Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 23 in total

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  1. Yap FC, Chen HN, Chan BKK
    Sci Rep, 2023 Jun 14;13(1):9668.
    PMID: 37316644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33738-3
    Coral-associated organisms often exhibit a continuum of host specificities. We do not know whether the variation in host specificity is related to the settlement organs or preferential settlement behaviours of the larvae. We examined the morphology of attachment discs, the settlement and metamorphosis of coral barnacles-Pyrgoma cancellatum (lives in a single coral species), Nobia grandis (two families of corals), and Armatobalanus allium (six families of corals). Our results revealed that the attachment organ of all three species are spear-shaped with sparse villi, indicating that the morphology of the attachment organs does not vary among species with different host specificities. Larvae of P. cancellatum and N. grandis only settle on their specific hosts, suggesting that chemical cues are involved in the settlement. Cyprids of N. grandis display close searching behaviour before settlement. Cyprids of P. cancellatum settle immediately on their specific host corals, without any exploratory behaviour. The host specificity and exploratory behaviours of coral barnacle cyprids are results of adaptive evolution. We argue that there is a trade-off between exploration and energy conservation for metamorphosis processes. Coral barnacle metamorphosis is longer when compared to free-living species, likely because it involves the development of a tube-shaped base on the coral surface.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica*
  2. Dutta AK, Mageswari RU, Gayathri A, Dallfin Bruxella JM, Ishak MK, Mostafa SM, et al.
    Comput Intell Neurosci, 2022;2022:7776319.
    PMID: 35694571 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7776319
    Biomedical engineering involves ideologies and problem-solving methods of engineering to biology and medicine. Malaria is a life-threatening illness, which has gained significant attention among researchers. Since the manual diagnosis of malaria in a clinical setting is tedious, automated tools based on computational intelligence (CI) tools have gained considerable interest. Though earlier studies were focused on the handcrafted features, the diagnostic accuracy can be boosted through deep learning (DL) methods. This study introduces a new Barnacles Mating Optimizer with Deep Transfer Learning Enabled Biomedical Malaria Parasite Detection and Classification (BMODTL-BMPC) model. The presented BMODTL-BMPC model involves the design of intelligent models for the recognition and classification of malaria parasites. Initially, the Gaussian filtering (GF) approach is employed to eradicate noise in blood smear images. Then, Graph cuts (GC) segmentation technique is applied to determine the affected regions in the blood smear images. Moreover, the barnacles mating optimizer (BMO) algorithm with the NasNetLarge model is employed for the feature extraction process. Furthermore, the extreme learning machine (ELM) classification model is employed for the identification and classification of malaria parasites. To assure the enhanced outcomes of the BMODTL-BMPC technique, a wide-ranging experimentation analysis is performed using a benchmark dataset. The experimental results show that the BMODTL-BMPC technique outperforms other recent approaches.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica*
  3. Yap FC, Wong WL, Chong VC, Bong CW, Lim LS
    Arthropod Struct Dev, 2023 Sep;76:101298.
    PMID: 37672818 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101298
    The advancements in microscopic techniques have stimulated great interest in the muscular and neural architectures of invertebrates, specifically using muscle and neural structures to infer phylogenetic relationships. Here, we provide the data on the development of the muscular and nervous systems during the larval development of stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata using the phalloidin F-actin and immunohistochemical labelling (e.g. acetylated α-tubulin and serotonin) and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. All naupliar stages shared the same muscle and neural architectures with only the discrepancy in size. The nauplii have a complex muscle arrangement in their feeding apparatus and naupliar appendages. Most naupliar muscles undergo histolyse during the cyprid metamorphosis. The cyprid muscles form beneath the head shield at the end of nauplius VI. The naupliar and cyprid central nervous systems exhibit the typical tripartite brain comprising the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum. The serotonin-like immunoreactivity is mainly found in the naupliar brain, mandibular ganglia, cyprid brain and posterior ganglia. Our study revealed that numerous muscle and neural architectures in the naupliar and cyprids have phylogenetic significance, but future studies on the myoanatomy and neuroanatomy of other barnacle species are necessary to determine the homology of these structures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica*
  4. Frica Esther Anak Kik, Ubong Imang
    MyJurnal
    Pada era globalisasi ini, pembangunan negara tidak dapat diseimbangkan dengan baik memandangkan pembangunan fizikal semakin lebih pesat berbanding pembangunan sosial, terutamanya di bandarbandar besar yang sedang membangun. Oleh sebab itu, pembangunan sosial haruslah diambil perhatian supaya pembangunan fizikal dan sosial dapat dibangunkan dengan seimbang dan juga seiring. Dasar Sosial negara turut memberikan penekanan kepada aspek sosial, ekonomi dan teknologi. Di Malaysia, kajian yang melibatkan pembangunan sosial kanak-kanak dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial di kawasan perumahan adalah kurang diambil perhatian oleh para penyelidik. Maka, kajian ini dilakukan untuk membincangkan mengenai kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat bandar di kawasan perumahan. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan mengenai dua perkara penting dalam perancangan bandar iaitu perancangan sosial dan kesejahteraan sosial bandar. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan kepada penelitian terhadap kajian-kajian lepas dan dan juga meneliti Pelan Struktur Sabah 2033 yang diperolehi daripada Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Wilayah negeri Sabah serta temubual berstruktur bersama pegawai Jabatan Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Wilayah negeri Sabah . Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa perancangan sosial yang baik dapat memberikan impak yang cukup besar dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat bandar. Taman permainan juga telah dikenalpasti mampu memberikan kesan positif kepada kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat bandar di kawasan perumahan. Hal ini kerana, taman permainan berperanan sebagai tempat pertemuan sosial, iaitu tempat berkumpul dan saling mengenali antara ibu bapa dan juga anak-anak jiran tertangga.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  5. Nurul Azita Salleh, Kamal Ab Hamid, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, Muhammad Nazrin Shah Zakaria, Suzana Abd Mutalib
    MyJurnal
    Medium penyampaian maklumat merupakan media pengajaran utama yang digunakan dalam menyampaikan
    maklumat kepada pekerja tempatan dan juga asing dalam Kursus Induksi Keselamatan dan Kesihatan (KIKK).
    Justeru, kertas kerja ini menumpukan kepada perbincangan mengenai permasalahan serta hasil kajian lepas berkaitan
    penggunaan media penyampaian maklumat sedia ada oleh pekerja asing dalam KIKK. Kesimpulan hasil kajian
    perpustakaan mendapati terdapat beberapa masalah penggunaan media penyampaian maklumat sedia ada ini daripada
    aspek penggunaan bahasa, cara penyampaian dan medium penyampaian. Bahasa Melayu lazimnya digunakan sebagai
    bahasa pengantar semasa penyampaian maklumat dalam KIKK sama ada dalam bentuk teks mahupun penyampaian
    lisan. Namun, penggunaan Bahasa Melayu ini didapati tidak difahami oleh kebanyakan pekerja asing terutamanya
    pekerja asing bukan warga Indonesia. Cara penyampaian maklumat juga dilihat bersifat satu hala dan kurang difahami
    serta medium penyampaian yang digunakan kurang interaktif dan berbentuk presentasi. Malah, medium penyampaian
    maklumat seperti PowerPoint yang digunakan masih belum cukup kemas untuk memenuhi keperluan kerja pekerja
    asing di tapak bina yang mana teks bahasa Melayu terlalu panjang digunakan, susunan teks dan grafik tidak kemas,
    saiz teks tidak konsisten serta penggunaan grafik yang kurang jelas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  6. Zun Liang Chuan, Nor Azura Md Ghani, Choong-Yeun Liong, Abdul Aziz Jemain
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1339-1344.
    Oleh sebab kejadian jenayah bersenjata api semakin berleluasa, pengecaman senjata api yang digunakan oleh penjenayah amat diperlukan sebagai bahan bukti dalam mahkamah. Beberapa sistem pengecaman senjata api telah diutarakan sebagai pengganti kepada cara penyiasatan tradisional yang amat bergantung kepada kepakaran ahli balistik. Pemetakan rantau tumpuan (ROI) berdasarkan kedudukan titik sauh (PAP) sempadan bulatan kesan pin peletup pada tapak kelongsong peluru merupakan langkah yang amat penting dalam sistem pengecaman senjata api automatik. Walau bagaimanapun, kaedah yang digunakan dalam kajian lepas bagi mengesan PAP sempadan bulatan tersebut adalah sangat kompleks dan memerlukan masa pemprosesan yang panjang. Kajian ini menerokai algoritma yang efisien dan berkemampuan untuk mengesan PAP sempadan bulatan secara automatik. Algoritma yang diutarakan merupakan gabungan daripada penapis penajaman reruang, penormalan histogram, pengambangan dan penganggar kuasa dua terkecil tak berpemberat. Dua kaedah pengambangan yang terkenal telah diuji dan dibandingkan, iaitu kaedah pengambangan berasaskan pengelompokan dan kaedah berasaskan entropi. Di samping itu, penerokaan kesan saiz dan bentuk ROI terhadap kadar pengelasan senjata api turut dipersembahkan. Sebanyak 747 imej kesan pin peletup jenis sempadan bulatan peletup yang dihasilkan oleh lima pucuk pistol yang berlainan daripada jenis yang sama digunakan untuk menguji algoritma yang diutarakan. Kadar pengelasan imej kesan pin peletup yang memberangsangkan (> 95%) telah dicapai dengan algoritma yang dicadangkan. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa saiz dan bentuk pemetakan ROI mempunyai kesan langsung terhadap kadar pengelasan senjata api.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  7. Hamid N, Annadurai N, Yoshikawa A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:595-601.
    Suar suria merujuk kepada aktiviti matahari yang ditafsirkan sebagai cahaya terang yang meletus secara tiba-tiba
    dari permukaan matahari. Ia mampu menjejaskan sistem ionosfera bumi justeru mengganggu mana-mana arus yang
    mengalir di lapisan tersebut. Kejadian ini dapat diperhatikan melalui pemerhatian data magnetometer yang dicerap
    di bumi. Kesan umum suar suria adalah peningkatan kekonduksian ionosfera seterusnya meningkatkan keamatan arus
    namun didapati terdapat beberapa suar suria mampu memberikan kesan sebaliknya. Terdapat kajian yang melaporkan
    bahawa satu suar suria mampu meningkatkan keamatan arus di sesetengah kawasan dan pengurangan keamatan
    pada kawasan yang lain. Kajian lepas pula lebih tertumpu kepada kesan suar suria pada kawasan sektor tertentu atau
    setempat. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian ini mengambil pendekatan untuk menganalisis sifat suar suria dan kesannya
    menggunakan taburan data yang lebih meluas iaitu melibatkan stesen magnetometer yang dipasang di lima sektor. Data
    yang digunakan adalah daripada jaringan Magnetic Data Acquisition System/Circum Pan Magnetometer Network Pacific
    (MAGDAS/CPMN) dan suar suria dikenal pasti melalui data fluks sinar-X yang dicerap daripada satelit Geostationary
    Operational Environmental Satellite 15 (GOES 15). Keputusan kajian menunjukkan kesan suar suria yang tidak pernah
    ditemui sebelum ini iaitu pengurangan keamatan arus pada semua data cerapan di khatulistiwa magnetik dan punca
    yang dicadangkan adalah kewujudan arus elektrojet berlawanan. Selain itu, keputusan kajian turut mendapati bahawa
    suar suria tersebut berlaku pada fasa pemulihan ribut geomagnet semasa soltis Jun dalam fasa suria menaik.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  8. Vaezzadeh V, Thomes MW, Kunisue T, Tue NM, Zhang G, Zakaria MP, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2021 Jan;263:128272.
    PMID: 33297216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128272
    Barnacles are ubiquitous in coastal ecosystems of different geographical regions worldwide. This is the first study attempting to assess the suitability of barnacles as bioindicators of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal environments. Barnacles were collected from the coasts around Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed for POPs including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Among POPs, PCBs showed the highest concentrations with elevated contributions of CB28 and CB153. As for PBDEs, BDE47 was the most frequently detected congener, while BDE209 was detected in barnacles from two stations in Port Klang and the levels reached up to >70% of total PBDE concentrations. Concentrations of OCPs detected in barnacles were in the order of CHLs > DDTs > HCHs > HCB and 4,4'-DDE and cis- and trans-chlordane were the predominant OCP compounds. A comparison with previous studies in Malaysia showed consistent levels of POPs. Green mussels collected from selected barnacles' habitats, for the sake of a comparison, showed almost similar profiles but lower concentrations of POPs. The spatial distribution of POPs observed in barnacles and comparison of POP levels and profiles with mussels indicated that barnacles can be useful bioindicators for monitoring POPs contamination in the coastal ecosystems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica*
  9. Chan BKK, Xu G, Kim HK, Park JH, Kim W
    PLoS One, 2018;13(5):e0196309.
    PMID: 29715264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196309
    Corals and their associated fauna are extremely diverse in tropical waters and form major reefs. In the high-latitude temperate zone, corals living near their distribution limit are considered marginal communities because they are particularly extremely sensitive to environmental and climatic changes. In this study, we examined the diversity and host usage of coral-associated barnacles on Jeju Island, Korea, the northern coral distribution limit in the East China Sea. In this study, only three coral-associated barnacles-from two genera in two subfamilies-were collected. The Pyrgomatinid barnacles Cantellius arcuatus and Cantellius cf. euspinulosum were found only on the corals Montipora millepora and Alveopora japonica, respectively. The Megatrematinid barnacle Pyrgomina oulastreae, relatively a generalist, was found on Psammocora spp. (both profundacella and albopicta) and Oulastrea crispata corals. The host usage of these three barnacles does not overlap. DNA barcode sequences of the C. arcuatus specimens collected in the present study matched those collected in Kochi in Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea, suggesting that this species has a wide geographical distribution. C. arcuatus covers a wider host range in Taiwan waters, inhabiting Montipora spp. and Porites spp., which suggests that the host specificity of coral-associated barnacles varies with host availability. C. cf. euspinulosum probably has a very narrow distribution and host usage. The sequences of C. cf. euspinulosum on Jeju Island do not match those of any known sequences of Cantellius barnacles in the Indo-Pacific region. P. oulastreae probably prefers cold water because it has been reported in temperate regions. Coral-associated barnacles in marginal communities have considerably lower diversity than their subtropical and tropical counterparts. When host availability is limited, marginal coral-associated barnacles exhibit higher host specificity than those in subtropical and tropical reef systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica/physiology*
  10. Lee TT, Kamisah Osman
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1301-1307.
    Tajuk Elektrokimia didapati sukar dipelajari kerana konsep abstrak yang melibatkan tahap perwakilan makroskopik, mikroskopik dan simbolik. Kajian lepas menunjukkan bahawa animasi dan simulasi menggunakan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (TMK) boleh membantu pelajar membayangkan dan seterusnya memperkuatkan pemahaman mereka dalam mempelajari tajuk kimia yang abstrak. Ekoran daripada itu, modul multimedia interaktif dengan agen pedagogi (MMIAP) yang dinamakan Makmal EK (Elektrokimia) dibangunkan dalam usaha membantu pelajar dalam mempelajari Elektrokimia. Reka bentuk penyiasatan kuasi eksperimen dengan ujian pra/pos kumpulan kawalan tidak setara dijalankan dalam usaha untuk menilai keberkesanan MMIAP Makmal EK terhadap pemahaman konsep pelajar dalam mempelajari elektrokimia. Seramai 127 orang pelajar tingkatan empat dari dua buah sekolah menengah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Setiap sekolah mempunyai sebuah kumpulan rawatan dan sebuah kumpulan kawalan yang diajar oleh guru kimia yang sama. Ujian pencapaian pra dan pos diberikan untuk menilai pemahaman konsep Elektrokimia pelajar sebelum dan selepas mempelajari kimia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa intervensi seperti yang direkabentuk dalam kajian menghasilkan perbezaan yang bererti antara kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan dalam memahami konsep Elekotrokimia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  11. Kontschán J, Kiss B
    Zootaxa, 2015;4021(4):515-28.
    PMID: 26624150 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.4.2
    Five new species of the family Rotundabaloghiidae are described from Indonesia and Malaysia. Angulobaloghia pedunculata sp. nov. differs from the other Angulobaloghia Hirschmann, 1979 species in the shape of the genital shield of the female. Rotundabaloghia (Rotundabaloghia) wangi sp. nov. has one pair of short and pilose setae (V8) on the ventral idiosoma, which is unique in the subgenus Rotundabaloghia (Rotundabaloghia) Hirschmann, 1975. Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) javaensis sp. nov. has a small triangular anterior process on genital shield of female, which has not been detected previously in South-East Asian members of this subgenus. The long and thick ventral seta (V4) in Depressorotunda (Depressorotunda) robusta sp. nov. is a character state so far unknown in the subgenus Depressorotunda (Depressorotunda) Kontschán, 2010. Depressorotunda (Depressorotunda) hirca sp. nov. has two apically serrate anterior branches on the margin of the female genital shield.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  12. Hani Nabilia Muhd Sahimi, Chubo, John Keen, Marina Mohd. Top @ Mohd. Tah, Noor Bahiah Saripuddin, Siti Sarah Ab Rahim
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2018;29(1):139-154.
    MyJurnal
    Tarsius bancanus borneanus (kera hantu) pertama kali dicam oleh Elliot pada
    tahun 1990 merupakan spesies endemik yang boleh ditemui di kepulauan Borneo yang
    terdiri dari Sabah dan Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei Darussalam dan Kalimantan, Indonesia.
    Sub-spesies ini telah disenaraikan sebagai haiwan yang terlindung sepenuhnya di bawah
    Ordinan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar Sarawak (1998) dan disenaraikan sebagai spesies
    yang terdedah kepada kepupusan oleh IUCN. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di Universiti Putra
    Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Sarawak (UPMKB), dari Oktober 2014 hingga Mac 2015. Menerusi
    persampelan tangkap-lepas yang meliputi kawasan seluas 37 ha hutan sekunder dan 7.13
    ha hutan yang dipulihara, sebanyak 16 ekor kera hantu telah ditangkap menggunakan jaring
    kabut manakala seekor kera hantu telah berjaya ditangkap semula. Kepadatan populasi
    kera hantu yang ditangkap menggunakan jaring kabut di dalam hutan sekunder adalah
    38 individu/km² manakala 28 individu/km² dicatatkan bagi hutan yang dipulihara. Dengan
    menggunakan kaedah penangkapan per satu unit usaha (net-jam), masa purata bagi
    seekor kera hantu ditangkap di dalam hutan sekunder adalah 26.6 jam/haiwan dan 30 jam/
    haiwan di dalam hutan yang dipulihara. Keputusan membuktikan data mengenai kehadiran
    kera hantu di dalam kedua-dua hutan sekunder dan hutan yang dipulihara terutamanya di
    kampus UPMKB sekaligus menonjolkan nilai pemuliharaan kawasan hutan tersebut.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  13. Mohamed, A.S., Muhammad Zaidi, N.F., Zolkapli, E., Aida Hamimi, I.
    MyJurnal
    Melissopalynology (pollen analysis) allows the identification of floral sources, botanical and geographical origin of selected Kelulut honey samples. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the origin of selected Kelulut honey by Geniotrigona thoracica and Heterotrigona itama farmed and harvested at Lenggong (Perak). Briefly, the honey was diluted in ddH2O and filtered to obtain the pollens. Subsequently, the morphology of the pollens was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the frequency classes of species were determined. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis, G. thoracica honey was demonstrated to be a uni-floral honey and H. Itama honey as a multi-floral honey. A total of 7 types of pollens were observed in G. thoracica honey while 9 types in H. Itama honey. Some of the pollen were identified with the aid of pollen atlas while some were unidentified. Furthermore, the results obtained in this study suggested that the pollens present in Kelulut honey are crucial in identifying botanical resource of stingless bee honey, which assist in preserving the ecosystem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  14. Yap FC, Wong WL, Maule AG, Brennan GP, Lim LH
    Arthropod Struct Dev, 2015 May;44(3):253-79.
    PMID: 25770075 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.02.001
    Detailed studies of larval development of Octolasmis angulata and Octolasmis cor are pivotal in understanding the larval morphological evolution as well as enhancing the functional ecology. Six planktotrophic naupliar stages and one non-feeding cyprid stage are documented in details for the first time for the two species of Octolasmis. Morphologically, the larvae of O. angulata and O. cor are similar in body size, setation patterns on the naupliar appendages, labrum, dorsal setae-pores, frontal horns, cyprid carapace, fronto-lateral gland pores, and lattice organs. Numbers of peculiarities were observed on the gnathobases of the antennae and mandible throughout the naupliar life-cycle. The setation pattern on the naupliar appendages are classified based on the segmentation on the naupliar appendages. The nauplius VI of both species undergoes a conspicuous change before metamorphosis into cyprid stage. The cyprid structures begin to form and modify beneath the naupliar body towards the end of stage VI. This study emphasises the importance of the pedunculate barnacle larval developmental studies not only to comprehend the larval morphological evolution but also to fill in the gaps in understanding the modification of the naupliar structures to adapt into the cyprid life-style.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica/growth & development*; Thoracica/ultrastructure
  15. Yap FC, Wong WL, Maule AG, Brennan GP, Chong VC, Lim LH
    Sci Rep, 2017 Mar 22;7:44980.
    PMID: 28327603 DOI: 10.1038/srep44980
    Although there have been extensive studies on the larval adhesion of acorn barnacles over the past few decades, little is known about stalked barnacles. For the first time, we describe the larval adhesive systems in the stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata and the findings differ from previous reports of the temporary (antennulary) and cement glands in thoracican barnacles. We have found that the temporary adhesives of cyprid are produced by the clustered temporary adhesive glands located within the mantle, instead of the specialised hypodermal glands in the second antennular segment as reported in the acorn barnacles. The temporary adhesive secretory vesicles (TASV) are released from the gland cells into the antennule via the neck extensions of the glands, and surrounded with microtubules in the attachment disc. Cement glands undergo a morphological transition as the cyprid grows. Synthesis of the permanent adhesives only occurs during the early cyprid stage, and is terminated once the cement glands reach maximum size. Evidence of the epithelial invaginations on the cement glands supports the involvement of exocytosis in the secretion of the permanent adhesives. This study provides new insight into the larval adhesives system of thoracican barnacles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica/metabolism; Thoracica/chemistry*
  16. Miklós Kázmér, Mohd Shafeea Leman & Kamal Roslan Mohamed, Che Aziz Ali, Danko Taboroši
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:921-929.
    The purpose of this paper was to provide a practical guide assisting field workers in identification and interpretation of frequently occurring bioerosional textures created in limestone by intertidal organisms along the coasts of Langkawi Islands, Malaysia. The discussion follows the textural succession from the supratidal down to the lower intertidal zone. Traces left by lichens, boring sponges, molluscs (littorinid snails, the chiton Acanthopleura, the bivalve Lithophaga) and the echinoid Echinometra are illustrated. Products of bioconstructing organisms, specifically oysters and barnacle are also described. Ecological tolerance of each group is given.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  17. Chan BKK, Tsao YF, Ganmanee M
    Zookeys, 2020;914:1-31.
    PMID: 32132853 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.914.49328
    Octomeris is a chthamalid intertidal barnacle with eight shell plates. There are currently two species of such barnacles: O. brunnea Darwin, 1854 (type locality in the Philippines), common in the Indo-Pacific region, and O. angulosa Sowerby, 1825, only recorded in South Africa. Octomeris intermedia Nilsson-Cantell, 1921, identified from the Mergui Archipelago in Myanmar, was considered to be conspecific with O. brunnea by Hiro (1939) based on samples collected in Taiwan. The morphological differences in shell and opercular plates between O. brunnea and O. intermedia are believed to be intra-specific variations due to different degrees of shell erosion. In the present study, the genetic and morphological differentiations of Octomeris in the Indo-Pacific region were examined. This study found two molecular clades (with inter-specific differences) based on the divergence in the COI genes, and the species also have distinct geographical distributions. The Octomeris brunnea clade covers samples collected from the Philippines and Taiwan waters and the other clade, which we argue is O. intermedia, is distributed in Phuket and Krabi, Thailand and Langkawi, Malaysia. Phuket and Krabi are located approximately 300 km south of the Mergui Archipelago, the type locality of O. intermedia. The morphology of samples collected from Thailand fits the type description of O. intermedia in Nilsson-Cantell (1921). Our study concludes that O. intermedia is a valid species based on morphological and molecular evidence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  18. Siti Radziah Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Trigona thoracica propolis is known to have antimicrobial properties, however its
    antileptospiral properties and its synergistic effects with commonly prescribed antibiotics are scarcely
    documented. This study aimed to evaluate the antileptospiral properties of Trigona thoracica against
    pathogenic Leptospira species (spp.) and to study its synergistic effects with commonly prescribed
    antibiotics. Materials and Methods: The tested Leptospira serovars were Australis, Bataviae, Canicola and
    Javanica. Aqueous extract propolis (AEP) and ethanolic extracts propolis (EEP) were used. Broth dilution
    methods were used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal
    Concentration (MBC) and the synergistic effects between the propolis and the tested antibiotics. The
    synergistic effects was evaluated by using the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Morphological
    changes of the treated Leptospira were observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results: The
    AEP and EEP were found to have antileptospiral properties against the tested Leptospira spp. The synergy
    result showed that only combination of AEP and penicillin G against serovar Australis has demonstrated
    synergistic effect with the FIC index of 0.38. Morphological study using SEM showed significant structural
    changes of the treated Leptospira spp. Conclusions: The result suggests that Trigona thoracica propolis could
    potentially be used as either a complimentary or an alternative therapeutic agent against pathogenic
    Leptospira spp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  19. Nurdianah, H.F., Ahmad Firdaus, A.H., Eshaifol Azam, O., Wan Adnan, W.O.
    MyJurnal
    Bee pollen is considered as one of the functional foods due to its complex biochemical
    properties. Bee pollen which is collected from pollen grains from various botanical sources
    contains almost a complete nutrition such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins
    and minerals. Its beneficial effect on health is thought to be due to the presence of phenolic
    compounds with its antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activities of ethanolic bee pollen extract
    (BPE) from three species of Malaysian stingless bee; Trigona thoracica, Trigona itama and
    Trigona apicalis in this study were measured using DPPH-HPLC method and gallic acid (GA)
    as a standard reference. The percentage of DPPH inhibition by T. apicalis BPE at 1 mg/mL
    showed the highest inhibition (39%, GA equivalent to 0.3 mg/mL) compared with T. itama
    (14.3%, GA equivalent to 0.1 mg/mL) and T. thoracica (6.7%, GA equivalent to 0.05 mg/mL).
    Our result was the first in reporting antioxidant activity of BPE measured using DPPH-HPLC
    method from three different species of Malaysian stingless bee.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica
  20. Oguri Y, Watanabe M, Ishikawa T, Kamada T, Vairappan CS, Matsuura H, et al.
    Mar Drugs, 2017 Aug 28;15(9).
    PMID: 28846653 DOI: 10.3390/md15090267
    Six new compounds, omaezol, intricatriol, hachijojimallenes A and B, debromoaplysinal, and 11,12-dihydro-3-hydroxyretinol have been isolated from four collections of Laurencia sp. These structures were determined by MS and NMR analyses. Their antifouling activities were evaluated together with eight previously known compounds isolated from the same samples. In particular, omaezol and hachijojimallene A showed potent activities (EC50 = 0.15-0.23 µg/mL) against larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thoracica/drug effects*
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