Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 122 in total

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  1. Fulltext A new Progressive Management Pathway for improving seaweed biosecurity
    Cottier-Cook EJ, Cabarubias JP, Brakel J, Brodie J, Buschmann AH, Campbell I, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2022 Dec 01;13(1):7401.
    PMID: 36456544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34783-8
    The rapid expansion and globalization of the seaweed production industry, combined with rising seawater temperatures and coastal eutrophication, has led to an increase in infectious diseases and pest outbreaks. Here, we propose a novel Progressive Management Pathway for improving Seaweed Biosecurity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  2. Sustainable and green pretreatment strategy of Eucheuma denticulatum residues for third-generation l-lactic acid production
    Chai CY, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Lam MK, Tong KTX, Lee KT
    Bioresour Technol, 2021 Jun;330:124930.
    PMID: 33735730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124930
    Managing plastic waste remains an urgent environmental concern and switching to biodegradable plastics can reduce the dependence on depleting fossil fuels. This study emphasises the efficacy of macroalgae wastes, Eucheuma denticulatum residues (EDRs), as potential alternate feedstock to produce l-lactic acid (l-LA), the monomer of polylactic acid, through fermentation. An innovative environmental friendly strategy was explored in this study to develop a glucose platform from EDRs: pretreatment with microwave-assisted autohydrolysis (MAA) applied to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of EDRs. The results indicate that MAA pretreatment significantly increased the digestibility of EDRs during the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The optimum pretreatment conditions were 120 °C and 50 min, resulting in 96.5% of enzymatic digestibility after 48 h. The high l-LA yield of 98.6% was obtained using pretreated EDRs and supplemented with yeast extract. The energy analysis implies that MAA pretreatment could further improve the overall energy efficiency of the process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  3. Biosynthesis of agar in red seaweeds: A review
    Lee WK, Lim YY, Leow AT, Namasivayam P, Ong Abdullah J, Ho CL
    Carbohydr Polym, 2017 May 15;164:23-30.
    PMID: 28325321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.078
    Agar is a jelly-like biopolymer synthesized by many red seaweeds as their major cell wall component. Due to its excellent rheological properties, it has been exploited commercially for applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biomedical and biotechnology industries. Despite its multiple uses, the biosynthesis of this phycocolloid is not fully understood. The current knowledge on agar biosynthesis is inferred from plant biochemistry and putative pathways for ulvan and alginate biosynthesis in green and brown seaweeds, respectively. In this review, the gaps in our current knowledge on agar biosynthetic pathway are discussed, focusing on the biosynthesis of agar precursors, elongation of agar polysaccharide chain and side chain modification. The development of molecular markers for the screening of desired seaweeds for industrial exploitation is also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed/metabolism*
  4. An international evaluation of biosecurity management capacity in the seaweed aquaculture industry
    Campbell I, Mateo J, Rusekwa SB, Kambey CSB, Hurtado A, Msuya FE, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2022 Feb 15;304:114112.
    PMID: 34923419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114112
    Seaweeds form the second largest global aquaculture product in volume, and despite rapid growth of the sector over the last 25 years, production and quality in top producing regions is becoming increasingly limited due to disease and pest outbreaks, the spread of non-native cultivars and the degradation of genetic health due to inbreeding. Most notably, the lack of biosecurity measures leading to disease and pest outbreaks are reported to cause the most significant production losses in the seaweed industry. This study uses the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey tool to quantify and compare biosecurity cross-culturally, in two major red seaweed producing countries, the Philippines and Tanzania. Both countries have significantly different political contexts and the seaweed sector sits within two very different value chains. Seaweed-based commodities from these countries, however, enters the same international market for carrageenan, a thickening agent used for a variety of products globally. This study uses the KAP survey tool to assess currently-adopted biosecurity control measures and understand how potential policy strategies could be developed on an international scale. Farmers from both producing countries have good biosecurity knowledge. In Tanzania 64% farmers scored Fair or Good, and in the Philippines this was 95%. Corresponding scores in practices were lower, 85% Poor for Tanzania, and 88% Fair for the Philippines, indicating there is a lack of resources for farmers to implement additional practices. The information gathered using the KAP tool in the context of the global seaweed industry can be used to facilitate compromise between science, policy and practice whilst taking into consideration smaller-scale regional challenges. Given the results from the seaweed industry were similar to that of smallholder agricultural sectors, it is suggested that governmental programs to incentivise biosecurity in smallholder rural agriculture could be adapted for the seaweed industry. This study also demonstrates the potential use of the KAP survey, as a tool to accurately compare biosecurity challenges faced by farmers in different aquaculture sectors globally, and to encourage alignment in international approaches to aquaculture biosecurity policies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  5. Seaweed polysaccharide nanocomposite films: A review
    Bukhari NTM, Rawi NFM, Hassan NAA, Saharudin NI, Kassim MHM
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Aug 01;245:125486.
    PMID: 37355060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125486
    A million tonnes of plastic produced each year are disposed of after single use. Biodegradable polymers have become a promising material as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers. Utilising biodegradable polymers will promote environmental sustainability which has emerged with potential features and performances for various applications in different sectors. Seaweed-derived polysaccharides-based composites have been the focus of numerous studies due to the composites' renewability and sustainability for industries (food packaging and medical fields like tissue engineering and drug delivery). Due to their biocompatibility, abundance, and gelling ability, seaweed derivatives such as alginate, carrageenan, and agar are commonly used for this purpose. Seaweed has distinct film-forming characteristics, but its mechanical and water vapour barrier qualities are weak. Thus, modifications are necessary to enhance the seaweed properties. This review article summarises and discusses the effect of incorporating seaweed films with different types of nanoparticles on their mechanical, thermal, and water barrier properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  6. Fulltext Morphological and biochemical responses of tropical seagrasses (Family: Hydrocharitaceae) under colonization of the macroalgae Ulva reticulata Forsskål
    Emmclan LSH, Zakaria MH, Ramaiya SD, Natrah I, Bujang JS
    PeerJ, 2022;10:e12821.
    PMID: 35111414 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12821
    BACKGROUND: Coastal land development has deteriorated the habitat and water quality for seagrass growth and causes the proliferation of opportunist macroalgae that can potentially affect them physically and biochemically. The present study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of seagrass from the Hydrocharitaceae family under the macroalgal bloom of Ulva reticulata, induced by land reclamation activities for constructing artificial islands.

    METHODS: Five seagrass species, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Halophila major, and Halophila spinulosa were collected at an Ulva reticulata-colonized site (MA) shoal and a non-Ulva reticulata-colonized site (MC) shoal at Sungai Pulai estuary, Johor, Malaysia. Morphometry of shoots comprising leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf sheath length (LSL), leaflet length (LTL), leaflet width (LTW), petiole length (PL), space between intra-marginal veins (IV) of leaf, cross vein angle (CVA) of leaf, number of the cross vein (NOC), number of the leaf (NOL) and number of the leaflet (NOLT) were measured on fresh seagrass specimens. Moreover, in-situ water quality and water nutrient content were also recorded. Seagrass extracts in methanol were assessed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

    RESULTS: Seagrasses in the U. reticulata-colonized site (MA) had significantly higher (t-test, p < 0.05) leaf dimensions compared to those at the non-U. reticulata colonized site (MC). Simple broad-leaved seagrass of H. major and H. ovalis were highly sensitive to the colonization of U. reticulata, which resulted in higher morphometric variation (t-test, p < 0.05) including LL, PL, LW, and IV. Concerning the biochemical properties, all the seagrasses at MA recorded significantly higher (t-test, p < 0.05) TPC, TFC, and ABTS and lower DPPH and FRAP activities compared to those at MC. Hydrocharitaceae seagrass experience positive changes in leaf morphology features and metabolite contents when shaded by U. reticulata. Researching the synergistic effect of anthropogenic nutrient loads on the interaction between seagrasses and macroalgae can provide valuable information to decrease the negative effect of macroalgae blooms on seagrasses in the tropical meadow.

    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  7. Seaweed composition from Bintulu coast of Sarawak, Malaysia
    Zawawi MH, Idris MH, Kamal AH, King WS
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2014 Aug;17(8):1007-14.
    PMID: 26031019
    Species composition of seaweed and distribution were investigated in the coastal waters of Bintulu, Sarawak. The seaweed samples were collected during low tide between May 2011 and May 2012 from the six different stations. In total 54 species of seaweeds were identified from study areas of Bintulu coastal waters. Among them, 23 species were from Rhodophyta with 11 families, 15 species were from Phaeophyta with 2 families and 16 species were from Chlorophyta with 10 families: Seventeen species of seaweeds were recorded from the Tanjung Batu, while 23 species from Pantai Telekom, 14 species from Golden Beach, 26 species from Kuala Similajau, 12 species from Kuala Nyalau and 21 species from Batu Mandi. Seaweeds abundance was high in rocky substrate and Rhodophyta (11 families and 23 species) was the common and highest group of seaweeds in this coastal areas. Present study recorded high diversified seaweed species at the rocky shore area compare to reef area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed/classification*
  8. Sustainable lignin nanoparticles from coconut fiber waste for enhancing multifunctional properties of macroalgae biofilms
    Alfatah T, Abdul Khalil HPS
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Feb;258(Pt 2):128858.
    PMID: 38128796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128858
    Multifunctional and sustainable packaging biofilms felicitous to changeable conditions are in large demand as substitutes to petroleum-derived synthetic films. Macroalgae with noticeable film-formation, abundant, low-cost, and edible properties is a promising bioresource for sustainable and eco-friendly packaging materials. However, the poor hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of sustainable macroalgae biofilms seriously impede their practical applications. Herein, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) produced by a sustainable approach from black liquor of coconut fiber waste were incorporated in the macroalgae matrix to improve the water tolerance and mechanical characteristics of the biofilms. The effect of different LNPs loadings on the performance of biofilms, such as physical, morphological, surface roughness, structural, water resistance, mechanical, and thermal behaviors, were systematically evaluated and found to be considerably improved. Biofilm with 6 % LNPs presented the optimum enhancement in most ultimate performances. The optimized biofilm exhibited great hydrophobic features with a water contact angle of over 100° and high enhancement in the tensile strength of >60 %. This study proposes a facile and sustainable approach for designing and developing LNPs-macroalgae biofilms with excellent and multifunctional properties for sustainable high-performance packaging materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  9. Halocarbon emissions by selected tropical seaweeds exposed to different temperatures
    Keng FS, Phang SM, Abd Rahman N, Yeong HY, Malin G, Leedham Elvidge E, et al.
    Phytochemistry, 2021 Oct;190:112869.
    PMID: 34274551 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112869
    Four tropical seaweeds, Gracilaria manilaensis Yamamoto & Trono, Ulva reticulata Forsskål, Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L.M.Liao and Turbinaria conoides (J.Agardh) Kützing, collected from various habitats throughout Malaysia, were subjected to temperatures of 40, 35, 30, 25 and 20 °C in the laboratory. An exposure range of 21-38 °C is reported for Malaysian waters. The effect of the temperature exposures on the halocarbon emissions of the seaweeds were determined 4 and 28 h after treatment. The emission rates for a suite of six halocarbons commonly emitted by seaweeds, bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2), diiodomethane (CH2I2), iodomethane (CH3I), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) and dichlorobromomethane (CHBrCl2), were measured using a cryogenic purge-and-trap sample preparation system coupled to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The emission rate of CHBr3 was the highest of the six halocarbons for all the seaweeds under all the temperatures tested, followed by CH2Br2, and CH2I2. The emission rates were affected by temperature change and exposure duration, but overall responses were unique to each seaweed species. Larger decreases in the emissions of CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH2I2 and CHBr2Cl were found for K. alvarezii and T. conoides after 4 h at 40 °C. In both cases there was a >90% (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  10. Seaweed and climate change: A mapping review
    Segaran TC, Azra MN, Handayani KS, Lananan F, Xu J
    Mar Environ Res, 2023 Nov;192:106216.
    PMID: 37891025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106216
    Seaweed has garnered increasing interest due to its capacity to mitigate climate change by curbing carbon emissions from agriculture, as well as its potential to serve as a supplement or alternative for dietary, livestock feed, or fuel source production. Moreover, seaweed is regarded as one of the earliest plant forms to have evolved on Earth. Owing to the extensive body of literature available and the uncertainty surrounding the future trajectory of seaweed research under evolving climate conditions, this review scrutinizes the structure, dynamics, and progression of the literature pertaining to seaweed and climate change. This analysis is grounded in the Web of Science Core Collection database, augmented by CiteSpace software. Furthermore, we discuss the productivity and influence of individual researchers, research organizations, countries, and scientific journals. To date, there have been 8047 articles published globally (after a series of filters and exclusions), with a notable upswing in publication frequency since 2018. The USA, China, and Australia are among the leading countries contributing to this research area. Our findings reveal that current research on seaweed and climate change encompasses 13 distinct research clusters, including "marine heatwave", "temperate estuary", "ocean acidification", and "macroalgal bloom". The most frequently cited keywords are "climate change", "biomass", "community", and "photosynthesis". The seaweed species most commonly referenced in relation to climate change include Gracilaria sp., Sargassum sp., Ecklonia maxima, and Macrocystis pyrifera. These results provide valuable guidance for shaping the direction of specialized topics concerning marine biodiversity under shifting climate conditions. We propose that seaweed production may be compromised during prolonged episodes of reduced water availability, emphasizing the need to formulate strategies to guarantee its continued viability. This article offers fresh perspectives on the analysis of seaweed research in the context of impending climate change.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  11. Residual effects of treated effluent diversion on a seaweed farm in a tidal strait using a multi-nested high-resolution 3-D circulation-dispersal model
    Uchiyama Y, Zhang X, Suzue Y, Kosako T, Miyazawa Y, Nakayama A
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2018 May;130:40-54.
    PMID: 29866568 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.007
    A high-resolution 3-D model was developed to assess the impact of a diversion outfall at the Tarumi Sewage Treatment Plant (TSTP) on an adjacent seaweed farm in Osaka Bay, Japan. The model was extensively validated to ensure a reasonable agreement with in situ observations. The western part of the farm is largely influenced by tidal currents, whereas the eastern area is mainly affected by subtidal residual currents that are primarily due to surface wind stress. The released effluent is transported by counterclockwise residual circulation formed off the TSTP. The model reveals that the diversion adequately suppresses the influence on the farm. While the instantaneous effluent concentration is diminished by about 50%, the effluent accumulated on the farm decreased from 2.83 × 104 m3 to 2.01 × 104 m3 due to the diversion, demonstrating an approximately 28% reduction of the effluent from the TSTP by the diversion outfall.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  12. Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of red macroalgae Eucheuma denticulatum with microwave-assisted heating for biochar production and sugar recovery
    Teh YY, Lee KT, Chen WH, Lin SC, Sheen HK, Tan IS
    Bioresour Technol, 2017 Dec;246:20-27.
    PMID: 28781203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.101
    This study aims to produce biochar and sugars from a macroalga Eucheuma denticulatum using dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis along with microwave-assisted heating. The reactions were operated at sulfuric acid concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2M, reaction temperatures of 150-170°C and a heating time of 10min. Compared to the raw macroalga, biochar qualities were improved with increased carbon content and lower ash and moisture contents. The calorific value of the biochar could be intensified up to 45%, and 39% of energy yield was recovered. Apart from producing biochar, the highest total reducing sugars were 51.47g/L (74.84% yield) along with a low by-product 5-HMF of 0.20g/L, when the biomass was treated under the optimum conditions at 160°C with 0.1M H2SO4. Thus, this study demonstrated that macroalgae could be potentially used as biomass feedstock under microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis for the production of biofuel and value-added products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  13. Potential role of seaweeds in climate change mitigation
    Ross FWR, Boyd PW, Filbee-Dexter K, Watanabe K, Ortega A, Krause-Jensen D, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2023 Aug 10;885:163699.
    PMID: 37149169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163699
    Seaweed (macroalgae) has attracted attention globally given its potential for climate change mitigation. A topical and contentious question is: Can seaweeds' contribution to climate change mitigation be enhanced at globally meaningful scales? Here, we provide an overview of the pressing research needs surrounding the potential role of seaweed in climate change mitigation and current scientific consensus via eight key research challenges. There are four categories where seaweed has been suggested to be used for climate change mitigation: 1) protecting and restoring wild seaweed forests with potential climate change mitigation co-benefits; 2) expanding sustainable nearshore seaweed aquaculture with potential climate change mitigation co-benefits; 3) offsetting industrial CO2 emissions using seaweed products for emission abatement; and 4) sinking seaweed into the deep sea to sequester CO2. Uncertainties remain about quantification of the net impact of carbon export from seaweed restoration and seaweed farming sites on atmospheric CO2. Evidence suggests that nearshore seaweed farming contributes to carbon storage in sediments below farm sites, but how scalable is this process? Products from seaweed aquaculture, such as the livestock methane-reducing seaweed Asparagopsis or low carbon food resources show promise for climate change mitigation, yet the carbon footprint and emission abatement potential remains unquantified for most seaweed products. Similarly, purposely cultivating then sinking seaweed biomass in the open ocean raises ecological concerns and the climate change mitigation potential of this concept is poorly constrained. Improving the tracing of seaweed carbon export to ocean sinks is a critical step in seaweed carbon accounting. Despite carbon accounting uncertainties, seaweed provides many other ecosystem services that justify conservation and restoration and the uptake of seaweed aquaculture will contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, we caution that verified seaweed carbon accounting and associated sustainability thresholds are needed before large-scale investment into climate change mitigation from seaweed projects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  14. Effects of antifouling compounds on the growth of macroalgae Undaria pinnatifida
    Nomura M, Okamura H, Horie Y, Yap CK, Emmanouil C, Uwai S, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2023 Jan;312(Pt 1):137141.
    PMID: 36343734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137141
    Seaweeds are some of the principal primary producers of marine environments, and they are important ecological elements of coastal ecosystems. The effects of harmful chemicals on seaweeds may adversely affect coastal ecosystems, hence we aimed to develop a new phytotoxicity test using the gametophytes of a common temperate kelp species, Undaria pinnatifida (KU-1630), for the widely used antifouling chemical substances Cybutryne, Diuron, Cu2+, and Zn2+. Toxicity to gametophytes of U. pinnatifida was assessed by comparing the relative growth rate (RGR) at the logarithmic growth phase. Fragmentation method, initial algal biomass, photon irradiance, and adhesive period were investigated for developing optimal test conditions. Cybutryne exposure tests were performed with seven replicates and control, the RGR ranging from 0.17 to 0.19, while mean 7-day EC50 and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) were 5.1 μg/L and 1.8 μg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 for other antifoulants was 14 μg/L for Diuron, 17 μg/L for Cu2+, and 1500 μg/L for Zn2+. This test method demonstrated high sensitivity and reproducibility, and it may be added to the routine methods used for toxicity evaluation of hazardous chemicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  15. Fulltext Estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction by utilization of algal biomass bioplastic in Malaysia using carbon emission pinch analysis (CEPA)
    Abdul-Latif NS, Ong MY, Nomanbhay S, Salman B, Show PL
    Bioengineered, 2020 12;11(1):154-164.
    PMID: 32013677 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1718471
    Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission will increase due to the increasing global plastic demand. Statistical data shows that plastic production alone will contribute to at least 20% of the annual global carbon budget in the near future. Hence, several alternative methods are recommended to overcome this problem, such as bio-product synthesis. Algae consist of diverse species and have huge potential to be a promising biomass feedstock for a range of purposes, including bio-oil production. The convenient cultivation method of algae could be one of the main support for algal biomass utilization. The aim of this study is to forecast and outline the strategies in order to meet the future demand (year 2050) of plastic production and, at the same time, reduce CO2 emission by replacing the conventional plastic with bio-based plastic. In this paper, the analysis for 25%, 50% and 75% CO2 reduction has been done by using carbon emission pinch analysis. The strategies of biomass utilization in Malaysia are also enumerated in this study. This study suggested that the algal biomass found in Malaysia coastal areas should be utilized and cultivated on a larger scale in order to meet the increasing plastic demand and, at the same time, reduce carbon footprint. Some of the potential areas for macroalgae sea-farming cultivation in Sabah coastline (Malaysia), comprised of about 3885 km2 (388,500 ha) in total, have been highlighted. These potential areas have the potential to produce up to 14.5 million tonnes (Mt)/y of macroalgae in total, which can contribute 370 Mt of phenol for bioplastic production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed/growth & development; Seaweed/metabolism*
  16. Environmental Control of Vanadium Haloperoxidases and Halocarbon Emissions in Macroalgae
    Punitha T, Phang SM, Juan JC, Beardall J
    Mar Biotechnol (NY), 2018 Jun;20(3):282-303.
    PMID: 29691674 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9820-x
    Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (V-HPO), able to catalyze the reaction of halide ions (Cl-, Br-, I-) with hydrogen peroxide, have a great influence on the production of halocarbons, which in turn are involved in atmospheric ozone destruction and global warming. The production of these haloperoxidases in macroalgae is influenced by changes in the surrounding environment. The first reported vanadium bromoperoxidase was discovered 40 years ago in the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Since that discovery, more studies have been conducted on the structure and mechanism of the enzyme, mainly focused on three types of V-HPO, the chloro- and bromoperoxidases and, more recently, the iodoperoxidase. Since aspects of environmental regulation of haloperoxidases are less well known, the present paper will focus on reviewing the factors which influence the production of these enzymes in macroalgae, particularly their interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed/enzymology; Seaweed/metabolism*
  17. The major bioactive components of seaweeds and their mosquitocidal potential
    Yu KX, Jantan I, Ahmad R, Wong CL
    Parasitol Res, 2014 Sep;113(9):3121-41.
    PMID: 25115733 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4068-5
    Seaweeds are one of the most widely studied natural resources for their biological activities. Novel seaweed compounds with unique chemical structures have been reported for their pharmacological properties. The urge to search for novel insecticidal compound with a new mode of action for development of botanical insecticides supports the relevant scientific research on discovering the bioactive compounds in seaweeds. The mosquitocidal potential of seaweed extracts and their isolated compounds are documented in this review paper, along with the discussion on bioactivities of the major components of seaweeds such as polysaccharides, phenolics, proteins, terpenes, lipids, and halogenated compounds. The effects of seaweed extracts and compounds toward different life stages of mosquito (egg, larva, pupa, and adult), its growth, development, and reproduction are elaborated. The structure-activity relationships of mosquitocidal compounds are discussed to extrapolate the possible chemical characteristics of seaweed compounds responsible for insecticidal properties. Furthermore, the possible target sites and mode of actions of the mosquitocidal seaweed compounds are included in this paper. The potential synergistic effects between seaweeds and commercial insecticides as well as the toxic effects of seaweed extracts and compounds toward other insects and non-target organisms in the same habitat are also described. On top of that, various factors that influence the mosquitocidal potential of seaweeds, such as abiotic and biotic variables, sample preparation, test procedures, and considerations for a precise experimental design are discussed. The potential of active seaweed extracts and compounds in the development of effective bioinsecticide are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed/chemistry*
  18. Fulltext A Global Analysis of the Relationship between Farmed Seaweed Production and Herbivorous Fish Catch
    Hehre EJ, Meeuwig JJ
    PLoS One, 2016;11(2):e0148250.
    PMID: 26894553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148250
    Globally, farmed seaweed production is expanding rapidly in shallow marine habitats. While seaweed farming provides vital income to millions of artisanal farmers, it can negatively impact shallow coral reef and seagrass habitats. However, seaweed farming may also potentially provide food subsidies for herbivorous reef fish such as the Siganidae, a valuable target family, resulting in increased catch. Comparisons of reef fish landings across the central Philippines revealed that the catch of siganids was positively correlated to farmed seaweed production whilst negatively correlated to total reef fish catch over the same period of time. We tested the generality of this pattern by analysing seaweed production, siganid catch, and reef fish catch for six major seaweed-producing countries in the tropics. We hypothesized that increased seaweed production would correspond with increased catch of siganids but not other reef fish species. Analysis of the global data showed a positive correlation between farmed seaweeds and siganids in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines) but not Africa (Tanzania and Zanzibar), or the Western Pacific (Fiji). In Southeast Asia, siganid catch increased disproportionately faster with seaweed production than did reef fish catch. Low continuity, sporadic production and smaller volumes of seaweed farming may explain the differences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
  19. High-performance porous biochar from the pyrolysis of natural and renewable seaweed (Gelidiella acerosa) and its application for the adsorption of methylene blue
    Ahmed MJ, Okoye PU, Hummadi EH, Hameed BH
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Apr;278:159-164.
    PMID: 30685620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.054
    A high-performance porous biochar adsorbent prepared by facile thermal pyrolysis of seaweed (Gelidiella acerosa) is reported. The textural characteristics of the prepared seaweed biochar (SWBC) and the performance in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye were evaluated. The batch experiment for the adsorption of MB was conducted under different parameters, such as temperature, pH, and initial concentration of MB in the range of 25-400 mg/L. The developed SWBC exhibited a relatively high surface area, average pore size, and pore volume of 926.39 m2/g, 2.45 nm, and 0.57 cm3/g, respectively. The high surface area and pristine mineral constituents of the biochar promoted a high adsorption capacity of 512.67 mg/g of MB at 30 °C. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics data best fitted the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order equations. The results indicate that SWBC is efficient for MB adsorption and could be a potential adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed/metabolism*
  20. Mariculture structure adjustment to achieve China's carbon neutrality and mitigate climate change
    Song C, Xiong Y, Jin P, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Ma Z, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2023 Oct 15;895:164986.
    PMID: 37353016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164986
    China is responsible for the biggest shellfish and macroalgae production in the world. In this study, comprehensive methods were used to assess the CO2 release and sequestration by maricultured shellfish and macroalgae in China. Through considering CaCO3 production and CO2 release coefficient (Φ, moles of CO2 released per mole of CaCO3 formed) in different waters, we find that cultured shellfish released 0.741 ± 0.008 Tg C yr-1 through calcification based on the data of 2016-2020. In addition to calcification, maricultured shellfish released 0.580 ± 0.004 Tg C yr-1 by respiration. Meanwhile, shellfish sequestered 0.145 ± 0.001 and 0.0387 ± 0.0004 Tg C yr-1 organic carbon in sediments and shells, respectively. Therefore, the net released CO2 by maricultured shellfish was 1.136 ± 0.011 Tg C yr-1, which is about four times higher than that maricultured macroalgae could sequester (0.280 ± 0.010 Tg C yr-1). To achieve carbon neutrality within the mariculture system, shellfish culture may need to be restricted and meanwhile the expansion of macroalgae cultivation should be carried out. The mean carbon sequestration rate of seven kinds of macroalgae was 174 ± 6 g m-2 yr-1 while some cultivated macroalgae had higher CO2 sequestration rates, e.g. 356 ± 24 g C m-2 yr-1 for Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and 331 ± 17 g C m-2 yr-1 for Undaria pinnatifida. In scenario 0.5 (CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) sequesters 0.5 Gt CO2 per year), using macroalgae culture cannot achieve China's carbon neutrality by 2060 but in scenarios 1.0 and 1.5 (CCUS sequesters 1.0 and 1.5 Gt CO2 per year, respectively) it is feasible to achieve carbon neutrality using some macroalgae species with high carbon sequestration rates. This study provides important insights into how to develop mariculture in the context of carbon-neutrality and climate change mitigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Seaweed*
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