Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 30 in total

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  1. Schizophrenia and academic performance
    Kadri ZN
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Jun;29(4):250-7.
    PMID: 1196173
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  2. Depressive illness in private practice
    Hock CB
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Sep;26(1):34-41.
    PMID: 4258573
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  3. Refining clinical phenotypes by contrasting ethnically different populations with schizophrenia from Australia, India and Sarawak
    McLean D, John S, Barrett R, McGrath J, Loa P, Thara R, et al.
    Psychiatry Res, 2012 Apr 30;196(2-3):194-200.
    PMID: 22401968 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.027
    We contrasted demographic and clinical characteristics in transethnic schizophrenia populations from Australia (n=821), India (n=520) and Sarawak, Malaysia (n=298) and proposed cultural explanations for identified site differences. From these we aimed to identify candidate variables free from significant cultural confounding that are hence suitable for inclusion in genetic analyses. We observed five phenomena: (1) more individuals were living alone in Australia than India or Sarawak; (2) drug use was lower in India than Australia or Sarawak; (3) duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was longer in India than Australia or Sarawak; (4) the rate of schizoaffective disorder was lower in India than Australia or Sarawak; and (5) age at psychosis onset (AAO) was older in Sarawak than Australia or India. We suggest that site differences for living arrangements, drug use and DUP are culturally confounded. The schizoaffective site difference likely results from measurement bias. The AAO site difference, however, has no obvious cultural or measurement bias explanation. Therefore, this may be an ideal candidate for use in genetic studies, given that genetic variants affecting AAO have already been proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  4. Fulltext Characteristics of first schizophrenic admissions to the general hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Buhrich N, Haq S
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Mar;34(3):269-72.
    PMID: 7412666
    Previous studies in Malaysia and in Singapore report a higher schizophrenic admission rate for males than for females and this is in contrast to findings in Western societies. Characteristics by age, sex and race of 5% and 619 first schizophrenic admissions during 1977 and 1978 respectively to the Psychiatric Department, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were examined. It was found that the male to female sex ratio for Malay schizophrenic admissions was significantly higher than male to female sex ratio for Malays to other departments of the hospital. A similar trend for the Chinese did not reach significance. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  5. Referrals to a psychiatric clinic in West Malaysia
    Teoh JI, Kinzie JD, Tan ES
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 1973;18(4):301-7.
    PMID: 4720845
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  6. Ninety-six Malay psychiatric patients--characteristics and preliminary epidemiology
    Hartog J
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 1973;19(1):49-59.
    PMID: 4789139
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  7. Sibling rank of Malay psychiatric patients and juvenile delinquents
    Hartog J
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1972 Mar;3(1):124-37.
    PMID: 5028858
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  8. The effect of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills in institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia
    Mohammadi F, Momtaz YA, Motalebi SA, Boosepasi S
    Rev Recent Clin Trials, 2017;12(3):182-186.
    PMID: 28530532 DOI: 10.2174/1574887112666170522142315
    BACKGROUND: There are limited scientific investigations on cognitive remediation in elderly patients with schizophrenia. The present study was aimed to examine the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills in institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia.

    METHODS: The study employed a randomized clinical trial. A total of 60 institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia from Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran were selected and randomly allocated into two equal groups (control and intervention). The intervention group attended to cognitive remediation therapy for 8 weeks. The Evaluation of Living Skills Scale for psychiatric patients was used for data collection. The Chi Square, independent and paired t-tests using SPSS, version 22, were employed to analyze the data.

    RESULTS: The mean age of 60 elderly patients participated in the study was 65.25 ± 4.19 years. No significant differences were found between two groups at baseline. However, independent t-tests showed significant differences between the intervention and the control group in social skills after implementation of intervention. Additionally, the results of paired t-tests revealed significant improvements in intervention group on communication skills (t=5.50, p<0.001), behavioral problems with others (t=5.44, p<0.001), and self-care (t=4.70, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed from pretest to post test in control group.

    CONCLUSION: The results of the present study may support the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills of elderly patients with schizophrenia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  9. Weight gain and first-generation antipsychotics: experience from a developing country
    Yoon CK
    J Clin Psychopharmacol, 2008 Oct;28(5):574-6.
    PMID: 18794660 DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181855cbc
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  10. Fulltext A review of autobiographical memory studies on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
    Zhang Y, Kuhn SK, Jobson L, Haque S
    BMC Psychiatry, 2019 11 14;19(1):361.
    PMID: 31727046 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2346-6
    BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders demonstrate various cognitive deficiencies, the most pertinent one being impairment in autobiographical memory. This paper reviews quantitative research investigating deficits in the content, and characteristics, of autobiographical memories in individuals with schizophrenia. It also examines if the method used to activate autobiographical memories influenced the results and which theoretical accounts were proposed to explain the defective recall of autobiographical memories in patients with schizophrenia.

    METHODS: PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for articles published between January 1998 and December 2018. Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies implemented the generative retrieval strategy by inducing memories through cue words or pictures, the life-stage method, or open-ended retrieval method. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines were followed for this review.

    RESULTS: Most studies reported that patients with schizophrenia retrieve less specific autobiographical memories when compared to a healthy control group, while only three studies indicated that both groups performed similarly on memory specificity. Patients with schizophrenia also exhibited earlier reminiscence bumps than those for healthy controls. The relationship between comorbid depression and autobiographical memory specificity appeared to be independent because patients' memory specificity improved through intervention, but their level of depression remained unchanged. The U-shaped retrieval pattern for memory specificity was not consistent. Both the connection between the history of attempted suicide and autobiographical memory specificity, and the relationship between psychotic symptoms and autobiographical memory specificity, remain inconclusive. Patients' memory specificity and coherence improved through cognitive training.

    CONCLUSIONS: The overgeneral recall of autobiographical memory by patients with schizophrenia could be attributed to working memory, the disturbing concept of self, and the cuing method implemented. The earlier reminiscence bump for patients with schizophrenia may be explained by the premature closure of the identity formation process due to the emergence of psychotic symptoms during early adulthood. Protocol developed for this review was registered in PROSPERO (registration no: CRD42017062643).

    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  11. Hospital-based community psychiatric service for patients with schizophrenia in Kuala Lumpur: a 1-year follow-up study of re-hospitalization
    Dahlan R, Midin M, Sidi H, Maniam T
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2013 Apr;5 Suppl 1:127-33.
    PMID: 23857849 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12058
    INTRODUCTION: Hospital-based community psychiatric service (HCPS) is a developing intervention in Malaysia targeted for patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Its effectiveness had not been systematically measured. This study aimed to assess the outcome of HCPS with respect to re-hospitalization and factors associated with low re-hospitalization among patients with schizophrenia in the metropolitan city of Kuala Lumpur.
    METHODS: A naturalistic and retrospective cohort study was conducted using within-subject pre-post design on 155 patients with schizophrenia who received HCPS in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL). The selection was made by simple random sampling. The hospital admission profiles were obtained from clinical records. The socio-demographic and relevant clinical data were also assessed through clinical interviews.
    RESULTS: One hundred and forty (90%) of 155 respondents had low rate of hospital admission with significant reduction of being hospitalized within 1 year after receiving HCPS (p schizophrenia in Malaysia. The finding may be used as an evidence to develop the service further in other hospitals. However, the finding needs to be replicated through studies with better design involving more psychiatric centres.
    KEYWORDS: Assertive Community Treatment; community psychiatric service; re-hospitalization; schizophrenia
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  12. Use of first- and second-generation antipsychotic medications in older patients with schizophrenia in Asia (2001-2009)
    Xiang YT, Kreyenbuhl J, Dickerson FB, Ungvari GS, Wang CY, Si TM, et al.
    Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2012 Dec;46(12):1159-64.
    PMID: 22790175 DOI: 10.1177/0004867412453625
    This study examined the prescribing patterns of several first- (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotic (SGAs) medications administered to older Asian patients with schizophrenia during the period between 2001 and 2009.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  13. Fulltext The National Mental Health Registry (NMHR)
    Aziz AA, Salina AA, Abdul Kadir AB, Badiah Y, Cheah YC, Nor Hayati A, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:15-7.
    PMID: 19227671
    The National Mental Health Registry (NMHR) collects information about patients with mental disorder in Malaysia. This information allows us to estimate the incidence of selected mental disorders, and to evaluate risk factors and treatment in the country. The National Mental Health Registry (NMHR) presented its first report in 2004, a year after its establishment. The report focused on schizophrenia as a pioneer project for the National Mental Health Registry. The development of the registry has progressed with data collected from government-based facilities, the academia and the private sector. The 2003-2005 report was recently published and distributed. Since then the registry has progressed to include suicides and other mental illnesses such as depression. The NMHR Report 2003-2005 provides detailed information about the profile of persons with Schizophrenia who presented for the first time to various psychiatry and mental health providers throughout Malaysia. More detailed description regarding pharmacotherapy is reported and few cross tabulations done in an effort to provide better understanding and more clinically meaningful reports.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  14. Fulltext Prevalence of insulin resistance in schizophrenia in HUKM
    Fairuz AR, Maniam T, Khalid BA
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):290-3.
    PMID: 18551931 MyJurnal
    This is a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of insulin resistance and its associated factors in Hospital UKM patients with schizophrenia using the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) model. Fasting glucose and insulin from 85 patients were obtained. Fasting glucose revealed 15% of the patients were diabetic, while another 15% had impaired fasting glucose. Using the HOMA model, 68% of the patients had insulin resistance. Univariate analyses found BMI (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.001) to be associated with insulin resistance. The statistical significance disappeared after multivariate analyses. All patients with schizophrenia should be screened and managed as a group at high risk for development of diabetes with emphasis on body weight management.
    Study site: inpatient and outpatients, Psychiatric department, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  15. Rates of treated schizophrenia and its clinical and cultural features in the population isolate of the Iban of Sarawak: a tri-diagnostic approach
    Barrett R, Loa P, Jerah E, Nancarrow D, Chant D, Mowry B
    Psychol Med, 2005 Feb;35(2):281-93.
    PMID: 15841685
    We present results of a study of treated rates of schizophrenia among the Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia. Most Iban live in longhouses, each comprising a kindred group of up to 300 individuals. Cultural practices such as minimal intermarriage with members of adjacent ethnic groups and in-depth genealogical knowledge make them a population suitable for genetic investigation. Iban culture is conducive to a focus on symptoms and illness, and to patterns of treatment-seeking behaviour that are enthusiastic and persistent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  16. Screening for schizophrenia in initial prodromal phase: Detecting the sub-threshold psychosis
    Razali SM, Abidin ZZ, Othman Z, Yassin MA
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2015 Aug;16:26-31.
    PMID: 26182843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.06.011
    The aim of the study is to screen and evaluate the efficacy of the screening tools in detecting subjects with sub-threshold psychosis among asymptomatic individuals at genetic risk, as compared with persons in the general public.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology
  17. Evaluation of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia: A validation study of the Malay version of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)
    Wahab S, Zakaria MN, Sidek D, Abdul Rahman AH, Shah SA, Abdul Wahab NA
    Psychiatry Res, 2015 Aug 30;228(3):462-7.
    PMID: 26142835 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.014
    The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS) is the most widely used validated scale to measure the specific symptoms of auditory hallucination and delusion. The aim of this study was to validate and to examine the psychometric properties of the auditory hallucination component of the Malay PSYRATS (MyPSYRATS). The research was done in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC) among 51 schizophrenia inpatients and outpatients who had experienced or reported verbal auditory hallucination. The psychometric properties of MyPSYRATS (auditory hallucination) were studied and a comparison was made between the psychometric properties obtained and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The internal consistency of MyPSYRATS was good as revealed by Cronbach's alpha value. Factor analysis replicated three components (emotional, cognitive, and physical) similar to the factorial structure of the original auditory hallucination scale. However, two items were regrouped under the emotional component. Spearman's rank-order correlation showed a significant positive relationship between the total score of auditory hallucinations and PANSS auditory hallucinations item (P3). In conclusion, the auditory hallucination domain of MyPSYRATS is a reliable and valid assessment tool for further clinical applications.

    Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  18. Disability in schizophrenia and mood disorders in a developing country
    Rahman MB, Indran SK
    Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 1997 Oct;32(7):387-90.
    PMID: 9383969
    The aim of this study was to investigate how the prevalence and severity of psychiatric disabilities in patients with chronic schizophrenia compares with that in patients with chronic mood disorders. A total of 128 patients, 80 with chronic schizophrenia and 48 with chronic mood disorders as confirmed by DSM-III-R, were examined using the World Health Organization Psychiatric Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO/ DAS). There were no significant differences in the prevalence and severity of disabilities between the two disorders. Two-thirds of the patients with chronic schizophrenia and over half the patients with chronic mood disorders had dysfunctional behaviour and experienced significant disabilities. The prevalence of disabilities among these Malaysian patients was not markedly different from that seen in developed countries, suggesting that the prognosis in developing countries may not be as favourable as previously thought.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  19. The health care seeking behavior of schizophrenic patients in 6 East Asian areas
    Rhi BY, Ha KS, Kim YS, Sasaki Y, Young D, Woon, et al.
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 1995;41(3):190-209.
    PMID: 8847200
    The patterns of health care seeking behavior of 1061 schizophrenics and the factors that affect the determination of the patterns were studied in 6 areas of 5 nations in east Asia: Hunan and Sichuan Provinces in China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines. The information was gathered through a structured questionnaire developed by the authors. The subjects generally favored psychiatry-oriented health care, but with frequent interruptions or combination with other types of managements. Most Japanese subjects sought care in western medicine, while subjects from Hunan, Sichuan and Korea alternated between western medicine and magicoreligious therapies or traditional herbal medicine. In the Philippines and Malaysia, the majority of the subjects sought magicoreligious therapies first, then later sought western psychiatric care. The choice of western psychiatric care was mostly influenced by the decision maker's knowledge and interpretation of the patient's illness. In determining the choice of management among various types of non-psychiatric management, cost, location, and societal attitudes played substantial roles as well as knowledge and interpretation. Suggestions and opinions were discussed to improve health care services for schizophrenic patients in each community.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
  20. New admissions to Woodbridge Hospital 1975 with special reference to schizophrenia
    Tsoi WF, Chen AJ
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1979 Jul;8(3):275-9.
    PMID: 547870
    Woodbrige Hospital had 2,257 patients in 1975. Of these 75 percent were suffering from Schizophrenia. This pattern was similar to that of developing countries like Padistan and Malaya. A study was carried out on all new admissions in 1975. There were 1,068 patients whose age ranged from 10 to 89. Schizophrenia which constituted 62% of the cases was analysed in detail. They were mainly in the age range 10-29 (64%). The sex ratio was 3 males to 2 females. Their distribution by their type of housing was similar to that of the general populations. They were better educated. The most common presentation were reports of aggressive, violent, disturbed, abnormal or withdrawn behaviour. The 10 most common symptoms were paranoid ideas, hearing of voices, talking to oneself, insomnia, aggression, abnormal behaviour, laughing to oneself, disturbed behaviour, crying to oneself and withdrawn behaviour. The most common drugs used were trifluoperazine (47%) and chlorpromazine (45%). Electroconvulsive therapy was given to 25% of the patients. Most of the patients (63%) stayed less than 20 days.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*
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