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  1. Chua CT, Wang F
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Sep;38(3):244-50.
    PMID: 6672569
    Study site: CAPD, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  2. Singh HJ, Mohammad NH, Nila A
    J Matern Fetal Med, 1999 May-Jun;8(3):95-100.
    PMID: 10338062
    To ascertain the calcium status in normal pregnant Malay women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  3. Megahed AA, Hiew M, Grünberg W, Trefz FM, Constable PD
    J Dairy Sci, 2019 Aug;102(8):7435-7444.
    PMID: 31202658 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16198
    A portable ion-selective electrode (ISE) meter (LAQUAtwin B-722; Horiba Instruments Inc., Irvine, CA) is available for measuring the sodium ion concentration ([Na]) in biological fluids. The objective of this study was to characterize the analytical performance of the ISE meter in measuring [Na] in whole-blood, plasma, milk, abomasal fluid, and urine samples from cattle. Method comparison studies were performed using whole-blood and plasma samples from 106 sick calves and 11 sick cows admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital, 80 milk and 206 urine samples from 16 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows with experimentally induced free water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances, and 67 abomasal fluid samples from 7 healthy male Holstein-Friesian calves fed fresh milk with or without an oral electrolyte solution. Deming regression and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine the accuracy of the meter against reference methods. The meter used in direct mode on undiluted samples measured whole-blood [Na] 9.7 mmol/L (7.3%) lower than a direct ISE reference method and plasma [Na] 16.7 mmol/L (12.7%) lower than an indirect ISE reference method. The meter run in direct mode measured milk [Na] 3.1 mmol/L lower and abomasal fluid [Na] 9.0% lower than indirect ISE reference methods. The meter run in indirect mode on diluted samples accurately measured urine [Na] compared with an indirect ISE reference method. We conclude that, after adjustment for the bias determined from Bland-Altman plots, the LAQUAtwin ISE meter provides a clinically useful and low-cost cow-side instrument for measuring [Na] in whole blood, plasma, milk, and abomasal fluid.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  4. Arumugasamy N, Siqueira EB
    Med J Malaya, 1970 Dec;25(2):155-60.
    PMID: 4251137
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  5. Wakabayashi H, Wijayanto T, Lee JY, Hashiguchi N, Saat M, Tochihara Y
    PMID: 24490869 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-33-5
    This study investigated the effect of hydration differences on body fluid and temperature regulation between tropical and temperate indigenes exercising in the heat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  6. Asmah BJ, Wan Nazaimoon WM, Norazmi K, Tan TT, Khalid BA
    Horm. Metab. Res., 1997 Nov;29(11):580-3.
    PMID: 9479560 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-979105
    The effect of thyroid hormones on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has not been fully resolved. Highly specific immunoassays for measurement of renin, aldosterone, free T4 (fT4), free T3 (fT3) and ultrasensitive TSH enables a direct and more accurate measurement of these hormones. We investigated the relationship between plasma renin, aldosterone and thyroid hormones in the basal state and after intravenous frusemide. This is a cross-sectional study involving 37 patients with thyrotoxicosis, 42 rendered euthyroid with normal fT4, fT3 and TSH levels, 17 with euthyroid levels of fT4 and fT3 but suppressed TSH, and 11 with hypothyroidism. Basal plasma renin was significantly higher in thyrotoxicosis (63.4 +/- 9.8 microU/ml, mean +/- SEM) compared to euthyroid (32.7 +/- 4.4 microU/ml) and hypothyroid (26.7 +/- 9.8 microU/ml). Basal plasma renin for euthyroid with suppressed TSH (41.0 +/- 7.4 microU/ml) was significantly higher than hypothyroid (p = 0.02). Basal plasma aldosterones were not significantly different except for suppressed TSH (157.7 +/- 13 pg/ml), which was higher than normal (109.9 +/- 10.4 pg/ml; p = 0.04). Following frusemide, plasma renin and aldosterone were significantly increased in all groups. Plasma renin was highly correlated to fT3 (r = 0.405, p < 0.001), total T3 (r = 0.359, p < 0.001), fT4 (r = 0.331, p < 0.001) and TSH (r = 0.300, p < 0.001) in the basal state, but less to total T4 (r = 0.248, p < 0.01). Plasma renin correlated poorly to serum aldosterone (r = 0.212, p < 0.03). This study clearly showed that regulation of renin was mainly influenced by fT3, and that aldosterone response to frusemide was blunted in thyrotoxicosis despite normal electrolytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  7. Gayathri DK, Dhayalen K, Chia YK, Fung YK
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 08;74(4):331-332.
    PMID: 31424043
    Osmotic demyelination syndrome results from overly rapid serum sodium correction and is often iatrogenic. We report a 50-year-old hypertensive woman on Indapamide presenting with malaise, dizziness and serum sodium less than 100mmol/l who developed osmotic demyelination syndrome after correction of the hyponatremia. Good neurological recovery was seen after plasmapheresis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  8. Ruszymah BH, Nabishah BM, Aminuddin S, Khalid BA
    Clin Exp Hypertens, 1995 Apr;17(3):575-91.
    PMID: 7613529
    Glycyrrhizic acid (GCA) the active component of liquorice acts by inhibiting 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-OHSD) which catalyses the reversible conversion of cortisol to cortisone. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of GCA on pulmonary arterial pressure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200g) received drinking water containing 0.1 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml GCA for 12 weeks. Tail blood pressure (BP) was recorded every three weeks and serum Na+ and K+ were measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Right atrial pressure (RAP) were measured at the end of 12 weeks just before the animals were sacrificed. Lung tissues were taken for histological examination using the elastic-van Gieson (EVG) staining method. There was a significant increase in tail BP in GCA treated rats compared to controls, for both dosages used. This was associated with an increase in serum Na+ and a decrease in K+ level. The mean RAP increased significantly from 2.69 +/- 0.23 mmHg to 4.47 +/- 0.32 mmHg (P < 0.001) in 0.1 mg/ml GCA treated rats and 6.86 +/- 0.54 mmHg (P < 0.0001) in rats receiving 1.0 mg/ml GCA in their drinking water. Histological examination showed increased thickness of pulmonary arterial wall (P < 0.0001). In conclusion GCA caused an increase in right atrial pressure as well as thickening of the pulmonary vessels suggesting pulmonary hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  9. Moyson S, Liew HJ, Fazio A, Van Dooren N, Delcroix A, Faggio C, et al.
    PMID: 27521798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.003
    In the present study, the effect of copper was examined in the common goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus). Fish were fasted and exposed to either a high (0.84μM), a low (0.34μM) or a control copper concentration (0.05μM) for 1 and 7days. Swimming performance was not affected by either fasting or copper exposure. Food deprivation alone had no effect on ionoregulation, but low plasma osmolality levels and plasma Na(+) were noticed in fasted fish exposed to Cu for 7days. Both gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and H(+)-ATPase activities were undisturbed, while both kidney ATPase activities were up-regulated when challenged with the high Cu levels. Up-regulated kidney ATPase activities likely acted as compensatory strategy to enhance Na(+) reabsorption. However, this up-regulation was not sufficient to restore Na(+) to control levels in the highest exposure group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  10. Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Yam MF, Abdullah GZ, et al.
    Neurourol Urodyn, 2011 Mar;30(3):438-46.
    PMID: 21284025 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21007
    We assessed the role of renal sympathetic nervous system in the deterioration of renal hemodynamic and excretory functions in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  11. Loh SY, Giribabu N, Salleh N
    Steroids, 2017 Dec;128:128-135.
    PMID: 28954214 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.09.008
    We hypothesized that testosterone-induced increase in blood pressure involve changes in aldosterone levels and expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidneys.

    METHODS: Ovariectomized female normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats were given six weeks treatment with testosterone via subcutaneous silastic implant. The rats were anesthetized and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via direct cannulation of the carotid artery. Animals were sacrificed and kidneys were removed and subjected for α, β and γ-ENaC protein and mRNA expression analyses by Western blotting and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. Distributions of α, β and γ-ENaC proteins in kidneys were observed by immunofluorescence. Plasma testosterone, aldosterone, electrolytes, osmolality, urea and creatinine levels were determined by biochemical assays. Analysis were also performed in non-testosterone treated orchidectomized and sham-operated male WKY and SHR rats.

    RESULTS: Treatment of ovariectomized female WKY and SHR rats with testosterone causes increased in MAP but decreased in plasma aldosterone, sodium (Na+), osmolality and expression and distribution of α, β and γ-ENaC subunits in the kidneys. Orchidectomy decreased the MAP but increased plasma aldosterone, Na+, osmolality and α, β and γ-ENaC expression and distribution in the kidneys of male WKY and SHR rats.

    CONCLUSIONS: Decreased in plasma aldosterone, Na+ and ENaC levels in kidneys under testosterone influence indicated that testosterone-induced increased in MAP were not due to increased plasma aldosterone and ENaC levels in kidneys, and thus the testosterone effect on MAP likely involve other mechanisms.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  12. Kong CH, Ibrahim MF, Zainuddin ZM
    Ann Saudi Med, 2009;29(6):429-32.
    PMID: 19847078 DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.57163
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: For treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Plasma Kinetic loop Resection of the Prostate (PKRP) is an alternative to conventional monopolar transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). We compared outcomes with the two treatments in a randomized trial.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a one-year period, we randomly assigned patients with an indication for surgery for BPH and who met inclusion criteria to treatment with either PKRP or TURP. We measured prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound, relief of bladder outlet obstruction, operative time, decline in serum sodium and hemoglobin, weight of resected prostatic chips, duration of catheterization and hospital stay. Patients were evaluated one month after discharge for obstructive symptoms. Complications were also recorded.

    RESULTS: Of 102 patients enrolled, 51 underwent PKRP and 51 underwent TURP. Relief of obstructive symptoms and mean operative time showed no statistically significant difference. The PKRP group had a smaller decline in hemoglobin than the TURP group (0.6 g/dL vs 1.8 g/dL, P=.01), a lower reduction in serum sodium levels (1.03 mmol/L vs 5.01 mmol/L, P=.01), a shorter catheterization time (37.2 hours versus 57.7 hours, P=.03) and a shorter hospital stay (1.5 days versus 2.6 days, P=.02). One patient in the bipolar PKRP group needed recatheterization versus four patients in the TURP group.

    CONCLUSION: PKRP reduces morbidity with an outcome similar to conventional monopolar TURP in the treatment of BPH.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  13. Iqbal MO, Yahya EB
    Tissue Cell, 2021 Oct;72:101525.
    PMID: 33780659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101525
    Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely employed clinically due to their powerful bactericidal activities, less bacterial resistance compared to beta lactam group and low cost. However, their use has been limited in recent years due to their potential induction of nephrotoxicity. Here we investigate the possibility of reversing nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin in rat models by using ethanolic crude extract of the medicinal plant Jatropha Mollissima. Nephrotoxic male Wistar rats was obtained by gentamicin antibiotic, which then treated with two doses of J. mollissima crude extract for 3 weeks with monitoring their parameter in weekly base. Our results indicate that J. mollissima crude extract at both doses has strong protection ability against gentamicin nephrotoxicity, most of tested parameters backed to normal values after few days from the administration of the crude extract, which could be due to the antagonized the biochemical action of gentamicin on the proximal tubules of the kidney. The results of histopathologic analysis showed observable improvement in J. mollissima treated groups compared with untreated groups. Our findings suggests the J. mollissima has exceptional nephron protection potentials able to reverse the nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin antibiotic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  14. Sattar MA, Yusof AP, Gan EK, Sam TW, Johns EJ
    J Auton Pharmacol, 2001 5 15;20(5-6):297-304.
    PMID: 11350495
    1. This study compared the effect of a non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a series of clonidine analogues on blood pressure and renal function in a two-kidney two-clip Goldblatt rat model of hypertension subjected to 2 weeks of dietary sodium deprivation. 2. Animals received either vehicle, the angiotensin II antagonist, ZD7155 or structural analogues derived from clonidine (AL-11, AL-12 and CN-10) at 10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 4 days. 3. All groups of rats had systolic blood pressure in the hypertensive range (160-180 mmHg). ZD7155 caused a 33-mmHg fall in blood pressure (P < 0.05) and raised plasma urea and creatinine four- to six-fold. 4. AL-12 decreased blood pressure by 30 mmHg (P < 0.05), but had no effect on water intake, urine flow or plasma urea and creatinine. AL-11 and CN-10 had minimal effects on blood pressure and water intake and while CN-10 decreased urine flow on the third treatment day, AL-11 markedly reduced urine flow by some 70%. 5. These data show that in this sodium deficient renovascular model of hypertension, blockade of angiotensin II receptors normalizes blood pressure but causes renal failure, whereas the vasodepressor action of the clonidine analogue AL-12 occurs without detriment to renal function. These findings imply that angiotensin II receptor antagonists could lead to renal failure if used as antihypertensive agents in renovascular hypertension whereas this would be avoided with the use of clonidine-like analogues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
  15. Fernando HA, Chandramouli C, Rosli D, Lam YL, Yong ST, Yaw HP, et al.
    Nutrients, 2014 Nov 04;6(11):4856-71.
    PMID: 25375630 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114856
    Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) ameliorates many components of the metabolic syndrome, but its potential therapeutic use is marred by edema caused by inhibition of renal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2). We assessed whether 100 mg/kg per day GA administered orally could promote metabolic benefits without causing edema in rats fed on a high-sucrose diet. Groups of eight male rats were fed on one of three diets for 28 days: normal diet, a high-sucrose diet, or a high-sucrose diet supplemented with GA. Rats were then culled and renal 11β-HSD2 activity, as well as serum sodium, potassium, angiotensin II and leptin levels were determined. Histological analyses were performed to assess changes in adipocyte size in visceral and subcutaneous depots, as well as hepatic and renal tissue morphology. This dosing paradigm of GA attenuated the increases in serum leptin levels and visceral, but not subcutaneous adipocyte size caused by the high-sucrose diet. Although GA decreased renal 11β-HSD2 activity, it did not affect serum electrolyte or angiotensin II levels, indicating no onset of edema. Furthermore, there were no apparent morphological changes in the liver or kidney, indicating no toxicity. In conclusion, it is possible to reap metabolic benefits of GA without edema using the current dosage and treatment time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/blood
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