Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 53 in total

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  1. Fulltext Orchestration of autonomous trusted third-party banking
    Muthaiyah S, Anbananthen KSM, Phuong Lan NT
    F1000Res, 2021;10:899.
    PMID: 34745564 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.72987.1
    Background Digital transformation is changing the structure and landscape of future banking needs with much emphasis on value creation. Autonomous banking solutions must incorporate on-the-fly processing for risky transactions to create this value. In an autonomous environment, access control with role and trust delegation has been said to be highly relevant. The aim of this research is to provide an end to end working solution that will enable autonomous transaction and task processing for banking. Method We illustrate the use case for task delegation with the aid of risk graphs, risk bands and finite state machines. This paper also highlights a step by step task delegation process using a risk ordering relation methodology that can be embedded into smart contracts. Results Task delegation with risk ordering relation is illustrated with six process owners that share immutable ledgers. Task delegation properties using Multi Agent Systems (MAS) is used to eliminate barriers for autonomous transaction processing. Secondly, the application of risk graph and risk ordering relation with reference to delegation of tasks is a novel approach that is nonexistent in RBAC. Conclusion The novelty of this study is the logic for task delegation and task policies for autonomous execution on autonomous banking platforms akin to the idea of federated ID (Liberty Alliance).
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust*
  2. Analyzing the factors affecting the attitude of public toward lockdown, institutional trust, and civic engagement activities
    Xie Q, Sundararaj V, Mr R
    J Community Psychol, 2022 Mar;50(2):806-822.
    PMID: 34368961 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22681
    The early 2020 witnessed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic followed by a nationwide lockdown in the whole history for the first time. The entire world had to go for nationwide lockdown to curb the spread of such contagious and deadly disease. In short, the coronavirus outbreak and the subsequent lockdown had created a storm in the world giving rise to change in public with respect to parameters like trust in the government institutions, civic engagement, and so on. In this raising dilemma, multiple countries have acknowledged the significance of trusting institutions, especially during lockdown. It is also widely accepted that lives of individuals had been undergoing change ever since the spread of COVID-19. Likewise, public's trust in the institutions is directly related to the civic engagement. Civic engagement is commonly understood as a phenomenon that develops a difference in an individual's civic life by combining values, skills, motivation, as well as knowledge. Different forms of civic engagement include national service, volunteering, societal services, and so forth. The main focus of this article is to examine the influence of COVID-19 outbreak on general attitude of the citizens of Malaysia and India, their trust on the governing institutions, and the civic engagement. In other words, this study tries to assess the impact of the pandemic on variables such as attitude toward the lockdown, trust in institutions, and civic engagement. For this, the study adopted cross-sectional community questionnaire survey in two countries-Malaysia and India. The respondents selected for the study was 1437. The respondent's demographics, attitude toward lockdown, trust in institutions, and civic engagement during the lockdown were collected by means of convenience sampling technique. Later the collected data were measured in terms of descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Findings of the study stated that public's trust in the institution can be increased by enhancing the civic activities and implementing policies that govern and build the society.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust*
  3. Fulltext Secure Trust-Based Blockchain Architecture to Prevent Attacks in VANET
    Khan AS, Balan K, Javed Y, Tarmizi S, Abdullah J
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Nov 14;19(22).
    PMID: 31739437 DOI: 10.3390/s19224954
    Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are also known as intelligent transportation systems. VANET ensures timely and accurate communications between vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) to improve road safety and enhance the efficiency of traffic flow. Due to its open wireless boundary and high mobility, VANET is vulnerable to malicious nodes that could gain access into the network and carry out serious medium access control (MAC) layer threats, such as denial of service (DoS) attacks, data modification attacks, impersonation attacks, Sybil attacks, and replay attacks. This could affect the network security and privacy, causing harm to the information exchange within the network by genuine nodes and increase fatal impacts on the road. Therefore, a novel secure trust-based architecture that utilizes blockchain technology has been proposed to increase security and privacy to mitigate the aforementioned MAC layer attacks. A series of experiment has been conducted using the Veins simulation tool to assess the performance of the proposed solution in the terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, packet loss, transmission overhead, and computational cost.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  4. Fulltext T-DepExp: simulating transitive dependence based coalition formation
    Ashutosh, Kumar Singh, Billy, Pik Lik Lau, Terence, Peng Lian Tan
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2015;23(1):105-117.
    MyJurnal
    In this paper, we introduce T-DepExp system to simulate the transitive dependence based coalition formation (CF). It is a multi-agent based simulation (MABS) tool that aims to enhance cooperation between agents through transitive dependence. Previously, the transitive dependence was introduced by An and his colleagues for expressing the indirect dependence between agents in their cooperation. However, it did not receive much attention. Although it has a few problems need to be addressed, we try to propose our own mechanism to increase the efficiency of the transitive dependence based CF. To simulate MAS dependence relationship, we have included two fundamental dependence relationships in this MABS tool, which are AND-Dependence and OR-Dependence. In addition, the architecture of the T-DepExp system is presented and discussed. It allows possible integration of other features such as budget mechanism and trust model. Subsequently, hypothesis for the experiments and experimental setup are explained. The overall system will be demonstrated for its functionality and the experimental results will also be discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  5. Fulltext Review of factors influencing the coach‐athlete relationship in Malaysian team sport
    Murugeesan, Yokananthini, Nurul Ain Mohd Hasan
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(3):83-98.
    MyJurnal
    Previous research has found that interaction processes between coach and athlete have always been the
    strongest factor for sports performance. Other researches have drawn conclusions to other factors in the
    coach-athlete relationship, such as culture and gender. Research has generally shown that effective
    communication required the development of trust and respect between coach and athlete (Yukelson,
    1984). The review focuses on an analysis of past literature on communication styles, culture, and
    gender as potential key factors influencing the coach-athlete relationship. This review paper examined
    studies specific to the empirical studies on athletes and coaches from the Western and Asian
    perspectives. In particular, the review analysed empirical studies on communication, gender and
    culture as potential factors influencing the coach-athlete relationship. The review concluded that while
    various studies on the coach-athlete relationship had been done, a majority of the empirical studies
    were within Western perspectives. Such empirical study is particularly under-researched in Malaysia.
    Therefore, the paper concludes by suggesting that future research which explores the aspects of
    communication styles, culture, and gender within the Malaysian context is timely.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  6. Fulltext Factors influecing customer's trust in online shopping among executives in a bank
    Nadiah Tasin
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017;2(3):47-60.
    MyJurnal
    Having many advantages that traditional shopping lack of, online shopping is now enjoying its
    predominance and rapid development in Malaysia. In many previous researches, focus has been found
    in the relationship between consumer trust and its antecedents. The objective of this study is to
    examine some factors affecting consumer trust in Malaysia as well as to investigate the relationship
    between trust and purchasing decision. A questionnaire was distributed among bank employees of
    CIMB Bank Berhad. Correlations and regressions were used in analyzing the data. This paper provides
    evidence that trust in online shopping is built on information quality, online consumer review and site
    quality. It also proves that trust contributes to the online purchasing decision.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  7. Fulltext Algorithm for solution of non-convex optimization problem through piece-wise convex transformation
    Kerk, Lee Chang, Rohanin Ahmad
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):381-392.
    MyJurnal
    Optimization is central to any problem involving decision making. The area
    of optimization has received enormous attention for over 30 years and it is still popular
    in research field to this day. In this paper, a global optimization method called Improved
    Homotopy with 2-Step Predictor-corrector Method will be introduced. The method in-
    troduced is able to identify all local solutions by converting non-convex optimization
    problems into piece-wise convex optimization problems. A mechanism which only consid-
    ers the convex part where minimizers existed on a function is applied. This mechanism
    allows the method to filter out concave parts and some unrelated parts automatically.
    The identified convex parts are called trusted intervals. The descent property and the
    global convergence of the method was shown in this paper. 15 test problems have been
    used to show the ability of the algorithm proposed in locating global minimizer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  8. Fulltext The Belt-and-Road Initiative as a paradigm change for European Union-China security cooperation? The case of Central Asia
    Barton B
    Asia Eur J, 2021 Apr 27.
    PMID: 33935611 DOI: 10.1007/s10308-021-00606-6
    Security cooperation has increasingly come to prominence in the realm of relations between the European Union (EU) and China as a policy area primed for fostering deeper bilateral strategic convergence. Where leaders on both sides have talked up security cooperation particularly by pointing to recent successes (on counter-piracy, Iran), EU-China scholars have largely qualified these as exceptions to the rule. The rule being that the gulf between Brussels and Beijing continues to be too wide on norms, geopolitics and trust for them to live up to their ambitious rhetoric on security cooperation. Taking this into consideration, this paper sets out to examine whether the Belt-and-Road Initiative (BRI) - given its magnitude and high stakes - can change the dynamics of bilateral security cooperation. Looking at this through the lens of three distinct theories applicable to the study of EU-China relations, it would appear that even bilateral security overlap pertaining to the BRI cannot reverse these deeply entrenched behavioural patterns.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  9. Fulltext Trust in Nurse Scale Developed on the Basis of the Standardized Trust in Physician Scale by Anderson and Dedrick
    Krajewska-Kułak E, Kułak W, Cybulski M, Kowalczuk K, Guzowski A, Łukaszuk C, et al.
    Mater Sociomed, 2019 Mar;31(1):57-61.
    PMID: 31213958 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2019.31.57-61
    Introduction: Nursing care is one of the most important areas of health services, taking place in direct contact with the patient, constituting a subsystem deciding about the general level of services.

    Aim: The aim of the study was to construct the Trust in Nurse Scale on the basis of the standardized Trust in Physician Scale by Anderson and Dedrick.

    Methods: The study included a group of 1,200 people selected at random, 600 each from surgical and medical treatment wards. Patients did not report any problems with understanding the statements on the scale.

    Results: The internal accuracy scores were excellent, all Cronbach's a values were well above 0.70. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient values were highly statistically significant (p <0.001), and correlation strength was very high (for most items rs > 0.90).

    Conclusion: We suggest that The Trust in Nurse Scale, developed on the basis of the standardized Trust in Physician Scale by Anderson and Dedrick, can be used in studies on patient satisfaction with nursing care.

    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  10. Fulltext Trust predicts COVID-19 prescribed and discretionary behavioral intentions in 23 countries
    Pagliaro S, Sacchi S, Pacilli MG, Brambilla M, Lionetti F, Bettache K, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(3):e0248334.
    PMID: 33690672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248334
    The worldwide spread of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019 has posed a severe threat to individuals' well-being. While the world at large is waiting that the released vaccines immunize most citizens, public health experts suggest that, in the meantime, it is only through behavior change that the spread of COVID-19 can be controlled. Importantly, the required behaviors are aimed not only at safeguarding one's own health. Instead, individuals are asked to adapt their behaviors to protect the community at large. This raises the question of which social concerns and moral principles make people willing to do so. We considered in 23 countries (N = 6948) individuals' willingness to engage in prescribed and discretionary behaviors, as well as country-level and individual-level factors that might drive such behavioral intentions. Results from multilevel multiple regressions, with country as the nesting variable, showed that publicized number of infections were not significantly related to individual intentions to comply with the prescribed measures and intentions to engage in discretionary prosocial behaviors. Instead, psychological differences in terms of trust in government, citizens, and in particular toward science predicted individuals' behavioral intentions across countries. The more people endorsed moral principles of fairness and care (vs. loyalty and authority), the more they were inclined to report trust in science, which, in turn, statistically predicted prescribed and discretionary behavioral intentions. Results have implications for the type of intervention and public communication strategies that should be most effective to induce the behavioral changes that are needed to control the COVID-19 outbreak.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust/psychology*
  11. Be Careful Where You Smile: Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals
    Krys K, -Melanie Vauclair C, Capaldi CA, Lun VM, Bond MH, Domínguez-Espinosa A, et al.
    Journal of nonverbal behavior, 2015 12 30;40:101-116.
    PMID: 27194817
    Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones-they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE's uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling-in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  12. Fulltext State-of-the-art IoV trust management a meta-synthesis systematic literature review (SLR)
    Rehman A, Hassan MF, Yew KH, Paputungan I, Tran DC
    PeerJ Comput Sci, 2020;6:e334.
    PMID: 33816982 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.334
    In the near future, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is foreseen to become an inviolable part of smart cities. The integration of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) into the IoV is being driven by the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and high-speed communication. However, both the technological and non-technical elements of IoV need to be standardized prior to deployment on the road. This study focuses on trust management (TM) in the IoV/VANETs/ITS (intelligent transport system). Trust has always been important in vehicular networks to ensure safety. A variety of techniques for TM and evaluation have been proposed over the years, yet few comprehensive studies that lay the foundation for the development of a "standard" for TM in IoV have been reported. The motivation behind this study is to examine all the TM models available for vehicular networks to bring together all the techniques from previous studies in this review. The study was carried out using a systematic method in which 31 papers out of 256 research publications were screened. An in-depth analysis of all the TM models was conducted and the strengths and weaknesses of each are highlighted. Considering that solutions based on AI are necessary to meet the requirements of a smart city, our second objective is to analyze the implications of incorporating an AI method based on "context awareness" in a vehicular network. It is evident from mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that there is potential for context awareness in ad hoc networks. The findings are expected to contribute significantly to the future formulation of IoVITS standards. In addition, gray areas and open questions for new research dimensions are highlighted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  13. Fulltext Indicators for Medical Mistrust in Healthcare-A Review and Standpoint from Southeast Asia
    Choy HH, Ismail A
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Dec;24(6):5-20.
    PMID: 29379382 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.6.2
    The relationship based on trust is exceptionally important in healthcare, where life or death and quality of health are major concerns. Relational crack jeopardises the provision of quality healthcare when trust is taken for granted. Trust is believed to be the vital key to minimise medical negligence, lawsuits and patient complaints towards healthcare providers while acting as an empowering agent to significant clinical outcomes. Trust is indispensable to healthcare. However, to identify its deterioration is not a simple feature. Moreover, lack of research and public dissemination complicate this topic further. Hence, understanding medical mistrust issues and their associated indicators is urgently needed to ensure the top-notch provision of healthcare. We employed narrative review methodology together with key terms matching for the selected electronic databases for this article. Our review concluded that an "Increasing number of medical litigations and complaints towards physicians", "Physicians' low mastery of interpersonal communication skill" and "Patients' demand, practice, and non-disclosure of alternative treatments" are the possible indicators to predict mistrust. Efforts to restore and strengthen trust can only be made when these indicators are well understood firsthand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  14. The effects of reciprocity, type of relationship, and culture on relationship processes
    Gertrude C Ah Gang G, Stukas AA
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2015;olume 29:20-31.
    Equity theory suggests that perceiving equity leads to better relationship outcomes than perceiving inequity. However, cultural and relationship differences in tolerance for inequity have been found, suggesting that those from more individualistic cultures may have less tolerance for inequity with friends than those from more collectivistic cultures, with the latter group discriminating more clearly in their reactions to friends and strangers. In our first study, Kadazandusun (N=282) and Australian (N=255) participants evaluated their actual reciprocity in social support with a close friend. In our second study, 103 South East Asians and 128 Australians were randomly assigned to respond to a scenario presenting equity or inequity (underbenefit or overbenefit) with either a close friend or stranger. Study 1 found that participants from both cultures reported reduced desires for future interaction, positive feelings and closeness when they experienced under-benefit as compared to over-benefit or equity. In Study 2, participants from both cultures also reported reduced desires for future interaction, positive feelings and trust when there was inequity and reported a more negative reaction to a stranger than a close friend. These findings are consistent with equity theory and support its cross-cultural applicability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  15. Performance measures of strategic university-industry collaborations in Malaysia: dyadic multicases approach
    Chong, Aik Lee, Sakaria Abas, Yee, Angelina Seow Voon
    CREAM : Current Research in Malaysia (Penyelidikan Terkini di Malaysia), 2013;2(1):5-24.
    MyJurnal
    Collaboration without performance measures is likened to a football game without a scoreboard. Traditionally, universities have operated in isolation industry and vice versa. University and industry were formed with different agenda and objectives. Fundamentally, a university is a nonprofit oriented organisation while industry is profit oriented. However, industrialisation and egalitarian awakening in the early 20'" century gradually brought university and industry together. Currently, university and industry are increasingly seeking avenues to collaborate strategically. Nevertheless, 50% to 70% of collaborative efforts fail prematurely due to the lack of performance measures. In light of that, there is a need to search for a set of holistic performance measures. Therefore, this study is undertaken to determine the performance measures of strategic university industry collaborations in Malaysia using dyadic multicases approach. The researcher analyses multiple cases from the perspectives of university and industry within a bounded system via qualitative research methodology. Interviews respondents were from university and industry. From the 68 interviews conducted, university and industry respondents shared their experiences on the need for performance measures to include trust, commitment, enterprise, communication, complementary, flexibility, commercialisation and resources on top of conventional performance measures like agreed objectives, timelines, financial indicators and reporting. With that, a set of holistic performance measures is established from interviews. The main contributions of the research findings are: (i) to policy-making for the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia; and (ii) to the body of knowledge in investigating the performance measures in satisfactory performance of strategic university-industry collaboration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  16. Fulltext Interpersonal touch: the lost art of mankind - a review
    Choy, H.H., Khalib, A.L.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2013;13(1):48-58.
    MyJurnal
    Surprisingly little was known about the importance of touch in life which was placed at a lower emphasis than the rest-namely visual, auditory, olfactory sense and etc. This writing aimed to decipher the significances of interpersonal touch, its culture, practices, barriers and challenges, which were then conveyed to the public as a form of health promotion. Methodology includes narrative review where the suitable literatures used were searched using ScienceDirect database under the keywords of “Interpersonal Touch”, “Oxytocin” and “Touch”. In this review, we have highlighted some of the most critical points which should have been promoted to the public. For example, touch satisfies individual psychosomatic and psychosocial needs. It forms a non-verbal communication culture which interacts about emotions, trust, compliance and more. Furthermore, it has been linked to the secretion of multifunctional bioactive chemical-oxytocin which was well-known in its therapeutic advantages for a wide range of commonest chronic diseases and social ills. Although some dysfunctional consequences may be resulted, incorporating genuine interpersonal touch into today’s efforts is undeniably viewed as a good option in solving many social problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  17. Fulltext Should doctors apologize and disclose medical errors?
    Aimi Nadia Mohd Yusof
    Medical Health Reviews, 2009;2009(2):5-16.
    MyJurnal
    No vaccination is available to provide doctors with the immunity from errors and mistakes. Humans make mistakes everyday and eventually doctors will make mistakes or errors during their practice. Therefore, knowing how to handle the mistakes is crucial in improving patient safety and management. Disclosure of errors can be argued to play a significant role in respecting the patients’ rights and interest. We need to know that in a doctor-patient relationship, trust and vulnerability exist. If errors occur and doctors try to keep patients away from the truth, patients may no longer maintain their trust and this could lead to a negative turn in the relationship. Moreover, if errors are disclosed, doctors then may face a legal and ethical dilemma on whether to apologize for the errors made. This issue of apology has created debates among health professionals and lawyers in searching for the best answer. Apology can be a powerful tool to reconcile relationships but at the same time can also be a tool of deception.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  18. Fulltext Low organ donation rate in Malaysia: a survey
    Makmor T, Abdillah N, Raja Noriza RA, Nurulhuda MS, Sook-Lu Y, Soo-Kun L, et al.
    JUMMEC, 2014;17(1):14-17.
    MyJurnal
    Organ shortage is a major concern in many countries. The objective of this paper was to investigate the factors that contribute to the low quantity of organ donation in Malaysia. The 1311 respondents in this survey came from the three main ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malay, Chinese and Indian). The survey was based on these components: The reason for not pledging to become a donor; the reason of refusing to become a donor; and whether non-fungible incentive would influence decision. The lack of information and trust were the factors that influenced the respondents to remain apathetic to organ donation. The results denote that people are unlikely to become a donor even if non-fungible incentive were provided to them. Thus, it is important for the government bodies to evaluate the programme and strategies of public education in relation to organ donation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  19. Fulltext Patients' perception of the information security management in health centers: the role of organizational and human factors
    Peikari HR, T R, Shah MH, Lo MC
    BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 2018 Nov 15;18(1):102.
    PMID: 30442138 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0681-z
    BACKGROUND: Researchers paid little attention to understanding the association of organizational and human factors with patients' perceived security in the context of health organizations. This study aims to address numerous gaps in this context. Patients' perceptions about employees' training on security issues, monitoring on security issues, ethics, physical & technical protection and trust in hospitals were identified as organizational and human factors.

    METHODS: After the development of 12 hypotheses, a quantitative, cross-sectional, self-administered survey method was applied to collect data in 9 hospitals in Iran. After the collection of 382 usable questionnaires, the partial least square structural modeling was applied to examine the hypotheses and it was found that 11 hypotheses were empirically supported.

    RESULTS: The results suggest that patients' trust in hospitals can significantly predict their perceived security but no significant associations were found between patients' physical protection mechanisms in the hospital and their perceived information security in a hospital. We also found that patients' perceptions about the physical protection mechanism of a hospital can significantly predict their trust in hospitals which is a novel finding by this research.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings imply that hospitals should formulate policies to improve patients' perception about such factors, which ultimately lead to their perceived security.

    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
  20. Fulltext Determinants of the willingness to participate in biobanking among Malaysian stakeholders in the Klang Valley
    Amin L, Hashim H, Mahadi Z, Ismail K
    BMC Med Res Methodol, 2018 12 05;18(1):163.
    PMID: 30518344 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0619-2
    BACKGROUND: The demand in biobanking for the collection and maintenance of biological specimens and personal data from civilians to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases has increased notably. Despite the advancement, certain issues, specifically those related to privacy and data protection, have been critically discussed. The purposes of this study are to assess the willingness of stakeholders to participate in biobanking and to determine its predictors.

    METHODS: A survey of 469 respondents from various stakeholder groups in the Klang Valley region of Malaysia was carried out. Based on previous research, a multi-dimensional instrument measuring willingness to participate in biobanking, and its predictors, was constructed and validated. A single step Structural Equation Modelling was performed to analyse the measurements and structural model using the International Business Machines Corporation Software Package for Social Sciences, Analysis of Moment Structures (IBM SPSS Amos) version 20 with a maximum likelihood function.

    RESULTS: Malaysian stakeholders in the Klang Valley were found to be cautious of biobanks. Although they perceived the biobanks as moderately beneficial (mean score of 4.65) and were moderately willing to participate in biobanking (mean score of 4.10), they professed moderate concern about data and specimen protection issues (mean score of 4.33). Willingness to participate in biobanking was predominantly determined by four direct predictors: specific application-linked perceptions of their benefits (β = 0.35, p trust in key players (β = 0.20, p trust in key players) as well as indirect factors are well accounted for.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trust
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