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  1. Pandya A, Yu YJ, Ge Y, Nagel E, Kwong RY, Bakar RA, et al.
    J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2022 01 06;24(1):1.
    PMID: 34986851 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00833-1
    BACKGROUND: Although prior reports have evaluated the clinical and cost impacts of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for low-to-intermediate-risk patients with suspected significant coronary artery disease (CAD), the cost-effectiveness of CMR compared to relevant comparators remains poorly understood. We aimed to summarize the cost-effectiveness literature on CMR for CAD and create a cost-effectiveness calculator, useable worldwide, to approximate the cost-per-quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) of CMR and relevant comparators with context-specific patient-level and system-level inputs.

    METHODS: We searched the Tufts Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry and PubMed for cost-per-QALY or cost-per-life-year-saved studies of CMR to detect significant CAD. We also developed a linear regression meta-model (CMR Cost-Effectiveness Calculator) based on a larger CMR cost-effectiveness simulation model that can approximate CMR lifetime discount cost, QALY, and cost effectiveness compared to relevant comparators [such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)] or invasive coronary angiography.

    RESULTS: CMR was cost-effective for evaluation of significant CAD (either health-improving and cost saving or having a cost-per-QALY or cost-per-life-year result lower than the cost-effectiveness threshold) versus its relevant comparator in 10 out of 15 studies, with 3 studies reporting uncertain cost effectiveness, and 2 studies showing CCTA was optimal. Our cost-effectiveness calculator showed that CCTA was not cost-effective in the US compared to CMR when the most recent publications on imaging performance were included in the model.

    CONCLUSIONS: Based on current world-wide evidence in the literature, CMR usually represents a cost-effective option compared to relevant comparators to assess for significant CAD.

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  2. Sharifah NA, Hayati AR, Meah F, al-Rashid Z
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):53-8.
    PMID: 8277791
    Our experience with 1,094 consecutive fine needle aspirations (FNAs) of the breast in 918 cases is presented. Correlation between the FNA cytology and subsequent histology of the lesions was available in 211 cases. FNA had a sensitivity rate of 87.3%, a specificity rate of 99.3% and a positive predictive value of 98.2%. A false negative diagnosis rate of 5.1% occurred. The overall diagnostic accuracy rate was 95.7%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  3. Low GKK, Kagize J, Faull KJ, Azahar A
    Trop Med Int Health, 2019 10;24(10):1169-1197.
    PMID: 31373098 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13294
    OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnostic test accuracy and predictive value of statistical models in differentiating the severity of dengue infection.

    METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (complete), PubMed and Scopus. Eligible studies to be included in this review were cohort studies with participants confirmed by laboratory test for dengue infection and comparison among the different severity of dengue infection by using statistical models. The methodological quality of the paper was assessed by independent reviewers using QUADAS-2.

    RESULTS: Twenty-six studies published from 1994 to 2017 were included. Most diagnostic models produced an accuracy of 75% to 80% except one with 86%. Two models predicting severe dengue according to the WHO 2009 classification have 86% accuracy. Both of these logistic regression models were applied during the first three days of illness, and their sensitivity and specificity were 91-100% and 79.3-86%, respectively. Another model which evaluated the 30-day mortality of dengue infection had an accuracy of 98.5%.

    CONCLUSION: Although there are several potential predictive or diagnostic models for dengue infection, their limitations could affect their validity. It is recommended that these models be revalidated in other clinical settings and their methods be improved and standardised in future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  4. Abatcha MG, Tan PL, Chuah LO, Rusul G, Chandraprasad SR, Effarizah ME
    Food Sci Biotechnol, 2020 Aug;29(8):1141-1148.
    PMID: 32670668 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00762-2
    The effectiveness of two different rapid methods involving the 3M™ molecular detection assay Listeria and the 3M™ Petrifilm environmental Listeria Plate were evaluated for the rapid detection of Listeria from naturally contaminated vegetables and chicken-processing environments against the standard culture-based method. A total of 178 samples were examined for the presence of Listeria. A total of 47/178 (26.4%) by standard ISO culture-based method (EN ISO 11290-1), 42/178 (23.6%) by 3M™ MDA Listeria and 40/178 (22.5%) by 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plate showed positive results, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for 3M™ MDA Listeria and 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plate were 97.2, 89.4, 99.3, 97.7, 96.4% and 96.1, 85.1, 100.0, 100.0, 94.9%, respectively. Based on the Cohen's Kappa value, there was a complete and robust concordance between 3M™ MDA Listeria (0.911) and 3M™ Petrifilm EL Plates (0.894) as compared to the standard culture-based method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  5. Teng CL, Wong CH
    Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(3):26-27.
    PMID: 25883762 MyJurnal
    A 21-year old medical student consults the doctor for a fever that started 3 days ago. The fever was high grade and associated with generalised body aches. There was no gum bleeding. He mentioned that mosquito fogging was conducted in his neighbourhood recently.Physical examination revealed an alert conscious young man. Temperature (oral): 38.9 ͦ C, blood pressure 100/70 mmHg, pulse rate 90/min, good volume. Mild flushing was noted. No petechiae were seen in his legs. Tourniquet test was positive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  6. Mohamed, F.A., Ong, L.Y., Ng, C.G.
    MyJurnal
    Positive emotion is often neglected in the depressed patients due to the lack of assessment tool. Positive Emotion Rating Scale (PERS) is a newly invented self-report questionnaire, nevertheless has an impressive psychometric properties.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to study the psychometric properties of the Malay version PERS (PERS-M), in order to facilitate its use in the local setting.
    Method: In this cross-sectional study convenient sampling, total of 43 depressed subjects and 85 non-depressed subjects who were presented to the outpatient clinic of HBUK were recruited. Both groups were assessed with PERS-M, original PERS, Dispositional Positive Emotion Scale (DPES), Malay version of Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-M) and Malay version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression CESDM).
    Results: PERS-M displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.89), parallel reliability (intraclasss coefficient = 0.95, p<0.001) and concurrent validity with the DPES (r=0.32, p<0.05) and SHAPS-M (r=0.77, p<0.01). The PERS-M was negatively correlated with CESD-M (r= -0.61, p<0.01). The optimal cut-off value was 32, with sensitivity = 0.68 and specificity = 0.63, positive predictive value of 0.49 and negative predictive value of 0.79. The area under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.604 - 0.813).
    Conclusion: the PERS-M is a brief and easy to administer tool to measure positive emotion in depressed subjects, with demonstrable satisfactory psychometric properties.
    Keywords: Positive Emotion, Depression, Psychometric Properties, Instrument
    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Perak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  7. Verma N, Dhiman RK, Singh V, Duseja A, Taneja S, Choudhury A, et al.
    Hepatol Int, 2021 Jun;15(3):753-765.
    PMID: 34173167 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10175-w
    BACKGROUND: Multiple predictive models of mortality exist for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients that often create confusion during decision-making. We studied the natural history and evaluated the performance of prognostic models in ACLF patients.

    METHODS: Prospectively collected data of ACLF patients from APASL-ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) was analyzed for 30-day outcomes. The models evaluated at days 0, 4, and 7 of presentation for 30-day mortality were: AARC (model and score), CLIF-C (ACLF score, and OF score), NACSELD-ACLF (model and binary), SOFA, APACHE-II, MELD, MELD-Lactate, and CTP. Evaluation parameters were discrimination (c-indices), calibration [accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values (PPV/NPV)], Akaike/Bayesian Information Criteria (AIC/BIC), Nagelkerke-R2, relative prediction errors, and odds ratios.

    RESULTS: Thirty-day survival of the cohort (n = 2864) was 64.9% and was lowest for final-AARC-grade-III (32.8%) ACLF. Performance parameters of all models were best at day 7 than at day 4 or day 0 (p  12 had the lowest 30-day survival (5.7%).

    CONCLUSIONS: APASL-ACLF is often a progressive disease, and models assessed up to day 7 of presentation reliably predict 30-day mortality. Day-7 AARC model is a statistically robust tool for classifying risk of death and accurately predicting 30-day outcomes with relatively lower prediction errors. Day-7 AARC score > 12 may be used as a futility criterion in APASL-ACLF patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  8. Arcari L, Engel J, Freiwald T, Zhou H, Zainal H, Gawor M, et al.
    J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2021 06 07;23(1):71.
    PMID: 34092229 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00762-z
    BACKGROUND: High sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) are often elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated with both cardiovascular remodeling and outcome. Relationship between these biomarkers and quantitative imaging measures of myocardial fibrosis and edema by T1 and T2 mapping remains unknown.

    METHODS: Consecutive patients with established CKD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  9. Osman ZJ, Mukhtar F, Hashim HA, Abdul Latiff L, Mohd Sidik S, Awang H, et al.
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Oct;55(7):1720-5.
    PMID: 24952938 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.04.011
    OBJECTIVE: The 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) is frequently used in non-clinical research to measure mental health factors among adults. However, previous studies have concluded that the 21 items are not stable for utilization among the adolescent population. Thus, the aims of this study are to examine the structure of the factors and to report on the reliability of the refined version of the DASS that consists of 12 items.
    METHOD: A total of 2850 students (aged 13 to 17 years old) from three major ethnic in Malaysia completed the DASS-21. The study was conducted at 10 randomly selected secondary schools in the northern state of Peninsular Malaysia. The study population comprised secondary school students (Forms 1, 2 and 4) from the selected schools.
    RESULTS: Based on the results of the EFA stage, 12 items were included in a final CFA to test the fit of the model. Using maximum likelihood procedures to estimate the model, the selected fit indices indicated a close model fit (χ(2)=132.94, df=57, p=.000; CFI=.96; RMR=.02; RMSEA=.04). Moreover, significant loadings of all the unstandardized regression weights implied an acceptable convergent validity. Besides the convergent validity of the item, a discriminant validity of the subscales was also evident from the moderate latent factor inter-correlations, which ranged from .62 to .75. The subscale reliability was further estimated using Cronbach's alpha and the adequate reliability of the subscales was obtained (Total=76; Depression=.68; Anxiety=.53; Stress=.52).
    CONCLUSION: The new version of the 12-item DASS for adolescents in Malaysia (DASS-12) is reliable and has a stable factor structure, and thus it is a useful instrument for distinguishing between depression, anxiety and stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests*
  10. Yii RSL, Lim J, Sothilingam S, Yeoh WS, Fadzli AN, Ong TA, et al.
    Asian J Surg, 2020 Jan;43(1):87-94.
    PMID: 30962017 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2019.02.014
    OBJECTIVES: To identify the associated factors determining prostate cancer detection using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy, within a multi-ethnic Malaysian population with prostate specific antigen (PSA) between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/ml.

    METHODS: Study subjects included men with initial PSA between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/ml that have undergone 12-core TRUS-guided prostate biopsy between 2009 and 2016. The prostate cancer detection rate was calculated, while potential factors associated with detection were investigated via univariable and multivariable analysis.

    RESULTS: A total of 617 men from a multi-ethnic background encompassing Chinese (63.5%), Malay (23.1%) and Indian (13.3%) were studied. The overall cancer detection rate was 14.3% (88/617), which included cancers detected at biopsy 1 (first biopsy), biopsy 2 (second biopsy with previous negative biopsy) and biopsy ≥ 3 (third or more biopsies with prior negative biopsies). Indian men displayed higher detection rate (23.2%) and increased risk of prostate cancer development (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.03-3.32, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests*
  11. Ch'ng SS, Roddy J, Keen HI
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2013 Jun;16(3):264-72.
    PMID: 23981746 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12106
    The modified Rodnan skin score is widely accepted as a validated tool to assess skin involvement in systemic sclerosis, which is a hallmark of this heterogeneous disease. Ultrasonography is increasingly being utilized in the study of other rheumatic diseases. The utility of ultrasonography to measure skin thickness in systemic sclerosis has been explored since three decades ago. The aim of this review was to examine the validity of ultrasonography as an outcome measure of skin involvement in systemic sclerosis. Original articles in English, published before December 2010, pertaining to the use of B mode ultrasound assessing skin involvement in systemic sclerosis were reviewed. Data were extracted with a focus on criterion and construct validity, reproducibility and responsiveness to change. Seventeen papers were analyzed. Skin thickness was most commonly studied, although skin echogenicity has also been examined. There was heterogeneity with regards to subjects, definitions used and sites imaged. Although there was limited information regarding reliability, when reported, the results showed excellent reproducibility. There was also a lack of construct and criterion validity and evidence for sensitivity to change. Ultrasound has potential as an outcome measure in systemic sclerosis. However, more work needs to be done in order to prove that it is a feasible outcome measure with proven validity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  12. Manaf MR, Tahir MM, Sidi H, Midin M, Nik Jaafar NR, Das S, et al.
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S82-8.
    PMID: 23587530 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.008
    This study aimed to examine the prevalence of pre-marital sex and its predicting factors among youth trainees undergoing a national skill training programme in the state of Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  13. Helvaci MR, Ozer C, Kaya H, Yalcin A
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):122-4.
    PMID: 18942297
    We tried to understand whether there are significant cut off values simply determining body mass index (BMI). The study was performed in Internal Medicine Polyclinics on consecutive check up patients aged between 15 and 70 years to see possible consequences of excess weight on health and to avoid debility induced weight loss in elders. Insulin using diabetics and patients with devastating illnesses were excluded to avoid their possible effects on weight. Cases were subdivided into three groups according to their body weights as under 65, between 65 and 85, and above 85 kg groups and prevalences of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of body weights to determine BMI were calculated. The study included 954 cases (566 females). Sensitivity of 65 kg as a cut off value to detect normal weight was 61.0%, specificity 94.3%, positive predictive value 82.9%, and negative predictive value was 97.6%. Similarly, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 65 and 85 kg to detect overweight cases were 71.5%, 63.3%, 56.2%, and 77.1% respectively. So both values were statistically significant to detect normal weight, overweight and obese individuals (p = 0.000 for both). Although BMI is probably a more valuable parameter to show weight status, the cut off values of 65 and 85 kg, as an easier way, have significant places, too.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  14. Ismail BS, Ngan CK
    J Environ Sci Health B, 2005;40(2):341-53.
    PMID: 15825685
    A comparison of dissipation of chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos in a Malaysian agricultural soil between the field experiment and simulation by the PERSIST model was studied. A plot of sweet pea (Pisum sativum) from a farm in the Cameron Highlands was selected for the field experiment. The plot was treated with chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos. Core soil collection was conducted according to the sampling schedule. Residues of the three pesticides were analyzed in the laboratory. Simulations of the three pesticides' persistency were also conducted using a computer-run software PERSIST. Generally, predicted data obtained using PERSIST were found to be high for the three pesticides except for one field measurement of chlorpyrifos. The predicted data for profenofos, which is the most mobile of the three pesticides tested, was not well matched with the observed data compared to chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  15. Omar AR, Ping C, Tan HC, Lim YT
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):50-3.
    PMID: 16250280
    Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with positive troponin T (TnT) test are at higher risk for death and myocardial reinfarction. They would significantly benefit from early aggressive pharmacologic and invasive therapy. However, TnT test is not widely available. This retrospective study of 173 patients with ACS showed: that prolonged or repetitive episodes of angina at rest in the previous 24 hours (p = 0.01) and evidence of myocardial ischaemia on ECG (p < 0.001) were associated with positive TnT tests (> or = 0.1 ng/mL). The two variables in combination showed 100% positive predictive value, facilitating early identification and streamlining of therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  16. Faizah MZ, Hamzaini AH, Kanaheswari Y, Dayang A AA, Zulfiqar MA
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Oct;70(5):269-72.
    PMID: 26556113 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has become increasingly utilised as an alternative imaging modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in paediatric patients. The study objective is to evaluate the efficacy of contrast enhanced Voiding Urosonography (ce-VUS) compared with fluoroscopic micturating cystourethrography (MCU) in the detection of VUR.
    METHODS: This prospective study was carried out between July 2011 and January 2013 on paediatric patients who underwent MCU. All consented patients would undergo ce- VUS prior to MCU. We documented the epidemiology details, the number of Kidney-Ureter (K-U) unit studied, baseline renal and bladder sonogram, as well as presence of VUR on ce-VUR. The technique for ce-VUS was standardized using normal saline to fill the bladder prior to administration of SonoVue® (2.5 ml) to assess the kidney-ureter (K-U) unit. Dedicated contrast detection software was used to discern the presence of microbubbles in the pelvicaliceal system (PCS). The findings were then compared with MCU.
    RESULTS: 27 paediatric patients were involved in the study [17 males (63%) and 10 females (37%)] involving 55 K-U units (one patient had a complete duplex system). MCU detected VUR in 10 K-U units while ce-VUS detected VUR in 8 out of the 10 K-U units. There were 2 false negative cases (both Grade 1) with ce-VUS. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ce-VUS were 80%, 98%, 95%, 89% and 96%, respectively.
    CONCLUSION: ce-VUS is a sensitive and specific radiation-free alternative for the detection of VUR in the paediatric population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  17. Ho TM, Radha K, Shahnaz M, Singaram SP
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):308-12.
    PMID: 8183144
    An indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the diagnosis of allergy to a house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. The efficacy of the ELISA was then evaluated against a prick test using a commercial allergen. Eighty five suspected allergic rhinitis patients from the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, were tested with the ELISA and prick test. Prick test and ELISA results were positive in 84.7% and 80.0% of the patients respectively. The ELISA was found to have 87.5% sensitivity, 61.5% specificity, 92.6% positive predictive value, 47.1% negative predictive value, 7.4% false positive and 52.9% false negative. There was total agreement between the prick test and ELISA for prick test grades of 3+ and 4+. It is concluded that the ELISA is a useful assay for detection of individuals who are highly sensitive to D. farinae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  18. Rashid NH, Zaghi S, Scapuccin M, Camacho M, Certal V, Capasso R
    Laryngoscope, 2021 02;131(2):440-447.
    PMID: 32333683 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28663
    OBJECTIVES: Intermittent hypoxemia is a risk factor for developing complications in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The objective of this systematic review was to identify articles evaluating the accuracy of the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) as compared with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and then provide possible values to use as a cutoff for diagnosing adult OSA.

    STUDY DESIGN: Systematic Review of Literature.

    METHODS: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases were searched through November 2019.

    RESULTS: Eight studies (1,924 patients) met criteria (age range: 28-70.9 years, body mass index range: 21.9-37 kg/m2 , and AHI range: 0.5-62 events/hour). Five studies compared ODI and AHI simultaneously, and three had a week to months between assessments. Sensitivities ranged from 32% to 98.5%, whereas specificities ranged from 47.7% to 98%. Significant heterogeneity was present; however, for studies reporting data for a 4% ODI ≥ 15 events/hour, the specificity for diagnosing OSA ranged from 75% to 98%, and only one study reported the positive predictive value, which was 97%. Direct ODI and AHI comparisons were not made because of different hypopnea scoring, different oxygen desaturation categories, and different criteria for grading OSA severity.

    CONCLUSION: Significant heterogeneity exists in studies comparing ODI and AHI. Based on currently published studies, consideration should be given for diagnosing adult OSA with a 4% ODI of ≥ 15 events/hour and for recommending further evaluation for diagnosing OSA with a 4% ODI ≥ 10 events/hour. Screening with oximetry may be indicated for the detection of OSA in select patients. Further study is needed before a definitive recommendation can be made. Laryngoscope, 131:440-447, 2021.

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
  19. Grace Kho WF, Cheah WL, Hazmi H
    Cent. Eur. J. Public Health, 2018 Mar;26(1):16-21.
    PMID: 29684292 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5186
    OBJECTIVES: Hypertension is a health issue affecting adolescents. Accumulating evidence affirms that elevated blood pressure begins in childhood and tracks into adulthood. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and its predictors among secondary school students in Sarawak, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A total of 2,461 secondary school students aged 12-17 years from 19 schools in Sarawak participated in the study. Questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data, parental history of hypertension, and self-reported physical activity. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 23.0.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of adolescents with elevated blood pressure, overweight, central obesity, and overfat were 30.1%, 24.3%, 13.5%, and 6.7%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated the predictors significantly associated with elevated blood pressure among respondents: overweight (adjusted odds ratio=3.144), being male (adjusted odds ratio=3.073), being Chinese (adjusted odds ratio=2.321) or Iban (adjusted odds ratio=1.578), central obesity (adjusted odds ratio=2.145), being overfat (adjusted odds ratio=1.885), and being an older adolescent (adjusted odds ratio=1.109). Parental history of hypertension, locality, and physical activity showed no significant associations.

    CONCLUSION: The obesity epidemic must be tackled at community and school levels by health education and regulation of school canteen foods.

    Matched MeSH terms: Predictive Value of Tests
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