed nationwide in Myanmar, providing new insights into the ecosystem and control strategies of haemosporidian parasites in domesticated chickens in Myanmar.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  16. Fungfuang W, Udom C, Tongthainan D, Kadir KA, Singh B
    Malar J, 2020 Oct 01;19(1):350.
    PMID: 33004070 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03424-0
    BACKGROUND: Certain species of macaques are natural hosts of Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi, which can both cause malaria in humans, and Plasmodium inui, which can be experimentally transmitted to humans. A significant number of zoonotic malaria cases have been reported in humans throughout Southeast Asia, including Thailand. There have been only two studies undertaken in Thailand to identify malaria parasites in non-human primates in 6 provinces. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui, Plasmodium coatneyi and Plasmodium fieldi in non-human primates from 4 new locations in Thailand.

    METHODS: A total of 93 blood samples from Macaca fascicularis, Macaca leonina and Macaca arctoides were collected from four locations in Thailand: 32 were captive M. fascicularis from Chachoengsao Province (CHA), 4 were wild M. fascicularis from Ranong Province (RAN), 32 were wild M. arctoides from Prachuap Kiri Khan Province (PRA), and 25 were wild M. leonina from Nakornratchasima Province (NAK). DNA was extracted from these samples and analysed by nested PCR assays to detect Plasmodium, and subsequently to detect P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi.

    RESULTS: Twenty-seven of the 93 (29%) samples were Plasmodium-positive by nested PCR assays. Among wild macaques, all 4 M. fascicularis at RAN were infected with malaria parasites followed by 50% of 32 M. arctoides at PRA and 20% of 25 M. leonina at NAK. Only 2 (6.3%) of the 32 captive M. fascicularis at CHA were malaria-positive. All 5 species of Plasmodium were detected and 16 (59.3%) of the 27 macaques had single infections, 9 had double and 2 had triple infections. The composition of Plasmodium species in macaques at each sampling site was different. Macaca arctoides from PRA were infected with P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi.

    CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and species of Plasmodium varied among the wild and captive macaques, and between macaques at 4 sampling sites in Thailand. Macaca arctoides is a new natural host for P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. coatneyi and P. fieldi.

    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  17. Alias SN, Sahimin N, Edah MA, Mohd-Zain SN
    Trop Biomed, 2014 Jun;31(2):230-40.
    PMID: 25134892 MyJurnal
    A total of 719 wild rats were captured from four localities representing the west (Kuala Lumpur), east (Kuantan), north (Georgetown) and south (Malacca) to determine the diversity of blood protozoan from the urban wild rat population in peninsular Malaysia. Five rat species were recovered with Rattus rattus diardii being the most dominant species, followed by Rattus norvegicus, Rattus exulans, Rattus annandalei and Rattus argentiventer. Two blood protozoan species were found infecting the rodent population namely, Plasmodium sp. (42.1%) and Trypanosoma lewisi (25.0%). This study reports the presence of Plasmodium sp. for the first time in the rodent population in Malaysia. Two main intrinsic factors were identified affecting the parasitic infections. Trypanosoma lewisi infections were influenced by host age and sex with infections observed higher in male and juvenile rats meanwhile Plasmodium sp. infections were observed almost similar in both sexes. However, infections were higher in sub-adult rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  18. Zhang X, Kadir KA, Quintanilla-Zariñan LF, Villano J, Houghton P, Du H, et al.
    Malar J, 2016 09 02;15(1):450.
    PMID: 27590474 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1494-0
    BACKGROUND: Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi are two malaria parasites naturally transmissible between humans and wild macaque through mosquito vectors, while Plasmodium inui can be experimentally transmitted from macaques to humans. One of their major natural hosts, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), is host to two other species of Plasmodium (Plasmodium fieldi and Plasmodium coatneyi) and is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. This study aims to determine the distribution of wild macaques infected with malarial parasites by examining samples derived from seven populations in five countries across Southeast Asia.

    METHODS: Plasmodium knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi, P. inui and P. fieldi, were detected using nested PCR assays in DNA samples from 276 wild-caught long-tailed macaques. These samples had been derived from macaques captured at seven locations, two each in the Philippines (n = 68) and Indonesia (n = 70), and one each in Cambodia (n = 54), Singapore (n = 40) and Laos (n = 44). The results were compared with previous studies of malaria parasites in long-tailed macaques from other locations in Southeast Asia. Fisher exact test and Chi square test were used to examine the geographic bias of the distribution of Plasmodium species in the macaque populations.

    RESULTS: Out of 276 samples tested, 177 were Plasmodium-positive, with P. cynomolgi being the most common and widely distributed among all long-tailed macaque populations (53.3 %) and occurring in all populations examined, followed by P. coatneyi (20.4 %), P. inui (12.3 %), P. fieldi (3.4 %) and P. knowlesi (0.4 %). One P. knowlesi infection was detected in a macaque from Laos, representing the first documented case of P. knowlesi in wildlife in Laos. Chi square test showed three of the five parasites (P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi) with significant bias in prevalence towards macaques from Malaysian Borneo, Cambodia, and Southern Sumatra, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malaria parasites, including those that are transmissible to humans, varied among all sampled regional populations of long-tailed macaques in Southeast Asia. The new discovery of P. knowlesi infection in Laos, and the high prevalence of P. cynomolgi infections in wild macaques in general, indicate the strong need of public advocacy in related countries.

    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
  19. Collins WE, Warren M, Skinner JC, Fredericks HJ
    Bull World Health Organ, 1968;39(3):451-63.
    PMID: 4882987
    The fluorescent antibody (FA) technique was used to detect the presence of malarial antibody in populations living in 3 different ecological areas of Malaysia. Serum samples were tested using Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. fieldi antigens. An area of hyperendemic malaria had a good correlation between the antibody responses and active parasitaemias. The percentage and intensity of responses increased with the age of the individuals. In an area of hypoendemic malaria, each of 17 sites had ecological conditions which would favour or discourage the transmission of malaria. The reasons for high FA responses in some villages and low responses in others were readily apparent. The effect of even limited control programmes on the malarial ecology could be measured by an examination of the antibody responses. An aboriginal population receiving suppressive drugs had FA responses indicating both past experience and the effect of the drug programme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plasmodium/isolation & purification*
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