Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 30 in total

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  1. Fulltext MR Volumetry of Hippocampus in Normal Adult Malay of Age 50 Years Old and Above
    Embong MF, Yaacob R, Abdullah MS, Abdul Karim AH, Ghazali AK, Jalaluddin WM
    Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Jul;20(4):25-31.
    PMID: 24043993 MyJurnal
    Hippocampal volume is affected by several psychiatric illnesses of old age, as well as by normal aging. It is important to have a normal data in a population to assist in diagnosis. The aim of this study is to determine hippocampal volume in normal Malay people aged 50 years old and older.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  2. Focal epilepsy recruiting a generalised network of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a case report
    Khaing M, Lim KS, Tan CT
    Epileptic Disord, 2014 Sep;16(3):370-4.
    PMID: 25166001 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2014.0672
    We report a patient with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy who subsequently developed temporal lobe epilepsy, which gradually became clinically dominant. Video telemetry revealed both myoclonic seizures and temporal lobe seizures. The temporal lobe seizures were accompanied by a focal recruiting rhythm with rapid generalisation on EEG, in which the ictal EEG pattern during the secondary generalised phase was morphologically similar to the ictal pattern during myoclonic seizures. The secondary generalised seizures of the focal epilepsy responded to sodium valproate, similar to the myoclonic epilepsy. In this rare case of coexistent Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy and Temporal lobe epilepsy, the possibility of focal epilepsy recruiting a generalised epileptic network was proposed and discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/complications*; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology
  3. Fulltext Effective connectivity between superior temporal gyrus and Heschl's gyrus during white noise listening: linear versus non-linear models
    Hamid K, Yusoff A, Rahman M, Mohamad M, Hamid A
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2012 Apr;8(2):e13.
    PMID: 22970069 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.8.2.e13
    This fMRI study is about modelling the effective connectivity between Heschl's gyrus (HG) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in human primary auditory cortices. MATERIALS #ENTITYSTARTX00026;
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  4. Structured Imaging Approach for Viral Encephalitis
    Ramli NM, Bae YJ
    Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2023 Feb;33(1):43-56.
    PMID: 36404046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.002
    MR imaging is essential in diagnosing viral encephalitis. Clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and pathogen confirmation by polymerase chain reaction can be supported by assessing imaging features. MR imaging patterns with typical locations can identify pathogens such as temporal lobe for herpes simplex virus type 1; bilateral thalami for Japanese encephalitis and influenza virus ; and brainstem for enterovirus and rabies. In this article, we have reviewed representative viral encephalitis and its MR imaging patterns. In addition, we also presented acute viral encephalitis without typical MR imaging patterns, such as dengue and varicella-zoster virus encephalitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  5. Fulltext Malaysian children with: "benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes"
    Manonmani V, Tan CT
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Jun;35(3):247-9.
    PMID: 7997896
    Benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECT) was studied in Malaysian children, and was observed in Chinese, Malay and Indian children in the ratio 10:6:5. There were 12 boys and 9 girls. Fit frequency varied from almost daily to a single fit. The age of onset ranged from 2-13 years and BECT was not noted in any child over 13 years old. There was a strong circadian rhythm and fits occurred mainly in sleep. Generalised seizures were more common than partial seizures. During the 3-year study from April 1989 to April 1992, 21 children with BECT were identified from the EEG records done at the University Hospital and it was found that this genetic epilepsy which is autosomal dominant with age dependent penetrance occurs in approximately 4.8% of our epileptic children. In addition there were 3 children in whom petit mal co-existed with a BECT EEG trait.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/drug therapy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/ethnology; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology*
  6. Fulltext Cortical spreading depression during repeated stimulation - a magnetoencephalographic study
    Begum, T., Reza, F., Abdullah, J.M.
    ASM Science Journal, 2011;5(2):115-121.
    MyJurnal
    Reflex epilepsy is usually induced by external stimulation, photosensitive epilepsy being the most common. Epilepsy induced by auditory stimulation is rarely studied. There are no currently published magnetoencephalographic (MEG) studies demonstrating the initiation of epileptic neuronal discharges by repeated auditory stimulations in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. We retrospectively studied one TLE patient who underwent a MEG study to localize her epileptic focus. Auditory, somatosensory, visual and motor evoked potential studies were performed during the MEG recording. A single dipole method calculated equivalent current dipoles to localize the epileptic source. The least-squares minimization method was used to obtain the optimal solution with goodness-of-fit of greater than 80%. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) were recorded in the temporal region when repeated auditory stimulations were done. We postulated that neuronal cortical suppression occurred during repeated stimulations which provoked epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) without any physical symptoms or aura. It was concluded that repeated stimulations could facilitate epileptiform discharges in focal area/areas in certain subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Temporal Lobe
  7. Fulltext Neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy surgery - preliminary experience in a rural tertiary care hospital in north East malaysia
    Sayuthi S, Tharakan J, Pieter MS, Salmah WM, Madhavan M, Tahir A, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2009 Jan;16(1):39-43.
    PMID: 22589647 MyJurnal
    We present our preliminary experience in neuropsychological testing in epilepsy surgery patients to demonstrate how these tests contributed to decide the laterality of epileptic focus, and to assess the effect of surgery on patient's cognitive function and quality of life. Preoperative neuropsychological tests consisting of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS) for IQ, Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS) for memory and patients' quality of life (QOLIE 31) were administered to refractory epilepsy patients under evaluation for surgical treatment. These tests were repeated one year after surgery and we studied any changes in trends. A total of seven patients were recruited in this study between July 2004 and July 2006. The aetiologies of refractory epilepsy were pure mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) in five patients, dysembryogenic neuroepithelial tumour (DNET) in one and dual lesion of cavernous angioma with ipsilateral MTS in one. The preoperative neuropsychological tests were all in concordance to MRI finding, and showed good contralateral function; five lateralises to the right and two to the left. The post-operative Engel seizure count (median 8.00, IQR 7.00-8.75), general IQ (88 vs. 79), performance IQ (94 vs. 79), verbal memory (89 vs. 71), non-verbal memory (88 vs. 75) and QOLIE (53.14 vs. 44.71) were better compared to preoperative values. The verbal IQ (84 vs. 84) was unchanged. Neuropsychological tests are useful as ancillary investigations to determine the laterality of seizure focus and integrity of function in the contralateral temporal lobe. Following successful surgical treatment, there is a trend towards improvement in memory, IQ and quality of life scores in this small group of patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Temporal Lobe
  8. Fulltext Observation of auditory perceptual and visuo-spatial characteristic of a patient with hemangiopericytoma in occipital lobe: a magnetoencephalography (MEG) study
    Hanani Abdul Manan, Jafri Malin Abdullah, Zamzuri Idris, Mohammed Faruque Reza, Muhammad Hafiz Hanaf
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2018;16(2):85-91.
    MyJurnal
    The present study discussed functional reorganization and alteration in respond to the slow-growing tumour,
    hemangiopericytoma in the occipital cortex. Visual evoked field (VEF) and auditory evoked field (AEF) using
    magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to evaluate the source localization and brain activity. Results of VEF source
    localization show a typical brain waves. Brain activity of the occipital lobe demonstrate low activation in the ipsilateral
    to the tumour. However, result shows the activation on the contralateral hemisphere was high and bigger in activation
    volume. AEF result shows an identical source localization and both side of the temporal lobe are activated. This result
    suggests that there is a positive plasticity in auditory cortex and slow-growing tumour can induce functional reorganization
    and alteration to the brain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  9. Fulltext Normalised MRI Volumetry of the Hippocampus among Normal Malay Children and Adolescents
    Jalaluddin WM, Mat Jusoh N, Ali Basahai IA, Abdullah MS, Abdul Karim AH, Gazali AK
    Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Jan;20(1):31-8.
    PMID: 23785253 MyJurnal
    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method for determining brain morphology and volumetry. Hippocampal volume changes are observed in conjunction with several diseases. This study aimed to determine the normalised volume of the hippocampus in normal Malay children and adolescents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  10. Fulltext Epilepsy surgery on dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours
    Sayuthi S, Tharakan J, George J, Pieter MS, Salmah WM, Madhavan M, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):374-6.
    PMID: 17240596 MyJurnal
    Two rare cases of intractable epilepsy caused by Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumours (DNET) are reported and their different management discussed. The first case required vagal nerve stimulation and radiosurgery while the later was operated with the help of neuronavigation. Both had good outcome according to Engel classification after a one year follow up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/etiology*; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/surgery*
  11. MRI-based brain structural changes following radiotherapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A systematic review
    Voon NS, Lau FN, Zakaria R, Md Rani SA, Ismail F, Manan HA, et al.
    Cancer Radiother, 2021 Feb;25(1):62-71.
    PMID: 33414057 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.07.008
    PURPOSE: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radiotherapy (RT) irradiates parts of the brain which may cause cerebral tissue changes. This study aimed to systematically review the brain microstructure changes using MRI-based measures, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and the impact of dose and latency following RT.

    METHODS: PubMed and Scopus databases were searched based on PRISMA guideline to determine studies focusing on changes following NPC RT.

    RESULTS: Eleven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Microstructural changes occur most consistently in the temporal region. The changes were correlated with latency in seven studies; fractional anisotropy (FA) and gray matter (GM) volume remained low even after a longer period following RT and areas beyond irradiation site with reduced FA and GM measures. For dosage, only one study showed correlation, thus requiring further investigations.

    CONCLUSION: DTI, DKI and VBM may be used as a surveillance tool in detecting brain microstructural changes of NPC patients which correlates to latency and brain areas following RT.

    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe/radiation effects; Temporal Lobe/ultrastructure
  12. Clinical, semiological, electroencephalographic, and neuropsychological features of "pure" neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy
    Maizuliana H, Usui N, Terada K, Kondo A, Inoue Y
    Epileptic Disord, 2020 Feb 01;22(1):55-65.
    PMID: 32031536 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2020.1132
    We examined the clinical, semiological, scalp EEG, and neuropsychological features of patients with "pure" neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (NTLE) who were successfully treated by neocortical temporal resection sparing the mesial temporal structures. This retrospective study included 17 patients with lesional NTLE who satisfied the following criteria: presence of a discrete structural lesion in the lateral temporal lobe on preoperative MRI; lateral temporal resection sparing the mesial temporal structures; follow-up for at least two years after surgery; and favourable postoperative seizure outcome (Engel Class I). The study included 10 females and seven males, and the age at surgery ranged from 15 to 48 years (mean: 30.7 years). Auras, video-recorded seizure semiology, interictal and ictal EEG, and pre- and post-operative neuropsychological data were reviewed. Twenty patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis, who had a favourable postoperative seizure outcome (Engel Class I), were selected as a control group. Age at seizure onset was significantly greater in patients with NTLE than in controls. A history of febrile convulsion was significantly less frequent in NTLE patients. Epigastric ascending sensation (6% versus 40%; p=0.017), oral automatisms (29% versus 80%; p=0.003), gestural automatisms (47% versus 80%; p=0.047), and dystonic posturing (0% versus 40%; p=0.003) were significantly less frequent in NTLE than controls. Ictal unitemporal rhythmic theta activity was also significantly less frequent in NTLE than controls (35.3% versus 75%; p=0.015). Preoperative IQ score (range: 68 to 114; mean: 88.9) and preoperative memory quotient score (range: 56-122; mean: 98.1) were significantly higher in NTLE (p=0.003 and p=0.048, respectively). There were notable differences in clinical, semiological, EEG, and neuropsychological features between "pure" NTLE and MTLE. These findings may be useful to identify the epileptogenic zone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/complications; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology*; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/surgery
  13. A Novel Technique Using Customized Headgear for Fixation of Rigid External Distraction Device in an Infant With Crouzon Syndrome
    Hariri F, Rahman ZA, Mahdah S, Mathaneswaran V, Ganesan D
    J Craniofac Surg, 2015 Nov;26(8):e740-4.
    PMID: 26594993 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000002174
    Rigid external distraction device is often indicated for superior midfacial advancement in pediatric syndromic craniosynostosis patients. Even though the technique is proven reliable to treat the functional issues related to the craniofacial deformity, major complications associated with its fixation, such as intracranial pin perforation and migration have been reported. We report a novel technique of using a customized headgear to prevent intracranial pin perforation over a very thin temporal bone region in an 8-month-old infant with Crouzon syndrome who underwent monobloc Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis using a combination of bilateral internal and a rigid external distraction device. The customized headgear provides a protective platform at the temporal region thus preventing intracranial pin perforation and allows stable fixation during the early phase of consolidation period to prevent central component relapse. The headgear can be used short term when rigid external distractor is indicated in infant patient but requires close monitoring because of risks of skin necrosis and temporal region indentation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  14. Fulltext Effects of Stochastic Facilitation in Healthy Subjects with Different Auditory Working Memory Capacity
    Othman, E. A., Mohamad, M., Abdul Manan, H., Yusoff, A. N.
    Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(2):27-31.
    MyJurnal
    This study investigated the effects of stochastic facilitation in healthy subjects with normal and low auditory working memory capacity (AWMC). Forty healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. They performed a backward recall task (BRT) in quiet and under four white noise intensity levels: 45, 50, 55, and 60 dB. Brain activations during the task were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The behavioral performance in both groups increased significantly in 50 and 55 dB white noise. The normal AWMC group (mean score = 48.70) demonstrated higher activation in the superior temporal gyrus and prefrontal cortex than the low AWMC group (mean score = 30.85). However, comparisons in the brain activation between groups for all noise levels were not statistically different. The results support previous findings that stochastic facilitation enhances cognitive performance in healthy individuals. The results also proposed that brain activity among healthy subjects is more or less similar, at least in the context of auditory working memory. These findings indicated that there were no differential effects of stochastic facilitation in healthy subjects with different AWMC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  15. Fulltext Brain activations evoked by passive and active listening: a preliminary study on multiple subjects
    Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Mazlyfarina Mohamad, Mohd Mahadir Ayob, Mohd Harith Hashim
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(1):35-60.
    MyJurnal
    A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted on 4 healthy male and female subjects to investigate brain activation during passive and active listening. Two different experimental conditions were separately used in this study. The first condition requires the subjects to listen to a simple arithmetic instruction (e.g. one-plus-two-plus-three-plus-four) - passive listening. In the second condition, the subjects were given the same series of arithmetic instruction and were required to listen and perform the calculation - active listening. The data were then analysed using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5) and the MATLAB 7.4 (R2007a) programming softwares. The results obtained from the fixed (FFX) and random effects analyses (RFX) show that the active-state signal intensity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the resting-state signal intensity for both conditions. The results also indicate significant differences (p < 0.001) in brain activation between passive and active listening. The activated cortical regions during passive listening, as obtained from the FFX of the first condition is symmetrical in the left and right temporal and frontal lobes covering the cortical auditory areas. However, for the second condition, which was active listening, more activation occurs in the left hemisphere with a reduction in the number of activated voxels and their signal intensity in the right hemisphere. Activation mainly occurs in the middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and several other areas in the frontal lobes. The point of maximum signal intensity has been shifted to a new coordinates during active listening. It is also observed that the magnetic resonance signal intensity and the number of activated voxel in the right and left superior temporal lobes for the second condition have been reduced as compared to that of the first condition. The results obtained strongly suggest the existence of functional specialisation. The results also indicate different networks for the two conditions. These networks clearly pertain to the existence of functional connectivity between activation areas during listening and listening while performing a simple arithmetic task.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  16. Fulltext Spontaneous temporosphenoidal meningoencephalo cele as a rare cause of non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea
    Bushra Johari, Hazman Mohd Nor, Kumar, Gnana, Narayanan, Prepageran
    Neurology Asia, 2015;20(2):203-206.
    MyJurnal

    Cranial encephaloceles are rare conditions, which are more commonly seen in the anterior rather than in the middle cranial fossa. Temporal lobe encephalocele can present with a variety of clinical symptoms, amongst which include occult or symptomatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula. We present a case of a patient with a short history of rhinorrhea who was found to have a CSF pool in the sphenoid sinus and right anteromedial temporosphenoidal encephalocele, which mimics sphenoid mucocoele, a much more common entity. This case highlights the imaging findings of temporosphenoidal encephalocoele and the diagnostic clues in differentiating this rare condition from the commoner mimics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  17. Fulltext The Acquisition, Analyses and Interpretation of fMRI Data: A Study on Functional Specialisation in Primary Auditory Cortices
    Yusuf, A.N., Abdul Hamid, K., Mohamad, M., Abd hamid, A.I.
    Medicine & Health, 2008;3(2):300-317.
    MyJurnal
    In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to investigate func-tional specialisation in human auditory cortices during listening. A silent fMRI paradigm was used to reduce the scanner sound artefacts on functional images. The subject was instructed to pay attention to the white noise stimulus binaurally given at an inten-sity level of 70 dB higher than the hearing level for normal people. Functional speciali-sation was studied using the Matlab-based Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5) software by means of fixed effects (FFX), random effects (RFX) and conjunction analyses. Individual analyses on all subjects indicated asymmetrical bilateral activation of the left and right hemispheres in Brodmann areas (BA) 22, 41 and 42, involving the primary and secondary auditory cortices. The percentage of signal change is larger in the BA22, 41 and 42 on the right as compared to the ones on the left (p>0.05). The average number of activated voxels in all the respective Brodmann areas are higher in the right hemisphere than in the left (p>0.05). FFX results showed that the point of maximum intensity was in the right BA41 whereby 599±1 activated voxels were ob-served in the right temporal lobe as compared to 485±1 in the left temporal lobe. The RFX results were consistent with that of FFX. The analysis of conjunction which fol-lowed, showed that the right BA41 and left BA22 as the common activated areas in all subjects. The results confirmed the specialisation of the right auditory cortices in pro-cessing non verbal stimuli.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  18. Fulltext Late Temporal Lobe Extensive Osteoradionecrosis Post Radiation for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Case Series
    Tang CL, Kumar R, Toh CJ, Azura S, Tan GC, Gendeh BS
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2017 Sep;69(3):409-414.
    PMID: 28929077 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-015-0909-5
    Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complications of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We report three cases of osteoradionecrosis in temporal lobe who presented differently few years after completion of radiotherapy. Cranial magnetic resonance image showed lesions in temporal lobe either unilateral or bilateral with mass effect. One of the cases even showed disease progression few years after the initial diagnosis of osteoradionecrosis. Diagnosis of osteoradionecrosis for all three patients was confirmed by biopsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
  19. Valproate-induced reversible sensorineural hearing loss: a case report with serial audiometry and pharmacokinetic modelling during a valproate rechallenge
    Yeap LL, Lim KS, Lo YL, Bakar MZ, Tan CT
    Epileptic Disord, 2014 Sep;16(3):375-9.
    PMID: 25167568 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2014.0671
    Hearing loss has been reported with valproic acid (VPA) use. However, this is the first case of VPA-induced hearing loss that was tested and confirmed with a VPA rechallenge, supported by serial audiometry and pharmacokinetic modelling. A 39-year-old truck driver with temporal lobe epilepsy was treated with VPA at 400 mg, twice daily, and developed hearing loss after each dose, but recovered within three hours. Hearing loss fully resolved after VPA discontinuation. Audiometry performed five hours after VPA rechallenge showed significant improvement in hearing thresholds. Pharmacokinetic modelling during the VPA rechallenge showed that hearing loss occurred at a level below the therapeutic range. Brainstem auditory evoked potential at three months after VPA discontinuation showed bilateral conduction defect between the cochlear and superior olivary nucleus, supporting a pre-existing auditory deficit. VPA may cause temporary hearing threshold shift. Pre-existing auditory defect may be a risk factor for VPA-induced hearing loss. Caution should be taken while prescribing VPA to patients with pre-existing auditory deficit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/drug therapy*; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology
  20. Fulltext Cholinesterase inhibitors from botanicals
    Ahmed F, Ghalib RM, Sasikala P, Ahmed KK
    Pharmacogn Rev, 2013 Jul;7(14):121-30.
    PMID: 24347920 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.120511
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, wherein a progressive loss of cholinergic synapses occurs in hippocampus and neocortex. Decreased concentration of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), appears to be critical element in the development of dementia, and the most appropriate therapeutic approach to treat AD and other form of dementia is to restore acetylcholine levels by inhibiting both major form of cholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Consequently, researches have focused their attention towards finding cholinesterase inhibitors from natural products. A large number of such inhibitors have been isolated from medicinal plants. This review presents a comprehensive account of the advances in field of cholinesterase inhibitor phytoconstituents. The structures of some important phytoconstituents (collected through www.Chemspider.com) are also presented and the scope for future research is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temporal Lobe
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